oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Foot-Rot

The present network meta-analysis was performed to compare the effects of antibiotics used in treating footrot in some ruminants and to rank these antibiotics based on their efficacy. Data of 14 eligible studies consisting of 5622 affected animals was included in the analysis. A Bayesian method and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations were utilized to analyze data. The estimated results were reported in the form of odds ratios (ORs) with 95% credible intervals (CrI). The Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) was used to rank antibiotics. Network meta-regressions (NMRs) were conducted to examine the influence of sample sizes, treatment duration, route of administration, and species of animals (sheep and cattle) on the overall outcome. The results indicated that gamithromycin impact on curing footrot was superior to other antibiotics and Lincomycin and oxytetracycline were ranked second and third. The difference between the impact of gamithromycin and amoxicillin (OR = 14.76, CrI: 1.07-193.49) and enrofloxacin (OR = 20.21, CrI: 1.57-229.25) on footrot was significant. There was a significant difference between the effect of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin (OR = 5.24, CrI: 1.14-23.74) on footrot. The NMR performed based on species of animals fitted data better than network meta-analysis, suggesting erythromycin as the best third antibiotic instead of oxytetracycline. Egger's regression test and the shape of the funnel plot showed no publication bias among included studies. In conclusion, gamithromycin was associated with the highest curing rate benefit when used to treat footrot, followed by lincomycin and oxytetracycline/erythromycin. Among all evaluated antibiotics, enrofloxacin showed the lowest effects on footrot.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bayes Theorem; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Enrofloxacin; Erythromycin; Foot Rot; Lincomycin; Network Meta-Analysis; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

This study reports the clinical cure rates of topical oxytetracycline and 10% zinc sulphate foot bathing for treatment of interdigital dermatitis (ID), footrot (FR) and contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) in lambs.. The study was a randomised controlled trial of 75 lambs. Group A (n = 38) was foot bathed daily for 5 days in 10% zinc sulphate for 15 minutes and group B was treated with daily topical oxytetracycline for 5 days. On days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42, lambs were scored for locomotion and foot lesions were recorded.. The initial cure rates for ID were 96.20% and 97.00%; for FR, 100% and 95%; and for CODD, 90.09% and 83.33% for zinc sulphate and oxytetracycline, respectively. By day 42, these had changed to 53.16% and 61% for ID; 47.82% and 70% for FR; and 100% and 83.33% for CODD. There were no significant differences in cure rates between the treatments for most time points.. The sample size was small, and further studies in larger cohorts and different classes of sheep are required before the findings can be translated into recommendations for clinical practice.. Both treatments achieved cure rates that are comparable to reported cure rates using systemic antibiotics and could be an effective alternative.

Topics: Animals; Digital Dermatitis; Foot Rot; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Zinc Sulfate

A study on parenteral antibiotic treatment in sheep footrot was conducted on 10 farms in southern Germany to obtain information on the efficacy of gamithromycin under practical use conditions compared with a positive control. On each farm, 20 (10 on one farm) lame sheep were clinically evaluated and divided into two groups. On day 1, sheep were treated once according to group with either long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) at 20 mg/kg bodyweight or gamithromycin at 6 mg/kg; clinical responses were assessed 21 days later. When compared with day 1, both treatments reduced clinical lameness, as reflected in the reduction in the number of footrot-affected feet (OTC: 79.3 per cent; gamithromycin: 93.7 per cent) and in the severity of the lesions. The difference between the two treatments was significant (P<0.01) with an OR of 6.1 in favour of gamithromycin. Of the 33 sheep that were still lame on day 21, nine mildly affected animals were not re-treated and the remaining 24 sheep were re-treated with gamithromycin. On day 42, all but two (on the same farm) of the 33 sheep were cured, giving an overall response rate in this study to one or two parenteral antibiotic treatments of 99 per cent.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Foot Rot; Lameness, Animal; Macrolides; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Treatment Outcome

From observational studies, farmers who use parenteral antibacterials to promptly treat all sheep with footrot (FR) or interdigital dermatitis (ID) have a prevalence of lameness of < 2% compared with a prevalence of 9% lameness reported by farmers who treat lame sheep by trimming affected feet. We tested the hypothesis that prompt treatment of sheep lame with naturally developing FR or ID with parenteral and topical antibacterials reduces the prevalence and incidence of lameness with these conditions compared with less frequent treatment with trimming of hoof horn and applying topical antibacterials.A further hypothesis was that reduction of ID and FR would improve productivity. A lowland sheep flock with 700 ewes was used to test these hypotheses in an 18-month within farm clinical trial with four groups of ewes: two intervention and two control. The duration and severity of lameness was used to categorise sheep into three weighted scores of lameness (WLS): never lame (WLS0), mildly lame/lame for < 6 days (WLS1) and severely or chronically lame (WLS2). The intervention reduced the prevalence of lameness due to FR and ID in ewes and lambs and the incidence of lameness in ewes. The WLS was also significantly lower in sheep in the intervention groups. Ewes with a higher WLS were subsequently significantly more likely to have a body condition score < 2.5 and to have lame lambs. Significantly more ewes lambed and successfully reared more lambs that were ready for slaughter at a younger age in the intervention versus control groups. There was an increase in the gross margin of Pound630/100 ewes mated in the intervention group, including the cost of treatment of Pound150/100 ewes mated. We conclude that prompt parenteral and topical antibacterial treatment of sheep lame with ID and FR reduced the prevalence and incidence of these infectious conditions and led to improved health, welfare and productivity.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Birth Weight; Dermatitis; Dichelobacter nodosus; Female; Foot Rot; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Infusions, Parenteral; Lameness, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Statistics, Nonparametric

A microbiological study of 25 cases of ovine footrot was performed. Cultures belonging to Dichelobacter nodosus were isolated in 48% of the sampled animals. The sensitivity of the 99 strict anaerobic bacterial isolates to 5 antibiotics (penicillin G, amoxycillin, spiramycin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline) was studied. The percentage of resistant cultures was in all cases higher than 30%. The efficacy of erythromycin and oxytetracycline in the treatment of ovine footrot was studied. To conduct this test, an intramuscular injection was applied, of one antimicrobial or the other, at the beginning of the treatment. The tolerance of animals to the antimicrobials, the success rate of treatment and the severity of lameness were evaluated. The percentage of animals cured within 15 days was around 75%. In contrast, only 44% improvement was achieved in the lameness. No differences were found between the two antimicrobials in the above indices.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dichelobacter nodosus; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Female; Foot Rot; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Lameness, Animal; Male; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

To determine whether ceftiofur sodium would be useful for treatment of acute interdigital phlegmon (foot rot) in cattle.. Randomized controlled trial.. 308 cross-bred yearling steers with clinical signs of acute interdigital phlegmon (i.e., lameness with interdigital swelling, interdigital lesions, or both).. Steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: ceftiofur at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg (0.045 mg/lb) of body weight, IM, every 24 hours; ceftiofur at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg (0.45 mg/lb), IM, every 24 hours, and oxytetracycline at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg (3 mg/lb), IM, every 24 hours. All animals were treated for 3 days; treatment was considered successful if animals were no longer lame on day 4. Biopsy specimens were collected prior to treatment from 5 animals in each group and submitted for anaerobic bacterial culture and histologic examination.. Success rates for the high-dosage ceftiofur (94/129; 73%) and oxytetracycline (87/128; 68%) groups were significantly higher than that for the low-dosage ceftiofur group (5/50; 10%), but there were no significant differences between the high-dosage ceftiofur and oxytetracycline groups. Anaerobic bacteria most frequently isolated from biopsy specimens were Porphyromonas levii and Provetella intermedia.. Use of ceftiofur at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg for treatment of cattle with acute interdigital phlegmon was as effective as use of oxytetracycline at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg. However, ceftiofur has a negligible withdrawal time and, therefore, may be a better choice for treatment of near-market weight animals.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Biopsy; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Foot; Foot Rot; Lameness, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Porphyromonas; Time Factors

Factors associated with the proportion of sheep cured of virulent footrot after antibiotic treatment were studied in a field trial under dry environmental conditions. From 2 similar flocks, 1091 Merino sheep weighing about 50 kg and infected with virulent footrot received an intramuscular injection of either 12 mL of a mixture of penicillin (250 mg/mL) and streptomycin (250 mg/mL), 6 mL of long acting oxytetracycline (200 mg/mL) or 6 mL of a mixture of lincomycin (50 mg/mL) and spectinomycin (100 mg/mL). Variables that were significantly associated with the proportion of sheep cured were: the type of antibiotic used, the number of feet infected and the flock from which the sheep came. There was an interaction between antibiotic type and number of feet infected and between antibiotic type and flock in association with the proportion of sheep cured. The extent of paring and the occurrence of blowfly strike in footrot lesions treated with diazinon had no significant association with the proportion of sheep cured.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Foot Rot; Lincomycin; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Severity of Illness Index; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Spectinomycin

Footrot is a widespread, infectious cause of lameness in sheep, with major economic and welfare costs. The aims of this research were: (i) to quantify how veterinary surgeons' beliefs regarding the efficacy of two treatments for footrot changed following a review of the evidence (ii) to obtain a consensus opinion following group discussions (iii) to capture complementary qualitative data to place their beliefs within a broader clinical context. Grounded in a Bayesian statistical framework, probabilistic elicitation (roulette method) was used to quantify the beliefs of eleven veterinary surgeons during two one-day workshops. There was considerable heterogeneity in veterinary surgeons' beliefs before they listened to a review of the evidence. After hearing the evidence, seven participants quantifiably changed their beliefs. In particular, two participants who initially believed that foot trimming with topical oxytetracycline was the better treatment, changed to entirely favour systemic and topical oxytetracycline instead. The results suggest that a substantial amount of the variation in beliefs related to differences in veterinary surgeons' knowledge of the evidence. Although considerable differences in opinion still remained after the evidence review, with several participants having non-overlapping 95% credible intervals, both groups did achieve a consensus opinion. Two key findings from the qualitative data were: (i) veterinary surgeons believed that farmers are unlikely to actively seek advice on lameness, suggesting a proactive veterinary approach is required (ii) more attention could be given to improving the way in which veterinary advice is delivered to farmers. In summary this study has: (i) demonstrated a practical method for probabilistically quantifying how veterinary surgeons' beliefs change (ii) revealed that the evidence that currently exists is capable of changing veterinary opinion (iii) suggested that improved transfer of research knowledge into veterinary practice is needed (iv) identified some potential obstacles to the implementation of veterinary advice by farmers.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture; Foot Rot; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Physicians; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Erythromycin; Foot Rot; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Virulence

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Foot Rot; Incidence; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; United Kingdom; Zinc Sulfate

A test was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a new oxytetracycline aerosol in the treatment of foot rot in sheep. Of 186 sheep, 66 were treated with the test preparation, 61 were treated with an existing oxytetracycline aerosol and 50 acted as unmedicated controls. All affected feet in the three groups were first paired and then, for the two treatment groups, a single application of antibiotic aerosol was given. There was little difference in response between the two treated groups, but the improvement in both these groups was significantly greater than in the control group. The test was also applied to 60 cases of scald. One application of either the test product or its comparable antibiotic aerosol was effective in the treatment of scald.

Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Foot Rot; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Weather

Topics: Animals; Erythromycin; Foot Rot; Fusobacterium Infections; Hoof and Claw; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Vaccination