oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Foot-Diseases

The purpose of this study was to concurrently estimate the effect of different digital dermatitis (DD) treatment regimens and herd management practices on the occurrence of a new DD lesion. A controlled clinical trial was conducted and involved 4678 dairy cows from 52 French dairy farms where DD was endemic. Farms were allocated by minimisation to one of 4 treatment regimens, varying through the mode (footbath or collective spraying) and the frequency of application (2 days every 4 weeks or fortnightly). They were visited 7 times every 4 weeks by 14 trained investigators. Frailty Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative effect of potential risk factors and treatment practices on the time until the first occurrence of a DD lesion. At herd level, high initial DD prevalence strongly increased the risk for DD occurrence (HR=1.93, CI 1.23-3.04), as well as absence of hoof-trimming (HR=1.75, CI 1.36-2.27) and poor leg cleanliness (HR=2.44, CI 1.80-3.31). At animal level, Holstein breed (HR=1.92, CI 1.35-3.57) and high-productive cows (HR=1.26, CI 1.01-1.56) were identified to be at higher risk for DD compared to Normande breed and low-productive cows, respectively. Compared to individual topical antibiotic treatments alone, collective treatments tended to decrease the risk of DD occurrence only when applied over 2 days at least every fortnight (HR range=0.64-0.73).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Baths; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chelating Agents; Copper; Dairying; Digital Dermatitis; Disinfectants; Female; Foot Diseases; France; Hoof and Claw; Oxytetracycline; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treponema; Zinc

No clinical trials have been conducted in India on the efficacy of parenteral antibacterials to treat footrot in sheep. In addition, there are no studies worldwide on the efficacy of parenteral antibacterials to treat chronic footrot. Sixty two sheep with acute footrot and 30 sheep with chronic footrot from 7 villages in Kashmir, India were recruited into two separate trials. Sheep with acute footrot were allocated to one of three treatments using stratified random sampling: long acting parenteral oxytetracycline, long acting parenteral enrofloxacin and topical application of potassium permanganate solution (a traditional treatment used by sheep farmers in India). In a quasi pre-post intervention design, sheep with chronic footrot that had not responded to treatment with potassium permanaganate were randomly allocated to treatment with one of the two parenteral antibacterials mentioned above. Sheep with acute footrot were treated on day 0 and those with chronic footrot on days 0, 3, 6 and 9. Sheep were monitored for up to 28 days after treatment. Time to recovery from lameness and initial healing of lesions was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, nonparametric log-rank and Wilcoxon sign-rank tests.. There was significant correlation in recovery from lameness and presence of healing lesions in sheep with acute (r = 0.94) or chronic (r = 0.98) footrot. Sheep with acute footrot which were treated with parenteral antibacterials had a significantly more rapid recovery from lameness and had healing lesions (median = 7 days) compared with those treated with topical potassium permanganate solution (less than 50% recovered in 28 days). The median time to recovery in sheep with chronic footrot treated with either antibacterial was 17 days; this was significantly lower than the median of 75 days lame before treatment with antibacterials. The median time to recovery for both acute and chronic footrot increased as the severity of lesions increased. There was no difference in time to recovery by age, body condition score, duration lame, or presence of pus in the foot within acute and chronically affected sheep.. We conclude that use of parenteral antibacterials to treat sheep lame with either acute or chronic footrot in India is highly effective. This is likely to improve welfare and give economic benefits to the farmers.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chronic Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Enrofloxacin; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Foot Diseases; India; Lameness, Animal; Male; Oxytetracycline; Potassium Permanganate; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Two experiments were run in a commercial dairy herd to test the efficacy of topical treatments of digital dermatitis associated with severe heel-horn erosion. In Experiment I, topical treatments with solutions of either glutaraldehyde or oxytetracycline were compared with foot trimming and cleansing alone. After trimming of all feet, one front and one rear foot in each cow were treated with either glutaraldehyde or oxytetracycline (regardless of dermatitis status), while the other feet were used as controls and only trimmed. Two hundred foot records were obtained from 34 Swedish Red and White and 16 Swedish Holstein cows. The proportions (p) of feet cured from digital dermatitis were compared between each group of medically treated feet and the control feet, assuming the feet to be independent observations with respect to curing. Oxytetracycline was significantly more effective than hoof trimming alone (p=0.87 and 0.34, respectively; P<0.001) and than glutaraldehyde (p=0.41; P=0.004). Treatment with glutaraldehyde was no more effective than hoof trimming alone. In Experiment II, a specially designed footbath with two longitudinal compartments was used to study the effectiveness of a solution of acidic ionised copper in preventing or curing digital dermatitis. The footbath--using water in one compartment--was constructed to make within-cow comparisons of treatment efficacy possible. The hoof health of 44 dairy cows (also included in Experiment I) were studied when the animals first were turned out to pasture and at the end of the grazing season (approximately 6 months later). During the grazing season, the cows were walked through the footbath twice daily after milking for a total of 47 days, divided into five separate periods ranging in length from 3 to 16 days. As judged by a two-sample comparison of proportions, a higher proportion of the cows' hind feet that were affected by dermatitis were cured by the copper solution (20/24) than by water alone (12/23). The copper solution had no significant preventive effect on healthy feet.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Copper; Dermatitis; Disinfectants; Female; Foot Diseases; Glutaral; Hoof and Claw; Hygiene; Oxytetracycline; Seasons; Treatment Outcome; Walking

To determine whether there would be detectable antibiotic residues in milk obtained from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) after topical treatment with oxytetracycline.. Randomized controlled clinical trial.. 28 lactating Holstein cows with PDD.. Cows were assigned to 2 treatment groups. Treatment 1 (n = 16) consisted of spraying of PDD lesions with 15 ml of a solution containing 100 mg of oxytetracycline/ml; lesions were sprayed twice daily for 7 days, using a garden sprayer. Treatment 2 (n = 12) consisted of a one-time application of a bandage that consisted of cotton soaked with 20 ml of a solution containing 100 mg of oxytetracycline/ml. Milk samples were obtained before and after treatment and assayed for tetracycline content by use of high-performance liquid chromatography and a commercially available tetracycline screening test.. None of the cows in either treatment group had violative residues of oxytetracycline in milk samples.. Producers treating lactating cows that have PDD, via topical application of oxytetracycline solution at the concentrations reported in this study, have a low risk of causing violative antibiotic residues in milk.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dermatitis; Drug Residues; Female; Foot Diseases; Hoof and Claw; Milk; Oxytetracycline; Papilloma; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Foot Diseases; Goats; Hoof and Claw; Injections, Intramuscular; Oxytetracycline

An outbreak of foot lameness in a dairy herd of 170 goats is described. The herd, that was kept mostly indoors, was attended between December 2006 and November 2007. During this period, 15% of the goats showed lameness with foot lesions and 24% of the goats showed lameness without foot lesions. The foot lesions consisted of cracks and erosions on the horn of the bulbs of the heel that in most cases extended along the internal side of the axial hoof wall. The clinical diagnosis was interdigital dermatitis. Annual milk production was lower in lame goats compared to those that were not lame (P<0.05). Furthermore, annual milk yield was significantly affected by the type of foot disease present and was significantly lower in cases with foot lesions than in the animals that were not lame (P<0.05) and also in the lame goats without foot lesions (P<0.05).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Foot Diseases; Goat Diseases; Goats; Greece; Hoof and Claw; Lactation; Lameness, Animal; Milk; Oxytetracycline

Factors associated with foot abscess were evaluated in a cohort of 3,322 suckling pigs reared on a woven-wire floor (wire diameter, 0.5 cm; size of openings, 1 x 3.8 cm). In bivariate analysis, foot abscess was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with postpartum sow illness, number of pigs born alive, and parity, but not with birthweight (P = 0.31) or time spent on wire flooring (P = 0.89). One oxytetracycline treatment (100 mg, IM) at birth or 1 treatment at birth and a second 5 to 7 days later reduced (P < 0.05) the risk of lesions by about half. Multivariate analyses indicated that pigs in large litters (> 10 pigs at birth) born to sows with postpartum illnesses had an increased risk (relative risk [RR], 3.77) of developing foot abscess, compared with pigs in small litters (< or = 10 pigs) born to unaffected sows. For sows without evidence of postpartum illness, pigs in large litters had a slightly increased risk (RR, 1.32) of developing foot abscess, compared with pigs in small litters. Pigs born to multiparous sows also had an increased risk (RR, 1.69) of developing foot abscess, compared with pigs born to primiparous sows. Similar risk estimates were obtained when logistic regression models included location farrowed (crate number) as a fixed effect, and when litter was a random effect in a logistic-binomial regression.

Topics: Abscess; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Suckling; Cohort Studies; Female; Foot Diseases; Housing, Animal; Incidence; Litter Size; Male; Oxytetracycline; Parity; Puerperal Disorders; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Swine; Swine Diseases

Prophylactic efficacy of 100 mg of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) given IM to neonatal pigs within 12 hours of birth was evaluated in a swine herd. The herd had a history of increased neonatal mortality, diarrhea, foot abscess, and arthritis in nursing pigs. Two trials were conducted in which liters and individual pigs were the treatment groups of interest. In both trials, OTC treatment failed to reduce mortality, diarrhea, or arthritis or the need for subsequent antimicrobial therapy (P greater than 0.05). Preweaning weight gains were not increased (P greater than 0.05) in treated pigs. However, in the individual pig trial, foot abscess rates were significantly (P = 0.01) lower in treated pigs (3.7%) than in nontreated pigs (8%). Aerobic bacteria isolated from pigs with diarrhea, arthritis, or foot abscess had minimum inhibitory concentrations for OTC greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml or were classed as resistant on the basis of disk-diffusion tests.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Diarrhea; Female; Foot Diseases; Male; Oxytetracycline; Prognosis; Random Allocation; Swine; Swine Diseases; Weight Gain

Topics: Chlortetracycline; Foot Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycetoma; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Streptomycin

Topics: Acrodermatitis; Foot Diseases; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Nicotiana; Oxytetracycline; Psoriasis; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Acrodermatitis; Foot Diseases; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Psoriasis; Treatment Outcome