oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Fever

The experiment was set up to make a clinical comparison in 140 pneumonic calves of two injectable oxytetracycline formulations with different pharmacokinetic properties: Engemycin 10% DD and Terramycin LA. The animals were examined clinically on the day of admission (day 0) and 1, 2, 3, 6 and 21 days thereafter. Calves were treated on day 0 with either Engemycin 10% DD (n = 70) or Terramycin LA (n = 70) at a dose of 20 mg/kg. If animals were not cured after one single injection, a second or even third injection was given at day 3 and day 6 respectively. No significant differences between the two treatment groups were found with regard to the number of injections needed for a complete cure, the evolution of dyspnoea, or the restoration of appetite. Thus both preparations gave comparable recovery rates. A difference between the two groups existed in the evolution of body temperature during the test period: the return to a normal body temperature occurred more rapidly in the Engemycin 10% DD group. Regarding the tolerance aspects the degree of irritation depended in the preparation used. Calves treated with Engemycin 10% DD showed significantly less swelling of the injection site on day 1 then calves treated with Terramycin LA.

Topics: Animals; Appetite; Biological Availability; Body Temperature; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dyspnea; Fever; Injections, Intramuscular; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia

A prospective study to compare 3 different types of nasal pack after septoplasty with or without a supplementary turbinectomy has been performed with respect to discomfort and complications caused by the packing and the short-term results evaluated 3 months after operation. Fingerstall packings gave less problems than either Merocel or hydrocortisone-terramycine gauze packs with ventilation tubes. They were easier to remove and were associated with less persistent secretion in the post-operative period. No definite advantage from the patient's point of view has been demonstrated by the use of tubes and nasal packing. An analysis of the nasal patency 3 months post-operatively by peak-flow index and acoustic rhinometry revealed no differences between groups.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bandages; Female; Fever; Formaldehyde; Hematoma; Hemorrhage; Hemostatics; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Intubation; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Septum; Nose; Oxytetracycline; Petrolatum; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Pressure; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Ventilation; Surgical Sponges; Turbinates; Wound Healing

Topics: Ampicillin; Bronchopneumonia; Child, Preschool; Deficiency Diseases; Doxycycline; Female; Fever; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Measles; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of tulathromycin (DRAX) versus tilmicosin (MIC) or oxytetracycline (TET) as a metaphylactic antimicrobial in feedlot calves. Calves that received DRAX had significantly (P<.05) lower initial undifferentiated fever (UF) treatment and relapse rates; lower overall chronicity, overall mortality, and cause-specific mortality rates; higher average daily gains; and improved quality grades. However, calves that received DRAX also had poorer (P<.05) yield grades compared with calves that received MIC or TET and worse feed conversion compared with calves that received MIC. Net advantages in the DRAX group were 3.79CanDollars/animal and 16.96CanDollars/animal compared with the MIC and TET groups, respectively. Based on these results, DRAX is a more efficacious and cost-effective metaphylactic antimicrobial than MIC or TET in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing UF. In addition, this study presents a comparison between two methods ("deads out" and "deads in") of calculating feedlot performance variables.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Disaccharides; Eating; Female; Fever; Heterocyclic Compounds; Macrolides; Meat; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome; Tylosin; Weight Gain

The influence of endotoxin on the disposition kinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) (10 mg/kg) was investigated in five healthy ruminating male crossbred calves. The serum concentration-time data of OTC before and after endotoxin challenge were best described by a two-compartment open model. Repeated administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 microg/kg, i.v.) at an interval of 12 h up to 48 h produced a clear rise in the body temperature and an increase in the pulse and respiration rates. Endotoxin caused a significant reduction in mean transit time in tissue compartment (MTTT) (P < or = 0.05), mean residence time in the peripheral tissue compartment (MRTT) (P < or = 0.05), mean residence time in the body (MRTB) (P < or = 0.05), elimination half-life (t1/2lambda2) (P < or = 0.05) and distribution space in tissues (VT) (P < or = 0.01) and at steady-state (Vd(ss)) (P < or = 0.01). Endotoxin had no effect on the distribution clearance (ClD), systemic clearance (Cl) and distribution half-life of OTC, while the values of first order rate constant of transfer of drug from tissue to central compartment (K21) and the zero time intercept at terminal phase (C2) were significantly high. The drug dosage regimens to maintain serum OTC concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 microg/mL were also determined in febrile and clinically healthy animals.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Area Under Curve; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Fever; Injections, Intravenous; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Oxytetracycline

A field trial was performed under commercial feedlot conditions in western Canada to compare the efficacy of a new formulation of long-acting oxytetracycline (LA 30) to a standard long-acting oxytetracycline formulation (LA 20) and florfenicol (FLOR) for the treatment of undifferentiated fever (UF) in calves that received metaphylactic tilmicosin upon arrival at the feed-lot. Seven hundred and ninety-seven recently weaned, auction market derived, crossbred, beef calves suffering from UF were allocated to 1 of 3 experimental groups as follows: LA 30, which received intramuscular long-acting oxytetracycline (300 mg/mL formulation) at the rate of 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) at the time of allocation; LA 20, which received intramuscular long-acting oxytetracycline (200 mg/mL formulation) at the rate of 20 mg/kg BW at the time of allocation; or FLOR, which received intramuscular florfenicol administered at the rate of 20 mg/kg BW at the time of allocation and again 48 hours later. Two hundred and sixty-six animals were allocated to the LA 30 group, 265 animals were allocated to the LA 20 group, and 266 animals were allocated to the FLOR group. The relative efficacy of the LA 30 group, as compared with the LA 20 and FLOR groups, was assessed by comparing relapse, chronicity, wastage, and mortality rates. The overall mortality (RR = 0.50) rate in the LA 30 group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the LA 20 group. However, the overall chronicity (RR = 2.56) and overall wastage (RR = 6.97) rates of the LA 30 group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the LA 20 group. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in UF relapse rates or cause specific mortality rates between the LA 30 and LA 20 groups. In the economic analysis, there was an advantage of $28.59 CDN per animal in the LA 30 group compared with the LA 20 group. The overall chronicity (RR = 2.25) and overall wastage (RR = 2.80) rates of the LA 30 group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the FLOR group. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in UF relapse rates, overall mortality rates, or cause specific mortality rates between the LA 30 and FLOR groups. In the economic analysis, there was an advantage of $12.90 CDN per animal in the LA 30 group compared with the FLOR group. In summary, the results of this study indicate that it is more cost-effective to use a new formulation of long-acting oxytetracycline (300 mg/mL formulation administered at a rate of 30 mg/k

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chronic Disease; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Fever; Injections, Intramuscular; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Recurrence; Thiamphenicol; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss

The pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of oxytetracycline were determined in healthy and febrile cross-bred calves following its single intravenous administration (10 mg kg-1). Fever was induced by a single intravenous injection of E. coli endotoxin (1 microgram kg-1 i.v.). The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and the apparent volume of distribution [vd(area)] were slightly increased in febrile calves, as compared to healthy animals. The values of t1/2 beta and Vd(area) were 3.22 +/- 0.20 h and 0.49 +/- 0.02 L. kg-1 in healthy calves and 4.06 +/- 0.32 h and 0.70 +/- 0.09 L kg-1, respectively, in febrile calves. An intravenous dosage regimen suitable for maintaining the minimum therapeutic plasma concentration of > or = 2 micrograms/ml in febrile animals would be 10 mg kg-1 repeated at 12-h intervals.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Fever; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Lipopolysaccharides; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ehrlichiosis; Female; Fever; Horse Diseases; Horses; Ontario; Oxytetracycline

Danofloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug was evaluated in the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonia in recently housed beef cattle of approximately 300 kg liveweight. The clinical responses of 67 pneumonic cattle treated with danofloxacin were compared with those of 65 cattle treated with oxytetracycline, both treatments being given by intramuscular injection for either three or five days, depending on clinical response. Both treatments resulted in a rapid fall in group mean rectal temperature and improved the clinical condition of the majority of cases. However, in comparison with oxytetracycline, danofloxacin therapy was characterised by significantly fewer treatment days, a higher response rate, significantly better reduction of pyrexia and fewer cattle requiring re-treatment.

Topics: 4-Quinolones; Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Body Temperature; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Drug Evaluation; Fever; Fluoroquinolones; Housing, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia

Bos taurus calves free from tick-borne diseases were prophylactically treated with oxytetracycline hydrochloride and phenamidine isothionate 40% (w/v) injections and infested twice with adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. Mono- and diphasic temperature rises were observed during primary and secondary exposures respectively with the peak occurring when the ticks were completing engorgement. However, the first rise in the secondary infestation occurred well before repletion and was associated with a hypersensitivity state. The feeding performance, viability and fecundity of female ticks were impaired during the secondary exposure.

Topics: Amidines; Animals; Benzamidines; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fever; Male; Oxytetracycline; Phenyl Ethers; Tick Infestations; Tick Toxicoses; Ticks

Acholeplasma axanthum sp. was isolated from the lung of swine with catarrhal pneumonia. Clinical symptoms of respiratory disease, gross and histological lesions of pneumonia, as well as serological response were produced by intranasal inoculation of ;miniature pigs' with the supernatant of lung suspension containing Acholeplasma axanthum and by a 48 hr. broth culture of the strain.A similar picture of disease was observed in animals held in contact with the animals inoculated with untreated lung suspension. Acholeplasma axanthum was isolated from the nasal cavity, lung and peribronchial lymph nodes 7-41 days after inoculation. No lesions were observed after inoculation of pigs with the supernatant of lung suspension pretreated with oxytetracycline or chloroform, and no successful isolation of Acholeplasma axanthum could be achieved after this treatment.

Topics: Animals; Bronchi; Chloroform; Fever; Hemagglutination Tests; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Mycoplasma; Nasal Mucosa; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia; Pulmonary Alveoli; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chloramphenicol; Fever; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Spectinomycin

Topics: Adult; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Female; Fever; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia

Topics: Animals; Anura; Atropine; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chloramphenicol; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ethiopia; Female; Fever; Oxytetracycline; Pain; Paralysis; Poisoning; Prednisolone; Vomiting

Topics: Animals; Colic; Diarrhea; Dyspnea; Electrocardiography; Feces; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Fever; Hemodynamics; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Tachycardia

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Bone Marrow Examination; Coombs Test; Edema; Female; Fever; Humans; Infant; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Prednisone; Spleen

Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Female; Fever; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Q Fever; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Coma; Fever; Humans; Infant; Male; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Fever; Finland; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Milk; Oxytetracycline; Serologic Tests; Sulfamethazine; Ticks

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bismuth; Female; Fever; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillins; Syphilis

Topics: Adolescent; Chloramphenicol; Cysts; Echinococcosis; Echinococcosis, Hepatic; Fever; Jaundice; Liver; Oxytetracycline; Pain; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Rifamycins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Suppuration; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Bacteroides; Chlortetracycline; Clostridium; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Fever; Intestines; Klebsiella; Lactobacillus; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Pharmacology; Proteus; Research; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Child; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Erythromycin; Fever; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Propionates; Sulfadimethoxine; Sulfamethoxypyridazine; Sulfisomidine; Sulfonamides; Troleandomycin

Topics: Cobalt; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Fever; Oxytetracycline; Radiation Injuries; Radioactivity; Radiotherapy; Radium

Topics: Child; Drug Eruptions; Fever; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Fever; Oxytetracycline; Tick Bites

Topics: Fever; Oxytetracycline; Rickettsia Infections