oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Enterobacteriaceae-Infections

To determine whether antibiotic and supportive treatment would improve outcome for dairy cows with naturally developing clinical mastitis, compared with supportive treatment alone.. Randomized controlled trial.. 124 cows in one herd with 172 episodes of clinical mastitis.. Cows were examined at the onset of clinical mastitis, assigned a severity score, and randomly assigned to receive antibiotic (intramammary administration of cephapirin, i.v. administration of oxytetracycline, or both) and supportive treatment (administration of oxytocin, stripping of affected glands, and, in severely affected cows, administration of flunixin meglumine or fluids) or supportive treatment alone. Treatment was continued until 24 hours after signs of clinical mastitis resolved (clinical cure). Milk samples from affected glands were submitted for bacterial culture before initial treatment and every 2 weeks thereafter until the causative organism was no longer isolated (bacteriologic cure).. When mastitis was caused by Streptococcus spp or coliform bacteria, clinical cure rate by the tenth milking was significantly higher if antibiotics were used. Bacteriologic cure rate at 14 days was significantly higher when antibiotics were used, particularly if mastitis was caused by Streptococcus spp. Cows receiving antibiotics developed fewer subsequent episodes of clinical mastitis during the 60 days after the initial episode of mastitis and had less severe clinical disease than cows that did not.. Results suggest that, in herds in which mastitis is often caused by environmental bacteria, antibiotic and supportive treatment may result in a better outcome for cows with clinical mastitis than supportive treatment alone.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cephalosporins; Cephapirin; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Recurrence; Severity of Illness Index; Streptococcal Infections; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dermatomycoses; Drug Tolerance; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Erythema; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Placebos; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Doxycycline; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes; Thoracic Diseases; Time Factors

Respiratory diseases are the second most common cause of illnesses in horses, their etiology can be viral, bacterial, immune-mediated, or mechanical (Racklyeft and Love DN, Aust Vet J 78:549-59, 2000; Austin et al., J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:325-328, 1995; Arroyo et al., J Vet Intern Med 31:894-900, 2017). Klebsiella variicola is a Gram-negative bacterium that was initially identified as an endophyte in soil and plants such as bananas, rice, sugar cane and maize but recent studies have identified this microorganism as an emerging pathogen in humans (Rodríguez-Medina et al., Emerg Microbes Infect 8:973-988, 2019; Fontana et al., J Clin Microbiol 57:e00825-18, 2019; Rosenblueth et al., Syst Appl Microbiol 27:27-35, 2004). This paper describes, for the first time to our knowledge, the isolation of K. variicola from pleural effusion in a male adult horse.. 17-years Italian Saddle Horse with respiratory distress and fever was admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna. At home, the patient had undergone antibiotic therapy without clinical improvement. Vital signs on admission revealed an increased respiratory rate, tachycardia, pyrexia and weight loss. The animal was submitted for collateral examination including thoracic radiology and ultrasound and thoracoscopy that showed bilateral pleural effusion associated with multifocal pulmonary atelectasis. During the thoracoscopic examination, that confirmed the presence of a seropurulent pleural effusion, a sample of pleural fluid was collected and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) that allowed the identification of K. variicola. The isolate was sensitive to amikacin, cefazolin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole;the horse was treated with Oxytetracycline and amikacin. Despite a general health improvement of the subject, the pleural effusion did not resolve after treatment.. This paper describes, for the first time, the isolation of K. variicola in a horse with respiratory disease. The misidentification between K. variicola and K. pneumoniae has caused unawareness about significant aspects of this bacterial species. In fact, even though in animals the role of this bacterium is not clear, in humans it has been recognized as an emerging pathogen. The use of new methods for bacterial identification will probably lead to the isolation of a greater number of strains which will have to be studied to acquire knowledge that will be useful to clarify the clinical importance and relevance of K. variicola also in animals.

Topics: Amikacin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Horse Diseases; Horses; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Pleural Effusion; Pulmonary Atelectasis

Edwardsiella tarda is a virulent fish pathogen that causes extensive economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. The antibiotic resistance status of E. tarda is high, especially in the biofilm status; however, the mechanisms underlying its resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics methods were used to compare the differential expression of E. tarda in response to oxytetracycline (OXY) stress in biofilm. Additional bioinformatics analysis demonstrated an increasing abundance of translation-related proteins, especially ribosomal subunits, and a decreasing abundance of key metabolic pathways underlying the adaptation of E. tarda to OXY in biofilm. We performed Western blotting and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses to validate selected proteomics results, and measured enzyme activity to verify the antibiotic resistance functions of central metabolic pathways. In addition, we examined the antibiotic susceptibility of a mutant of an NADP-dependent malic enzyme (MaeB), which is involved in the bacterial tricarboxylic acid cycle, and found significantly increased resistance to OXY in biofilm. Our findings demonstrate the importance of central metabolic pathways in the antibiotic resistance of E. tarda to bacterial biofilms and provide insight into the prevention of this resistance, which would aid in disease control.. The antibiotics resistance mechanisms in E. tarda have been well documented recently; however, its response to antibiotics in biofilms remains elusive. Our current study is the first exploratory report investigating this aspect via an iTARQ-based quantitative proteomics method. Several important proteins, related processes, and metabolic pathways were found to be involved in OXY fitness in biofilm status. Most importantly, the depletion of the maeB gene decreased the susceptibility of E. tarda to OXY indicating the important role of central metabolic pathways in antibiotics resistance in biofilm.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Proteomics

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance and non-specific immune responses in starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus. Fish averaging 46.5 ± 0.65 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets; one control (Cont), and five other diets were prepared by supplementing single-probiotics 1 (Bacillus subtilis; SP

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Aspergillus oryzae; Bacillales; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diet; Disease Resistance; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Flounder; Oxytetracycline; Probiotics; Random Allocation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Edwardsiellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in eels. Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) isolates (n=94) from diseased eels were screened against the eight most commonly used antimicrobial agents in aquaculture in Taiwan. These isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin, amoxicillin, florfenicol, oxolinic acid and flumequine. In total, 20 of the 94 (21.3 per cent) isolates tested were resistant to oxytetracycline (OTC). Among the 20 tetracycline-resistant E. tarda isolates, tet(A) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 100 per cent of the isolates, whereas 90 per cent of these isolates carried the tet(M) determinant. The efflux pump inhibitor omeprazole reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of OTC for these isolates by twofold to eightfold, suggesting that an intact efflux pump, presumably encoded by tet(A), is required for high-level tetracycline resistance. Real-time PCR experiments showed that increased expression levels of tet(A) and tet(R) could contribute to OTC resistance. Southern blot hybridisation also confirmed that the 20 OTC-resistant E. tarda isolates all carried the TetA determinant on a plasmid that is approximately 50 or 70 kb in size, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) showed that the tet(A) gene was located on an 8-10 kb EcoRI fragment in all of these plasmids. The same plasmid type and RFLP patterns were detected across different farms in the same region, but differences in their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were observed. This suggests a possible role for horizontal spreading and local transmission of the plasmid in the OTC-resistant E. tarda population of eels from two different geographic origins.

Topics: Animals; Edwardsiella tarda; Eels; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Oxytetracycline; Taiwan; Tetracycline Resistance

Germs in patients suffering from nonspecific odontogenous infections described in a previous paper were analysed with regard to their resistance to chemotherapy (1964 to 1971). At the same time it was discovered that in the bacteria groups: staphyloccocus aureus, streptococci and pneumococci and enterobacteriaceae plus pseudomonas (344 strains) their sensitivity to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracyclin, erythromycin, polymyxin B and nifurantin varied in several and significant ways. Significant changes were established in the resistance of staphylococcus aureus to all the potentially effective antibiotics, while from 1969 to 1971 the strains with the least resistance appeared. In the 1970 to 1971 period strepto- and pneumococci showed insensitivity to penicillin and streptomycin more frequently than before. From 1969 to 1971 entero-bacteriaceae and pseudomonas also showed evidence of increasing loss of sensitivity to chloramphenicol and oxytetracyclin, whereas the frequency of strains resistant to polymyxin B and nifurantine diminished. The findings are being discussed.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Erythromycin; Focal Infection, Dental; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitrofurantoin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumococcal Infections; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Doxycycline; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Methacycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Edwardsiella tarda, an enteric, gram-negative bacterium, causes gas-filled, malodorous lesions in muscle tissue of channel catfish. Incidence and epizootiology of the disease are presented.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Diet; Disease Outbreaks; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Kidney; Oxytetracycline; Salmonidae

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Serratia marcescens; Surgical Wound Infection; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Epistaxis; Focal Infection; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tampons, Surgical

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Aged; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Time Factors