oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Enteritis

Soyabean meal (SBM)-induced enteritis in the distal intestine of the teleost Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and other salmonids may be considered a model for diet-related mucosal disorders in other animals and man. The role of the intestinal microbiota in its pathogenesis was explored. Compared to diets containing fishmeal (FM) as the sole protein source, responses to extracted SBM or the prebiotic inulin, with or without oxytetracycline (OTC) inclusion, were studied following a 3-week feeding trial. Intestinal microbiota, organosomatic indices and histology, as well as immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and caspase-3-positive cells in the distal intestine, were studied. Distal intestine somatic indices (DISI) were higher in inulin and lower in SBM compared to FM-fed fish. The low DISI caused by SBM corresponded with histological changes, neither of which was affected by OTC, despite a significant decrease in adherent bacteria count. Image analysis of PCNA-stained sections showed a significant increase in the proliferative compartment length in SBM-fed fish, accompanied by apparent increases in reactivity to HSP70 and caspase-3 along the mucosal folds, indicating induction of cellular repair and apoptosis, respectively. Fish fed the SBM diet had higher total number as well as a more diverse population composition of adherent bacteria in the distal intestine. Thus SBM-induced enteritis is accompanied by induction of distal intestinal epithelial cell protective responses and changes in microbiota. Putative involvement of bacteria in the inflammatory response merits further investigation.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Bacteria; Body Constitution; Caspase 3; Cell Proliferation; Diet; Enteritis; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Glycine max; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Inulin; Oxytetracycline; Probiotics; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Salmo salar

A selective medium was used to isolate Yersinia sp from the intestinal tract of 222 scouring cattle in Gippsland during 1985 and 1986. Intestinal infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis, particularly of serotype III, was found to be especially prevalent in weaned calves, yearlings and young adult cattle. Clinically affected cattle had a profuse liquid diarrhoea and many were systemically ill. Haematological changes suggestive of infection were present in 38 of 49 of these cattle. At least 35 cattle died and characteristic microabscesses were demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa of 20 of 26 examined histologically. Y. pseudotuberculosis was sensitive to tetracyclines in vitro and this drug produced a rapid bacteriological cure. Yersiniosis occurred during the winter, spring and early summer. Challenge of adult cattle with Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III did not result in intestinal colonisation or clinical disease. Intestinal infection was, however, established in 4 weaned calves and haematological changes and antibody production were demonstrated in them. Intestinal microabscesses were seen in three calves killed on days 8, 14 and 18 after challenge. The fourth calf eliminated infection by day 18 and no lesions were demonstrated when it was killed on day 72. There is a very high prevalence of antibodies reacting with Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III in adult cattle. It is concluded that cattle are a common host for this bacterium, infection being frequent, with clinical and fatal disease occurring occasionally. The factors leading to clinical disease are unknown.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Colony Count, Microbial; Enteritis; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Seasons; Victoria; Yersinia Infections; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis, associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, was diagnosed in a 3.5-year-old German Shepherd Dog with chronic intermittent diarrhea, using bacteriologic culture of duodenal juice and histologic examination of jejunal biopsy specimens. Oral administration of oxytetracycline alone resulted in clinical improvement and a marked decrease in the jejunal mononuclear cell infiltrate. Additional treatment with prednisolone administered orally resulted in almost complete clinical and histologic recovery. This case illustrates that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may have to be considered as an underlying cause of lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis in the dog and that antibiotic treatment may be necessary to attain remission.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Diarrhea; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enteritis; Female; Jejunum; Lymphocytes; Oxytetracycline; Plasma Cells; Prednisolone

Rabbit mucoid enteritis (mucoid enteropathy) is a subacute fatal disease of weanling rabbits with unknown cause. Mucoid enteritis was experimentally produced by ligating the large intestines in rabbits. Of the rabbits with ligated cecum and those with ligated colon, 70% and 45%, respectively, had excessive production of mucus and passed large amounts of mucus with feces, closely resembling the naturally occurring mucoid enteritis. Injection of oxytetracycline into the cecum at the time of ligation prevented the development of mucoid enteritis, and injection of cholestyramine markedly reduced the frequency of the disease in the rabbits with ligated cecum.

Topics: Animals; Cecum; Cholestyramine Resin; Colon; Constipation; Enteritis; Escherichia coli; Inflammation; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Large; Ligation; Mucus; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits

Necrotic typhlitis, often accompanied with necrotic liver foci, was frequently observed in a conventional rabbit colony during the years 1965-1969. Although different serotypes of Escherichia coli could be cultured from the diseased caeca, many cases occurred from which no Escherichia coli could be isolated. Assuming that the disease might be bacteriological in origin, tetracycline was administered, and mortality decreased. The prevalence of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli strains makes application of an alternative therapy desirable.

Topics: Animals; Cecum; Enteritis; Escherichia coli; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchopneumonia; Chloramphenicol; Corneal Ulcer; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Postoperative Complications; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Uterine Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlortetracycline; Developing Countries; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Growth; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Malabsorption Syndromes; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Body Weight; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Enteritis; Intestines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Poultry Diseases; Staining and Labeling; Streptomycin; Turkeys; Viruses

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Enteritis; Humans; Infant; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhimurium

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Depression, Chemical; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enteritis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin; USSR

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Child; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Enteritis; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Nalidixic Acid; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Polymyxins; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Viomycin

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enteritis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Germany, East; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Infant; Methods; Oxytetracycline; Serotyping; Streptomycin

Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Child; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enteritis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Glutamates; Glycine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Oxytetracycline; Proline; Serine; Streptomycin; Viomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enteritis; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Yuill, Thomas M. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), and Robert P. Hanson. Coliform enteritis of cottontail rabbits. J. Bacteriol. 89:1-8. 1965.-Mortality from enteritis occurred among 78 penned adult cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) during severe winter weather, and in 9 juvenile rabbits held in captivity during the summer. This mortality was associated with high numbers of Escherichia coli throughout the intestinal tract. Grossly normal cottontails from the laboratory, from the outdoor penned colony, and from the wild had few E. coli, and these were usually restricted to the lower gut. It was possible to induce mortality of adult rabbits by holding them at -20 C for 2 to 14 days. The animals that died during exposure to low temperatures had signs of enteritis and high numbers of E. coli throughout the intestinal tract. It was possible to prolong the life of cottontails held at -20 C by antibiotic suppression of their intestinal E. coli. A marked slowing in the rate of passage of materials through the intestine ensued after exposure at -20 C. This phenomenon may have been important in the alteration of the distribution of the intestinal microflora. Limited infection by E. coli occurs in rabbits in the wild. Of 47 serum samples from grossly normal cottontails collected in the wild, 42 contained E. coli agglutinins. The rabbit's defenses are apparently sufficient to control this organism under all but extremely unfavorable circumstances. The age of the rabbit appeared to influence its susceptibility to enteritis. Juvenile rabbits experienced enteritis, tissue invasion, and death under conditions which did not produce any enteric changes in adults.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antibodies; Drug Therapy; Endotoxins; Enteritis; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Intestines; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Rabbits; Seasons

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enteritis; Enterocolitis; Erythromycin; Feces; Hungary; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxins; Streptomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Clioquinol; Colistin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enteritis; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Neomycin; Nitrofurantoin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Phenanthrolines; Proteus Infections; Quinones; Rolitetracycline; Streptomycin; Sulfisomidine; Tetracycline

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Child; Enteritis; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline; Tracheophyta

Topics: Chlortetracycline; Enteritis; Micrococcus; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin

Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Dairy Products; Enteritis; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Milk; Oxytetracycline; Swine

Topics: Bacteriology; Enteritis; Infections; Micrococcus; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Enteritis; Infections; Intestines; Lung Diseases; Micrococcus; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Child; Chloramphenicol; Enteritis; Enterocolitis; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Child; Enteritis; Humans; Infant; Infections; Micrococcus; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Bacteriology; Enteritis; Fractures, Bone; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections; Tibia

Topics: Bacteriology; Chlortetracycline; Enteritis; Micrococcus; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Bacteriology; Chlortetracycline; Enteritis; Enterocolitis; Intestinal Diseases; Micrococcus; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Bacteriology; Bronchitis; Colitis; Enteritis; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Colitis; Enteritis; Enterocolitis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Shock; Staphylococcus