oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Diarrhea

The majority of antimicrobials given during the production of pigs are given to nursery pigs. The influence of antimicrobial use on the levels of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes is important to quantify to be able to assess the impact of resistance on the food chain and risk to human and animal health.. This study investigated the response on the levels of nine AMR genes to five different treatment strategies with oxytetracycline, and the dynamics of gene abundance over time by following 1167 pigs from five different farms in Denmark. The results showed no significant difference between treatments and an increase in abundance for the efflux pump encoding tet(A) gene and the genes encoding the ribosomal protection proteins tet(O) and tet(W) tetracycline resistant genes following treatment, while tet(M) showed no response to treatment. However, it was also observed that the levels of tet(O), tet(W), and ermB in some farms would drift more over time compared to a single treatment-course with antibiotic.. This study underlines the large variation in AMR levels under natural conditions and the need for increased investigation of the complex interactions of antimicrobial treatment and other environmental and managerial practices in swine production on AMR gene abundance.

Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Denmark; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Diarrhea; Farms; Feces; Genes, MDR; Lawsonia Bacteria; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetracycline Resistance

Oral treatment with antimicrobials is widely used in pig production for the control of gastrointestinal infections. Lawsonia intracellularis (LI) causes enteritis in pigs older than six weeks of age and is commonly treated with antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three oral dosage regimens (5, 10 and 20mg/kg body weight) of oxytetracycline (OTC) in drinking water over a five-day period on diarrhoea, faecal shedding of LI and average daily weight gain (ADG). A randomised clinical trial was carried out in four Danish pig herds. In total, 539 animals from 37 batches of nursery pigs were included in the study. The dosage regimens were randomly allocated to each batch and initiated at presence of assumed LI-related diarrhoea. In general, all OTC doses used for the treatment of LI infection resulted in reduced diarrhoea and LI shedding after treatment. Treatment with a low dose of 5mg/kg OTC per kg body weight, however, tended to cause more watery faeces and resulted in higher odds of pigs shedding LI above detection level when compared to medium and high doses (with odds ratios of 5.5 and 8.4, respectively). No association was found between the dose of OTC and the ADG. In conclusion, a dose of 5mg OTC per kg body weight was adequate for reducing the high-level LI shedding associated with enteropathy, but a dose of 10mg OTC per kg body weight was necessary to obtain a maximum reduction in LI shedding.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Shedding; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Diarrhea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feces; Female; Lawsonia Bacteria; Male; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases; Weight Gain

Antimicrobial consumption in animal husbandry is of great scientific and political concern due to the risk of selection of resistant bacteria. Whilst a reduction in the use of antimicrobials is therefore preferable, the efficacy of treatment must be maintained in order to ensure animal welfare and profitability of pig production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three treatment strategies under field conditions against Lawsonia intracellularis (LI)-related diarrhoea. A randomised clinical trial was carried out in four Danish pig herds, including a total of 520 pigs from 36 nursery batches. A high prevalence of LI was demonstrated in all herds prior to the initiation of the study. Treatment efficacy was assessed by faecal shedding of LI, the occurrence of diarrhoea and average daily weight gain (ADG) after treatment. All strategies were implemented at batch level at presence of LI-related diarrhoea and included daily treatment with 10mg oxytetracycline (OTC) per kilogram of bodyweight for 5 days, though the OTC was administered differently: either by oral treatment of all pigs in a batch, by oral treatment of pigs in diarrhoeic pens only, or by intramuscular treatment of individual diarrhoeic pigs only. The treatment strategies were randomly allocated to batches and were initiated at the presence of diarrhoea. From the included batches, 100% of the trial pigs were medicated in the batch treatment strategy, 87% in the pen treatment strategy and 55% in the individual treatment strategy. All strategies reduced the occurrence of diarrhoea and faecal shedding of LI after treatment. However, batch treatment was found to be most efficient in reducing both high-level LI shedding and diarrhoea when compared to the treatment of diarrhoeic pens or individual diarrhoeic pigs. There was no significant difference identified in ADG between the treatment strategies. In conclusion, batch treatment of all pigs in a section resulted in the highest efficacy for reducing diarrhoea and faecal shedding of LI.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Shedding; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Lawsonia Bacteria; Male; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Weight Gain

Augmentin and oxytetracycline were compared in the treatment of chest infections in general practice in an investigator-blind study of 748 patients randomly allocated to 7 days' treatment with standard doses of either Augmentin or oxytetracycline. Significantly more patients treated with Augmentin had a good overall response to therapy both at day 7 (P less than 0.001) and at day 14 (P less than 0.01). The differences between treatments were less marked for individual signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections, due to smaller numbers of patients with any particular symptom. Augmentin, however, was significantly more effective than oxytetracycline in the resolution of chest pain at day 7 (P less than 0.025) and cough at day 14 (P less than 0.005). Sputum purulence was also cleared more effectively by Augmentin by day 14 (P less than 0.001). Both treatments were well tolerated, with no significant difference between treatments in the small number of adverse events. Augmentin has been shown to be an effective, well tolerated treatment for chest infections, superior to oxytetracycline in efficacy and possibly in speed of resolution of clinical symptoms.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Clavulanic Acids; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Drug Combinations; Humans; Middle Aged; Nausea; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum

Topics: Adult; Amines; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Dyspnea; Female; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Penicillins; Sputum

Topics: Acute Disease; Ampicillin; Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diaper Rash; Diarrhea; Erythema; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Mitosporic Fungi; Otitis Media; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Sulfisoxazole; Urticaria; Vomiting

The diarrhoea incidence rate is often high among weaning piglets. In light of the fact that Cortex phellodendri has long been used to treat diarrhoea in China, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cortex Phellodendri Extract (CPE) on diarrhoea in weaning piglets and the mechanism behind such effects. In the first trial, 36 diarrhoeal weaning piglets were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was injected with 20 mg oxytetracycline/kg BW, while the two treatment groups were orally administered with 10 mg and 20 mg CPE/kg BW respectively. In the second trial, 96 weaning piglets were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed basal diet, while 300 mg CPE/kg BW was added to the diet of the treatment group. The pathogenic bacteria were then isolated and identified from the diarrhoeal faecal samples. Cell adhesion and RT-PCR tests were used to investigate the effect of CPE on the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to IPEC-J2 cells. 16S rDNA-based high-throughput sequencing was used to analyse faecal microflora. The results showed that CPE reduced the diarrhoea incidence rate (p < 0.05) and diarrhoea index (p < 0.05) compared to control group, and increased the richness and evenness of weaning piglets' gut microbiota. Escherichia coli (E. coil) was identified as the causative organism. Cell adhesion and RT-PCR tests suggested that CPE reduced the adhesion of E. coli to IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05) and the expression of fae and faeG gene (p < 0.05) responsible for encoding E. coli fimbriae protein.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animal Feed; Animals; Diarrhea; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Injections; Male; Oxytetracycline; Plant Extracts; Random Allocation; Sus scrofa; Swine; Swine Diseases; Weaning

Identify the cause of outbreaks of diarrhoea during winter that are not attributable to gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned Merino sheep in the high rainfall regions of south-eastern Australia and determine the efficacy of antimicrobials used to treat this syndrome.. We investigated 45 outbreaks on 24 farms. Faecal samples from affected animals were cultured for Yersinia, Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. Risk factors, including rainfall, temperature and worm egg count (WEC), were assessed. Yersinia spp. were identified with molecular tests and susceptibility to four antimicrobials was determined.. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype III and virulent Y. enterocolitica were most frequently isolated. The frequency and severity of disease varied between region, farm and year. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was detected only during winter, but Y. enterocolitica was present in all seasons. Pathogenic Yersinia species were more often isolated when WECs exceeded 500 eggs/g. A high proportion of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis were resistant to sulfafurazole (64% and 86.9%, respectively).. A bacterial enteritis caused by pathogenic Yersinia was the cause of the winter scours syndrome in the 24 flocks investigated. The use of molecular testing increased the sensitivity of detection and identification of Yersinia spp. No clear association between weather, WEC and disease was established, suggesting complex interactions between risk factors are more important than any single factor. Sulfonamides should not be routinely used to treat this syndrome. Rather, during an outbreak the targeted use of an effective antimicrobial, such as oxytetracycline, should be integrated with grazing management strategies, including moving affected mobs onto lower risk pastures and decreasing the stocking rate.

Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Autopsy; Campylobacter; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Feces; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella; Seasons; Serotyping; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; South Australia; Sulfonamides; Treatment Outcome; Yersinia

A randomized intervention study was conducted to determine if discontinuing use of calf milk replacer medicated with oxytetracycline results in increased tetracycline susceptibility in Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli in dairy calves over a 12-month period. Dairy herds with enteric bacteria with known low tetracycline susceptibility were enrolled for the study. Fecal samples from preweaned calves and environmental samples were collected from eight dairy herds in Michigan and New York State. Samples were collected monthly for 3 months prior to and 12 months after four of the eight herds discontinued medicated milk replacer feeding. Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. and E. coli were isolated, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using automated broth microdilution. A total of 804 intervention and 1,026 control calf fecal samples and 122 intervention and 136 control environmental samples were collected for testing. No differences in owner-reported morbidity and mortality between treatment groups were seen. The intervention was significantly associated with increasing tetracycline susceptibility in E. coli and Salmonella. Tetracycline susceptibility increased in intervention herds for the first 3 months after switching to nonmedicated milk replacer but declined in subsequent months. Discontinuing the practice of feeding medicated milk replacers to calves increased tetracycline susceptibility in E. coli and Salmonella on dairy farms, without increasing cattle disease, but declines in effectiveness after 3 months suggest that other factors contribute to decreasing susceptibility on the farm.

Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Feces; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Milk; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella; Tetracycline; Weaning

Forty-five Holstein calves were fed milk replacers containing either antibiotics [MRA (oxytetracycline at 138 mg/kg and neomycin at 276 mg/kg), n = 22)] or Enteroguard [MRE, a blend of fructooligosaccharides, allicin, and gut-active microbes at (129 mg/kg, n = 23)] from birth to 5 wk of age to compare effects on average daily gain and on incidence of scours. Performance was evaluated by measuring weight gain, feed efficiency, and fecal scores. The overall body weight gains and severity of scours were not different between treatments, nor were there differences in starter intake or mean body weight gain. During wk 2, the average gain of calves fed MRA was less than that of calves fed MRE (0.07 vs. 0.09 kg/d, P = 0.09), and greater during wk 5 (0.62 vs. 0.51 kg/d, P < 0.01); however, total gain for calves fed MRE was not different from calves fed MRA. Likewise, average feed efficiencies (gain/dry matter intake) were not different. Severity of scours, as measured by fecal scores, and concentrations of serum proteins, an indirect measure of immunoglobulins, were similar for calves fed MRA and MRE. The results suggest that antibiotics in milk replacers can be replaced with compounds such as fructooligosaccharides, probiotics, and allicin to obtain similar calf performance.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Cattle; Diarrhea; Disulfides; Feces; Female; Food, Formulated; Incidence; Male; Neomycin; Oligosaccharides; Oxytetracycline; Probiotics; Random Allocation; Sulfinic Acids; Weight Gain

Prophylactic efficacy of 100 mg of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) given IM to neonatal pigs within 12 hours of birth was evaluated in a swine herd. The herd had a history of increased neonatal mortality, diarrhea, foot abscess, and arthritis in nursing pigs. Two trials were conducted in which liters and individual pigs were the treatment groups of interest. In both trials, OTC treatment failed to reduce mortality, diarrhea, or arthritis or the need for subsequent antimicrobial therapy (P greater than 0.05). Preweaning weight gains were not increased (P greater than 0.05) in treated pigs. However, in the individual pig trial, foot abscess rates were significantly (P = 0.01) lower in treated pigs (3.7%) than in nontreated pigs (8%). Aerobic bacteria isolated from pigs with diarrhea, arthritis, or foot abscess had minimum inhibitory concentrations for OTC greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml or were classed as resistant on the basis of disk-diffusion tests.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Diarrhea; Female; Foot Diseases; Male; Oxytetracycline; Prognosis; Random Allocation; Swine; Swine Diseases; Weight Gain

Investigators have found that oxytetracycline decreases the adhesion of K88+ Escherichia coli to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. This occurs with oxytetracycline-sensitive E coli at drug concentrations less than those required to prevent growth and with E coli that are resistant to the drug. We conducted experiments to determine whether oxytetracycline alters the disease caused by an oxytetracycline-resistant K88+ enterotoxigenic strain of E coli. Oxytetracycline-treated pigs (inoculated with K88+ E coli) did not differ from nontreated pigs in the incidence or severity of diarrhea, nor in the shedding of K88+ E coli. However, during recovery, weight gain by treated pigs was slower than that of nontreated pigs. The control pigs were not inoculated with E coli, and they remained clinically normal. Oxytetracycline-treated controls gained weight faster than nontreated controls. Some controls were genetically resistant to K88+ E coli, others were susceptible. The K88-resistant oxytetracycline-treated controls gained weight faster than the K88-susceptible oxytetracycline-treated and non-treated controls.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors; Weaning

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis, associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, was diagnosed in a 3.5-year-old German Shepherd Dog with chronic intermittent diarrhea, using bacteriologic culture of duodenal juice and histologic examination of jejunal biopsy specimens. Oral administration of oxytetracycline alone resulted in clinical improvement and a marked decrease in the jejunal mononuclear cell infiltrate. Additional treatment with prednisolone administered orally resulted in almost complete clinical and histologic recovery. This case illustrates that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may have to be considered as an underlying cause of lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis in the dog and that antibiotic treatment may be necessary to attain remission.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Diarrhea; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enteritis; Female; Jejunum; Lymphocytes; Oxytetracycline; Plasma Cells; Prednisolone

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides; Clostridium perfringens; Cricetinae; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Escherichia coli; Mesocricetus; Oxytetracycline; Proteus; Rodent Diseases

Topics: Animals; Campylobacter Infections; Diarrhea; Erythromycin; Gastroenteritis; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Conjugation, Genetic; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Coccidia; Coccidiosis; Diarrhea; Ileum; Microvilli; Oxytetracycline; Sulfaquinoxaline

Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases

Experiments were conducted to study transfer of an enterotoxin (Ent) plasmid from a porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to an E coli K12 strain in the intestine of newly weaned pigs. The Ent plasmid carried genes for resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides, thereby permitting a selection for tetracycline-resistant exconjugants in the feces of the pigs. In vivo transfer of the Ent plasmid was demonstrated to occur when the pigs were given large oral inocula of donor and recipient cultures, 1 hour apart. Differences in extent of transfer were not detected in pigs given antibiotic-free feed compared with littermates on feed containing oxytetracycline at 50 g/ton. In one experiment, tetracycline-resistant Ent- exconjugants were found which appeared to have received an R plasmid from an enteropathogenic type of E coli resident in the intestine.

Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterotoxins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Intestines; Oxytetracycline; Plasmids; R Factors; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tetracycline

In an industrial pig farm in Lubumashi, Zaïre, Balantidium coli produced severe clinical and fatal disease. Terramycin at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight administered twice daily with concentrates gave clinical recovery in all the pigs treated. The complete parasitological recovery was obtained in 14 out of 20 animals. In the remaining 6 there was significant reduction in the number of B. coli. Keeping in view the large spectrum of activity of terramycin in various infections as well as B. coli, terramycin can be useful in the treatment of balantidiosis of pigs.

Topics: Animals; Balantidiasis; Diarrhea; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Arthritis; Diarrhea; Duodenum; Femur Head; Hip Joint; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lymph Nodes; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Oxytetracycline; Radiography; Whipple Disease

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchopneumonia; Chloramphenicol; Corneal Ulcer; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Postoperative Complications; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Uterine Diseases

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Amebiasis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Dysentery, Bacillary; Enterotoxins; Escherichia coli Infections; Feces; Humans; Iodoquinol; Metronidazole; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella Infections; Serotyping; Staphylococcal Infections; Vibrio Infections; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Biopsy; Clindamycin; Diarrhea; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Female; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Lincomycin; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Rectum

Topics: Anemia; Biopsy; Cholecystectomy; Cholelithiasis; Diarrhea; Edema; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Laparotomy; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Prednisone; Skin Manifestations; Whipple Disease

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlortetracycline; Developing Countries; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Growth; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Malabsorption Syndromes; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Topics: Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Dyspepsia; Enterotoxins; Erythromycin; Feces; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nystatin; Oxacillin; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus

Seven cases are reported in which drugs of the tetracycline group produced a fall in the glomerular filtration rate. In six patients there was a primary underlying renal disease and renal impairment. All seven patients were made seriously ill by the antibiotic. Two patients required immediate haemodialysis; one died and the other continued on dialysis until transplanted. Another patient initially responded to intravenous fluids and protein restriction but his renal function deteriorated and four months later he began maintenance haemodialysis. Three patients required peritoneal dialysis. The seventh patient responded satisfactorily to conservative management. The medical and medicolegal complications arising from the use of tetracycline in patients with renal disease are discussed. Yet another plea is made that drugs of the tetracycline group other than doxycycline should not be given to patients with chronic renal failure.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Creatinine; Diarrhea; Dietary Proteins; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Oxytetracycline; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Tetracycline; Urea; Vomiting

Topics: Botulism; Chloramphenicol; Cholera; Clostridium perfringens; Codeine; Diarrhea; Dysentery, Amebic; Dysentery, Bacillary; Escherichia coli Infections; Food; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Opium; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella Infections; Staphylococcus; Stress, Physiological; Tetracycline; Travel; Virus Diseases

Topics: Animals; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Weight; Diarrhea; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Postoperative Complications; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Animals; Bronchiolitis, Viral; Diarrhea; Female; Fetal Death; Horse Diseases; Horses; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Horse Diseases; Horses; Oxytetracycline; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Agglutination Tests; Antibodies; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Serotyping; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides

Topics: Animals; Colic; Diarrhea; Dyspnea; Electrocardiography; Feces; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Fever; Hemodynamics; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Tachycardia

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diarrhea; India; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Animals; Cecum; Chlortetracycline; Colon, Sigmoid; Cricetinae; Diarrhea; Drug Hypersensitivity; Epithelium; Intestine, Large; Necrosis; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Allergy and Immunology; Bacillus; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Child; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Dysentery; Dysentery, Bacillary; Female; gamma-Globulins; Hemagglutination; Humans; Immunotherapy, Active; Injections; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Oxytetracycline; Placenta; Pregnancy; Research; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Celiac Disease; Diarrhea; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Small; Lipodystrophy; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Oxytetracycline; Whipple Disease

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy; Nitrofurazone; Oxytetracycline; Virus Diseases

Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy; Dysentery; Humans; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Child; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Humans; Intestines; Mexico; Oxytetracycline; Pharmacology

Topics: Cortisone; Diagnosis; Diarrhea; Edema; Epinephrine; Erythema Nodosum; Hydrocortisone; Oxytetracycline; Promethazine; Trachea

Topics: Animals; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Cholera; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Bacteriology; Diarrhea; Erythromycin; Infections; Micrococcus; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Chlortetracycline; Diarrhea; Oxytetracycline; Referral and Consultation

Topics: Blood Proteins; Diarrhea; Edema; Hypoproteinemia; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Child; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Infant; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Shock; Staphylococcus

Topics: Diarrhea; Oxytetracycline; Syndrome

Topics: Diarrhea; Feces; Humans; Intestines; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Child; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Amebiasis; Diarrhea; Dysentery, Amebic; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Diarrhea; Oxytetracycline; Syndrome