oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Dermatitis

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzoates; Child; Cosmetics; Dermatitis; Dermatologic Agents; Desensitization, Immunologic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Male; Mite Infestations; Mouth Diseases; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline; Vitamins

From observational studies, farmers who use parenteral antibacterials to promptly treat all sheep with footrot (FR) or interdigital dermatitis (ID) have a prevalence of lameness of < 2% compared with a prevalence of 9% lameness reported by farmers who treat lame sheep by trimming affected feet. We tested the hypothesis that prompt treatment of sheep lame with naturally developing FR or ID with parenteral and topical antibacterials reduces the prevalence and incidence of lameness with these conditions compared with less frequent treatment with trimming of hoof horn and applying topical antibacterials.A further hypothesis was that reduction of ID and FR would improve productivity. A lowland sheep flock with 700 ewes was used to test these hypotheses in an 18-month within farm clinical trial with four groups of ewes: two intervention and two control. The duration and severity of lameness was used to categorise sheep into three weighted scores of lameness (WLS): never lame (WLS0), mildly lame/lame for < 6 days (WLS1) and severely or chronically lame (WLS2). The intervention reduced the prevalence of lameness due to FR and ID in ewes and lambs and the incidence of lameness in ewes. The WLS was also significantly lower in sheep in the intervention groups. Ewes with a higher WLS were subsequently significantly more likely to have a body condition score < 2.5 and to have lame lambs. Significantly more ewes lambed and successfully reared more lambs that were ready for slaughter at a younger age in the intervention versus control groups. There was an increase in the gross margin of Pound630/100 ewes mated in the intervention group, including the cost of treatment of Pound150/100 ewes mated. We conclude that prompt parenteral and topical antibacterial treatment of sheep lame with ID and FR reduced the prevalence and incidence of these infectious conditions and led to improved health, welfare and productivity.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Birth Weight; Dermatitis; Dichelobacter nodosus; Female; Foot Rot; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Infusions, Parenteral; Lameness, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Statistics, Nonparametric

To compare the effectiveness of lincomycin and oxytetracycline for treatment of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows through gross visual examination, histologic evaluation, and bacteriologic evaluation.. Randomized controlled clinical trial.. 25 cows with DD lesions from a commercial Holstein dairy herd.. Cows with DD lesions were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: topical treatment with 10 g of lincomycin hydrochloride (n = 11), topical treatment with 10 g of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (11), and no treatment (3) on days 1 and 2 (d1). Biopsy specimens were obtained for histologic examination from DD lesions prior to treatment and 28 or 31 days (d30) after treatment for histologic examination. Cows were clinically examined on d1, days 12 or 14 (d14), and d30.. No difference was evident in clinical responses to lincomycin and oxytetracycline, so data were pooled; at d30, 8 of 11 of lincomycin-treated lesions and 7 of 11 oxytetracycline-treated lesions appeared visually healed, respectively. Gross visual examination suggested 73% (16/22) of treated cows were healed at d14 and 68% (15/22) of treated cows were healed on d30. Of the 15 lesions that appeared healed on d30, 7 of 15 were classified histologically as active (ulceration and bacterial invasion; 2/15) or incipient (5/15).. Clinical responses to lincomycin and oxytetracycline did not differ. Agreement was good between gross visual and histologic assessments of DD lesions before treatment; agreement 1 month after treatment was variable. Histologic evaluation could not distinguish incomplete healing from lesion recurrence.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Dermatitis; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Hoof and Claw; Lincomycin; Oxytetracycline; Papilloma

Two experiments were run in a commercial dairy herd to test the efficacy of topical treatments of digital dermatitis associated with severe heel-horn erosion. In Experiment I, topical treatments with solutions of either glutaraldehyde or oxytetracycline were compared with foot trimming and cleansing alone. After trimming of all feet, one front and one rear foot in each cow were treated with either glutaraldehyde or oxytetracycline (regardless of dermatitis status), while the other feet were used as controls and only trimmed. Two hundred foot records were obtained from 34 Swedish Red and White and 16 Swedish Holstein cows. The proportions (p) of feet cured from digital dermatitis were compared between each group of medically treated feet and the control feet, assuming the feet to be independent observations with respect to curing. Oxytetracycline was significantly more effective than hoof trimming alone (p=0.87 and 0.34, respectively; P<0.001) and than glutaraldehyde (p=0.41; P=0.004). Treatment with glutaraldehyde was no more effective than hoof trimming alone. In Experiment II, a specially designed footbath with two longitudinal compartments was used to study the effectiveness of a solution of acidic ionised copper in preventing or curing digital dermatitis. The footbath--using water in one compartment--was constructed to make within-cow comparisons of treatment efficacy possible. The hoof health of 44 dairy cows (also included in Experiment I) were studied when the animals first were turned out to pasture and at the end of the grazing season (approximately 6 months later). During the grazing season, the cows were walked through the footbath twice daily after milking for a total of 47 days, divided into five separate periods ranging in length from 3 to 16 days. As judged by a two-sample comparison of proportions, a higher proportion of the cows' hind feet that were affected by dermatitis were cured by the copper solution (20/24) than by water alone (12/23). The copper solution had no significant preventive effect on healthy feet.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Copper; Dermatitis; Disinfectants; Female; Foot Diseases; Glutaral; Hoof and Claw; Hygiene; Oxytetracycline; Seasons; Treatment Outcome; Walking

To evaluate efficacy of topical treatment with oxytetracycline solution among dairy cows with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) lesions on the interdigital cleft, heels, or dewclaw.. Clinical trial.. 70 dairy cows from a single herd.. On the basis of anatomic location of PDD lesions, cows were allocated into 1 of 3 groups (interdigital cleft [n = 14], heels [30], or dewclaw [26]) and treated topically with oxytetracycline solution. Cows were examined 14 and 30 days after initial treatment. During each examination, pain and lesion size scores were recorded.. On the basis of pain and lesion size scores, oxytetracycline appeared significantly less effective among cows with lesions on the interdigital cleft than for cows with lesions on the heels or the dewclaw. Number of cows with signs of pain or visible lesions after treatment was significantly higher for cows with lesions on the interdigital cleft than for cows with lesions on heels or the dewclaw.. Anatomic location of PDD lesions has an effect on the efficacy of topical treatment with oxytetracycline solution in dairy cows affected with PDD. Cows with lesions on the interdigital cleft were less likely to respond to treatment, compared with cows with lesions on the heels or the dewclaw.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dermatitis; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Hoof and Claw; Oxytetracycline; Papilloma; Treatment Outcome

A field trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of the original and two modified formulations of Victory and oxytetracycline among dairy cows affected with papillomatous digital dermatitis. Seventy-eight cows with papillomatous digital dermatitis lesions were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups (A, B, C, D). Cows in group A (n = 19) were treated with an oxytetracycline solution; cows in group B (n = 22) were treated with the original formulation of Victory containing soluble copper, peroxide compound, and a cationic agent; cows in group C (n = 17) were treated with a modified formulation of Victory containing reduced soluble copper and peroxide compound but increased levels of cationic agent; and cows in group D (n = 20) were treated with a modified formulation of Victory containing levels of soluble copper and cationic agent equivalent to the original formulation but with reduced concentrations of peroxide compound. Cows were examined 7, 14 and 28 d after initial treatment; during each examination, pain and lesion scores were recorded. The modified nonantibiotic formulation used in cows in group C appeared to be the most effective for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis. Proportions of cows with signs of pain were significantly lower among cows in group C, compared with cows in group A. Similarly, pain scores were significantly lower among cows in treatment group C, compared to cows in group A. The 2 low efficacy of oxytetracycline was an unexpected result b and may have clinical implications associated with possible antibiotic resistance in dairy cows affected with papillomatous digital dermatitis.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cations; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Copper; Dermatitis; Extremities; Female; Lameness, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Papilloma; Peroxides; Treatment Outcome

To determine whether there would be detectable antibiotic residues in milk obtained from dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) after topical treatment with oxytetracycline.. Randomized controlled clinical trial.. 28 lactating Holstein cows with PDD.. Cows were assigned to 2 treatment groups. Treatment 1 (n = 16) consisted of spraying of PDD lesions with 15 ml of a solution containing 100 mg of oxytetracycline/ml; lesions were sprayed twice daily for 7 days, using a garden sprayer. Treatment 2 (n = 12) consisted of a one-time application of a bandage that consisted of cotton soaked with 20 ml of a solution containing 100 mg of oxytetracycline/ml. Milk samples were obtained before and after treatment and assayed for tetracycline content by use of high-performance liquid chromatography and a commercially available tetracycline screening test.. None of the cows in either treatment group had violative residues of oxytetracycline in milk samples.. Producers treating lactating cows that have PDD, via topical application of oxytetracycline solution at the concentrations reported in this study, have a low risk of causing violative antibiotic residues in milk.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dermatitis; Drug Residues; Female; Foot Diseases; Hoof and Claw; Milk; Oxytetracycline; Papilloma; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dermatitis; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Oxytetracycline; Treatment Outcome

Dermatophilus congolensis was isolated from a cat with dermatitis. The isolate was sensitive to oxytetracyclin, streptomycin and penicillin but resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamycin and cefoperazone.

Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cefoperazone; Cephalosporins; Dermatitis; Gentamicins; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Rabbits; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Streptomycin

An outbreak of digital dermatitis in a dairy herd in the Gauteng province of South Africa is described in which 72% of the lactating herd was affected. Many of the affected cows showed a severe lameness and a drop in milk production. Other complications included heel horn erosion, under-running of heel horn and boxy claws. The diagnosis was made on the typical clinical appearance of the condition and the presence of spirochaetes on histopathological sections from biopsy material. The condition responded to spraying affected feet with an oxytetracycline mixture after cleaning with water using a high pressure hose. The prevalence was reduced to 28% after one month of therapy. A repeat outbreak occurred on the same farm 7 months later during which time 37% of the lactating herd was affected. Of the cows affected, 48% represented new cases, whereas the rest were reinfections.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dermatitis; Disease Outbreaks; Foot Dermatoses; Oxytetracycline; South Africa; Spirochaetales; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Borrelia Infections; Dermatitis; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Ticks

Dermatophilosis is a contagious enzootic disease in tropical areas but which sporadically appears in temperate countries. During an outbreak in Sudan, the resistance level of the Nilotic cattle (Dinka breed) and various crosses has been recorded. The use of Long Acting Terramycin for treating infected cattle is discussed as well. A single injection of Long Acting Terramycin (20 mg/kg) is curative in 35.9% of the cases. The less severe the infections are, the best results are obtained. Treatment response does not seem modified by the breed of the treated cattle.

Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dermatitis; Oxytetracycline; Species Specificity; Sudan

Topics: Adult; Dermatitis; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Orbital Diseases; Oxytetracycline; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Adult; Child; Dermatitis; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Steroids

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antifungal Agents; Butadienes; Child; Chlorquinaldol; Dermatitis; Dermatomycoses; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Prednisolone; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adult; Contraceptives, Oral; Dentifrices; Dermatitis; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Menstruation; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Prednisolone; Rosacea; Sex Factors

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Alopecia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cheilitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Eczema; Eczema, Dyshidrotic; Female; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Neurodermatitis; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Pityriasis; Prednisolone; Pyoderma; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Burns; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Skin Diseases

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cortisone; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Fluocinolone Acetonide; Fluorometholone; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Lichen Planus; Neurodermatitis; Oxytetracycline; Pemphigus; Prednisolone; Progesterone; Proteus Infections; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tinea

Topics: Aerosols; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatomycoses; Drug Combinations; Folliculitis; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Impetigo; Minnesota; Oxytetracycline; Placebos; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Dermatitis; Hydrocortisone; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome