oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Cross-Infection

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Child; Chlortetracycline; Cross Infection; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Food Preservation; Germ-Free Life; Growth; Humans; Male; Meat; Oxytetracycline; Public Health; Rats; Sulfonamides; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cross Infection; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Time Factors

The majority of the 78 enteropathogenic (EPEC) and the 151 non-EPEC Escherichia coli strains isolated from preterm neonates during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaxole, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and ampicillin, but only a few strains were resistant to cefazolin, cefamandole, cefotaxime, amikacin and nalidixic acid. Fourteen different antimicrobial resistance patterns were observed in the 229 strains of E. coli analysed. Eighty-two percent of the EPEC strains belonged to two resistance pattern compared with 79% of non-EPEC strains which exhibited three resistance patterns. There was no consistent relationship between plasmid profile group and antimicrobial resistance pattern, although one resistance pattern was more frequently observed in EAF-positive strains belonging to the dominant plasmid profile group. Nine percent of the EPEC strains were resistant to gentamicin compared to 37% in the non-EPEC group. No correlation was observed between administration of gentamicin and percentage of resistant strains isolated. None of the nine neonates receiving gentamicin died during the outbreak. Gentamicin resistance was observed in E. coli strains from six out of these nine neonates. Five out of fourteen neonates who received other antimicrobials, or no antibiotic treatment at all, died.

Topics: Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Kenya; Oxytetracycline; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

No one can doubt the increased incidence of gram-negative bacillary infections and the importance of an awareness of this increase. Today's hospital, where one finds aggressive surgery, patients with multiple indwelling polyethylene lines and Foley catheters, and widespread use of prophylactic antibiotics, serves as a haven for resistant gram-negative bacilli. Twenty-five strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp, Pseudomonas sp, indole-negative Proteus sp, indole-positive Proteus sp, and Serratia sp from hospitalized patients were tested for susceptibility to eight commonly used antibiotics using an inocula replicating method. Gentamicin proved to be the most effective antibiotic against the majority; most strains were inhibited by 3.12mug/ml or less. Other antibiotics, although not so active against all species, were effective against selected species.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Ampicillin; Bacteria; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Serratia

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Candidiasis; Cross Infection; Enterobacter; Female; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; Mycoplasma Infections; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Poland; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Hospitalization; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Chlortetracycline; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Poland; Proteus; Pseudomonas; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Cross Infection; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Humans; Mouth; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Cloxacillin; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methicillin; Mice; Milk, Human; Mouth; Nose; Novobiocin; Oleandomycin; Oxacillin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillinase; Penicillins; Rabbits; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Streptomycin

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Carrier State; Chloramphenicol; Cloxacillin; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Humans; Lincomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Carrier State; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcal Infections; USSR

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chlortetracycline; Cross Infection; Humans; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Statistics as Topic; Streptomycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Erythromycin; Humans; Kanamycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus Phages; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Colistin; Cross Infection; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Meningitis; Ophthalmology; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxins

Topics: Bacillus; Child; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhimurium

Topics: Cross Infection; Infections; Micrococcus; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus