oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Corneal-Ulcer

To evaluate effect of adjunctive treatment with tetracycline analogues on time to complete corneal reepithelialization in dogs with nonhealing (ie, refractory) corneal ulcers.. Randomized controlled clinical trial.. 89 dogs with refractory corneal ulcers.. Corneal ulcers were treated via debridement and grid keratotomy. Dogs were assigned to receive 1 of 3 treatment regimens for up to 6 weeks: doxycycline (5 mg/kg [2.27 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) with topically applied ophthalmic ointment containing neomycin, polymyxin B, and bacitracin (ie, triple antibiotic ointment; q 8 h); cephalexin (22 mg/kg [10 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) with topically applied oxytetracycline ophthalmic ointment (q 8 h); or a control treatment of cephalexin (22 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) with topically applied triple antibiotic ointment (q 8 h). Healing was monitored via measurements of the wound with calipers and evaluation of photographs obtained every 2 weeks. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by wound healing and decreased signs of pain.. The Boxer breed was overrepresented in all groups. At the 2-week time point, wound healing was significantly more common in small-breed dogs, compared with large-breed dogs. Dogs treated with oxytetracycline ophthalmic ointment had a significantly shorter healing time than did dogs receiving the control treatment. Corneal ulcers in dogs that received doxycycline PO healed more rapidly than did ulcers in dogs in the control treatment group; however, this difference was not significant.. Topical tetracycline ophthalmic ointment was a safe, inexpensive, and effective adjunctive treatment for refractory corneal ulcers in dogs.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalexin; Corneal Ulcer; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Doxycycline; Drug Administration Routes; Female; Male; Oxytetracycline

This study describes signalment, history, antibiotic administered, clinical signs observed, therapy, and outcome of anaphylactic events within 4 h following ophthalmic administration of an antibiotic to cats. Data came from survey responses (45 cats) or Federal Drug Administration reports (16 cats). Cat age (7 weeks-19 years), breed, and gender ranged widely. Most were healthy (87%) prior to anaphylaxis. Ophthalmic antibiotics commonly were administered for conjunctival (65%) or corneal (11%) disease, or ocular lubrication (7%) and contained bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B (44%), or oxytetracycline and polymyxin B (21%). Polymyxin B was present in all cases. Vaccines or other drugs were also administered to 51% of cats. In 56% cases, anaphylaxis occurred within 10 min of drug application. Most (82%) cats survived. Although a causal association was not proved, ophthalmic antibiotic administration preceded anaphylaxis in all cats. Like other drugs, ophthalmic antibiotics should be used only when indicated.

Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Cat Diseases; Cats; Corneal Ulcer; Female; Male; Neomycin; Ophthalmic Solutions; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxin B; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; United States

A clinical trial examining the efficacy of 2 drugs for treatment of a natural epizootic of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was performed. The study was conducted in 103 grazing Hereford calves during the summer of 1985. The calves were prospectively and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups at the beginning of the study on June 17, and were examined 3 times weekly thereafter until the final observation on August 6. Calves in group 1 (n = 34) were not treated and were used as controls. Calves of group 2 (n = 34) with corneal ulcers were treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation (OTC group). The parenteral treatment was repeated in 72 hours. Affected calves of group 3 (n = 35) were treated topically with furazolidone spray when they developed new corneal ulcers, or when existing lesions worsened during subsequent examination periods (NFZ group). Healing times of the corneal ulcers were reported in 3 ways: the combined times for ulcers present in both eyes of a calf simultaneously (method A), independent times of each ulcer on a calf (method B), and time of the first ulcer for each calf (method C). Censored healing times were examined as left censored (ulcer present at the beginning of the study), right censored (ulcer not healed at the end of the study), or uncensored (true) healing times. The effect that the treatments had on healing times were investigated by use of notched box and whisker plots, life tables, and Cox regression models. The analysis indicated that treatment of calves with either antimicrobial reduced the healing time of corneal ulcers, compared with untreated controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Corneal Ulcer; Female; Furazolidone; Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious; Male; Oxytetracycline; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Time Factors

Acute ocular Moraxella bovis infections were induced in the UV-irradiated eyes of 10 calves. Eight calves developed corneal ulcers in at least 1 eye and were used for the treatment experiment. One randomly selected group of 4 calves with corneal ulcers and M bovis infections in 7 eyes was given a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in 2 IM dosages of 20 mg/kg of body weight each, 72 hours apart. The other 4 calves with corneal ulcers in 6 eyes and M bovis in all 8 eyes served as nontreated controls. Bilateral ocular cultures were obtained and clinical observations were made daily for 20 days after treatment. After administration of the long-acting drug, new ulcers did not develop in the treated calves, whereas 5 new ulcers developed in the control-group calves during this time. The average durations of increased lacrimation/ulcerated eye were 2 and 12 days after treatment in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the average durations of blepharospasm were 3 and 8 days, respectively. Moraxella bovis was not isolated from any of the eyes of the treatment-group calves for the first 6 days after the antibiotic was administered, but was isolated from 1 eye of 1 treated calf on posttreatment day 7 and daily thereafter, for a total of 14 positive cultures of 160 ocular cultures obtained from the treatment-group calves after treatment. The bacterium was isolated from all eyes and from 144 of 160 cultures from the control-group calves during this time.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Blepharospasm; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Corneal Ulcer; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Moraxella; Oxytetracycline; Tears

Topics: Animals; Candida albicans; Corneal Ulcer; Dexamethasone; Drug Synergism; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchopneumonia; Chloramphenicol; Corneal Ulcer; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Postoperative Complications; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Uterine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Boric Acids; Chlorobutanol; Cornea; Corneal Injuries; Corneal Ulcer; Edema; Epithelium; Eye Diseases; Eye Injuries; Haplorhini; Injections; Lanolin; Mineral Oil; Ointments; Oxytetracycline; Petrolatum; Polymyxins; Postoperative Care; Rabbits; Sulfates; Tears; Wound Healing

Topics: Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Drug Therapy; Edetic Acid; Humans; Ophthalmic Solutions; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Streptomycin

Topics: Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Ulcer

Topics: Animals; Candidiasis; Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Cortisone; Eye Infections, Fungal; Lagomorpha; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits; Research; Toxicology

Topics: Acetazolamide; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Corneal Ulcer; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Iodine Compounds; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Oxytetracycline; Tinea; Trichophyton