oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Chlamydia-Infections

The effects of long acting oxytetracycline in controlling outbreaks of enzootic abortion of ewes were studied over three consecutive years in 13 different commercial flocks. When used in the face of an outbreak the compound produced a statistically significant reduction in abortion in treated ewes when compared to untreated controls. There was, however, only a marginal difference in the overall abortion rate between treated and untreated groups of ewes in known infected flocks, where the drug was used in anticipation of an abortion storm, mainly because the abortion rate was too low in the control group. It is suggested that oxytetracycline therapy should only be used in an effort to control an actual abortion outbreak on the understanding that the treatment will not eradicate infection from the flock.

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Chlamydia Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Erythromycin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Time Factors; Uterine Cervical Diseases

To describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes in 4 patients with endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus cereus and Chlamydia trachomatis.. Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.. Four patients who had cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation with phacoemulsification at a secondary eye-care center presented with endophthalmitis. Cultures and direct fluorescein assay (DFA) were performed on vitreous aspirates from all patients.. Cultures were positive for B cereus and DFAs were positive for C trachomatis in all patients. Despite timely intervention, at the end of follow-up, 1 patient had 20/200 visual acuity and another, counting fingers at 3 m. Phthisis bulbi developed in the 2 other patients.. The course of infection with B cereus and C trachomatis poses a potential threat, especially because of the limited data on treatment of endophthalmitis secondary to C trachomatis.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus cereus; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Clarithromycin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Middle Aged; Ofloxacin; Oxytetracycline; Phacoemulsification; Polymyxin B; Postoperative Complications; Vitreous Body

Topics: Animals; Arkansas; Bass; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epithelial Cells; Fish Diseases; Gills; Kidney; Oxytetracycline

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease (STD) for which a vaccine is needed. CD4(+) T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immunity is an important component of protective immunity against murine chlamydial genital infection. Conventional vaccine approaches have not proven effective in eliciting chlamydial-specific CD4 Th1 immunity at the genital mucosa. Thus, it is possible that the development of a highly efficacious vaccine against genital infection will depend on the generation of a live attenuated C. trachomatis vaccine. Attenuated strains of C. trachomatis do not exist, so their potential utility as vaccines cannot be tested in animal models of infection. We have developed a surrogate model to study the effect of chlamydial attenuation on infection and immunity of the female genital tract by treating mice with a subchlamydiacidal concentration of oxytetracycline following vaginal infection. Compared to untreated control mice, antibiotic-treated mice shed significantly fewer infectious organisms (3 log(10)) from the cervico-vagina, produced a minimal inflammatory response in urogenital tissue, and did not experience infection-related sequelae. Antibiotic-treated mice generated levels of chlamydia-specific antibody and cell-mediated immunity equivalent to those of control mice. Importantly, antibiotic-treated mice were found to be as immune as control untreated mice when rechallenged vaginally. These findings demonstrate that subclinical chlamydial infection of the murine female genital tract is sufficient to stimulate a potent protective immune response. They also present indirect evidence supporting the possible use of live attenuated chlamydial organisms in the development of vaccines against chlamydial STDs.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody Specificity; Bacterial Vaccines; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxytetracycline; Vaccines, Attenuated

Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Candidiasis; Chlamydia Infections; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

A previous study of infection and morbidity in 400 women attending for termination of pregnancy (TOP) had shown that 32 (8%) harboured cervical Chlamydia trachomatis and 112 (28%) had anaerobic (bacterial) vaginosis (AV). Fifty-three per cent of the women with preoperative C. trachomatis had AV. Thirty of the 32 women with chlamydial infection were followed up and 19 (63%) of these developed post-abortion upper genital tract infection, 7 of whom needed re-admission. In view of the high morbidity in women with chlamydial infection attending for TOP, anti-bacterial prophylaxis with metronidazole suppositories and oral oxytetracycline was introduced for women attending for suction termination of pregnancy (STOP). An audit of the clinical and financial benefits and/or losses was carried out. The audit of 1951 consecutive patients attending for STOP revealed that 132 (6.8%) had chlamydial infection with equivocal results reported in a further 2 patients. One hundred and eight of the 134 women responded to recall. Full genital tract infection screening was carried out in 105 of the 108 recalled patients of whom 5 had repeat positive cervical swabs for C. trachomatis, one had Trichomonas vaginalis, 24 had candidiasis and 17 had anaerobic vaginosis, none had gonorrhoea. Thirteen (12%) of the 108 women had pelvic infection as previously defined, none of whom required re-admission. At least pound sterling 20,000 has been saved each year in our Trust following the introduction of pre-abortion chlamydial screening and universal antichlamydial and anti-anaerobe prophylaxis. The introduction of universal prophylaxis against C. trachomatis and AV has profoundly reduced morbidity in patients attending for TOP and has also resulted in substantial financial savings.. This paper presents an audit of the clinical and financial benefits and/or losses of a new management protocol for Chlamydia trachomatis and anaerobic vaginosis (AV) in women requesting suction termination of pregnancy (STOP). This management protocol is known as the Singleton Regimen and involves the introduction of an antibacterial prophylaxis with metronidazole suppositories and oral oxytetracycline. The audit included 1951 patients requesting STOP at the Singleton Hospital between January 1992 and October 1993; 132 of them had chlamydial infection. A total of 108 women responded to recall. Full genital tract infection screening was carried out in 105 of the 108 recalled patients. Of the 105 patients, 5 had repeat positive cervical swabs for C. trachomatis, 1 had Trichomonas vaginalis, 24 had candidiasis, and 17 had anaerobic vaginosis. 13 of the 108 women had pelvic infection; none of them required readmission. In conclusion, the introduction of universal prophylaxis against C. trachomatis and AV has significantly reduced morbidity in patients obtaining a termination of pregnancy and has also resulted in substantial financial savings.

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Vaginosis, Bacterial

The activity of amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid and two tetracycline antibiotics was investigated against three strains of Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro. McCoy cells were infected and single doses of antibiotic administered 24 h after infection. The percentage of infected cells was calculated at intervals up to 72 h after infection. Amoxycillin and clavulanic acid, alone and in combination, reduced the incidence of inclusion formation of all three strains. Particularly good activity was observed against the laboratory-adapted strain C. trachomatis Sa2f and a clinical isolate C. trachomatis LB1, where a progressive reduction in numbers of inclusions was observed with time. Minocycline and oxytetracycline were the most active agents tested. In an experimental animal model, mice were inoculated intranasally with C. trachomatis MoPn (ATCC VR123) which caused a fatal pneumonia within 16 days, and treated orally for four days commencing at 24 h after infection. At doses producing clinically achievable serum concentrations, amoxycillin (10 mg/kg), amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (10 + 5 mg/kg) and minocycline (5 mg/kg) all protected the mice over a 21-day period. The majority of the animals treated with clavulanic acid alone (20 mg/kg) survived the infection. Treatment with oxytetracycline was less effective, a dose of 160 mg/kg being required to protect 70% of the mice. The results indicate that amoxycillin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid were more effective against C. trachomatis MoPn in vivo than might be predicted from in-vitro data, suggesting that amoxycillin/clavulanic acid may have potential for the treatment of polymicrobial infections involving C. trachomatis.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Clavulanic Acids; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Tetracycline

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Chlamydia Infections; Diet; Female; Food, Fortified; Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious; Male; Marsupialia; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation

Tests of cure (TOC) were performed on specimens from 106 women following treatment for chlamydial infection of the cervix. 91 women attended for the first TOC with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) within one week of finishing antibiotics. Three were EIA positive, 88 were EIA negative. These three women were subsequently EIA and culture negative although they received no further antibiotics. Ninety women returned for the second TOC with EIA and culture between seven and 27 days after completing treatment. All the results were negative. Routine TOC is unnecessary following appropriate antichlamydial therapy. If TOC is indicated antigen-detection methods should not be used immediately after finishing antibiotics as misleading positive results may be obtained. EIA or culture at one week or later after treatment is reliable.

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Oxytetracycline; Uterine Cervical Diseases

In an urban clinic for sexually-transmitted diseases, 270 women with cervical swabs culture positive for Chlamydia trachomatis were treated with 250 mg oxytetracycline orally four times daily for 7 days. Chlamydial infection was found again in 17 of 220 (7.3%) women examined one month after treatment, and in 12 of 113 (9.7%) women reexamined three months after treatment. Even in cases where reinfection seemed unlikely, only 177 of 198 (89%) were cured. Most post-treatment infections were not clinically apparent, and laboratory follow-up was essential for evaluation of chemotherapy.

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Recurrence; Uterine Cervicitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Oxytetracycline; Sulfones; Uracil; Ureaplasma; Urinary Tract Infections

Chlamydia trachomatis is a common agens of non-specific genitourinary inflammatory conditions. We examined 269 female outpatients of the clinic. For 16 per cent of the patients Chlamydia trachomatis could be isolated. In these positive cases we found the following distribution: 32.5 per cent in the cervix and urethra, 60.5 per cent only in the cervix and 7 per cent only in the urethra. The clinical symptoms and importance of the disease are discussed.

Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Child; Chlamydia Infections; Female; Germany, East; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline

Chlamydia trachomatis was reisolated from 11 of 12 men with gonorrhoea who had initially yielded chlamydiae and who had been treated with ampicillin and probenecid (AMP) only, but from none of five such men treated with ampicillin and probenecid followed by tetracycline (AMPT). These results correlated with the absence of postgonococcal urethritis (PGU) in the group treated with AMPT. C trachomatis was isolated or reisolated from 20 of 25 women after treatment with AMP, compared with none of 14 women treated with AMPT. We recommend the addition of a course of tetracycline to the routine single dose treatment for gonorrhoea in men and women.

Topics: Ampicillin; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Probenecid; Urethritis

During 1978-79 there was an outbreak of abortion in a large sheep flock during which approximately 10 per cent of the breeding ewes aborted. Both Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia ovis (the agent of enzootic abortion of ewes) were considered to be involved. In the year following this outbreak (1979-80), 156 ewes (11.4 per cent) aborted and the majority of cases were diagnosed as enzootic abortion: only one case showed gross pathology typical of toxoplasmosis. Serology carried out on sera collected from ewes at the time of abortion and at two post abortion samplings demonstrated that large numbers of animals had high titres against enzootic abortion of ewes while the prevalence of sheep with titres against toxoplasmosis was relatively low. Following the introduction of control measures to reduce the spread of enzootic abortion of ewes, the abortion rate in 1980-81 fell to 2.2 per cent. A small-scale trial was carried out to investigate the prophylactic effect of long acting oxytetracycline against enzootic abortion of ewes when given to pregnant sheep three weeks before lambing. Results indicated that treatment reduced the number of abortions in comparison with untreated controls.

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Chlamydia Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Scotland; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Toxoplasmosis, Animal

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the cervix in 20.4 per cent (104/511) of women attending a department of genito-urinary medicine. Isolation rates ranged from 43.3 per cent in women with gonorrhoea to 4.2 per cent in women with no STD and who required no treatment. There was no association between the presence of chlamydia in the cervix and any symptom complex. Although high isolation rates were also noted in women with signs of cervicitis and in women whose partners had non-gonococcal urethritis, the accuracy of such clinical and epidemiological criteria in predicting cervical infection was low. In the absence of a screening service the chlamydial infection of 81 women (those who were not NGU contacts) would have been undiagnosed and untreated. The need for a screening service is discussed.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Mass Screening; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Oxytetracycline; Scotland; Uterine Cervical Diseases; Uterine Cervicitis

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Chlamydia Infections; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

The treatment of ovine abortifacient chlamydias with Terramycin/LA 200 was examined in three successive experiments in which ewes were inoculated intradermally with 6 x 10(5) PFU chlamydia at 80 days of pregnancy. The efficacy of the treatment was estimated by comparing a control group with a treated group for number of live lambs, number of abnormal lambings, length of pregnancy, average weight of lambs at birth and genital excretion of chlamydia at lambing. Sixty to eighty per cent of the ewes in the control group aborted. Under these conditions a single treatment of 20 mg/kg of Terramycin/LA at day 105 of pregnancy, i.e. four weeks after the inoculation, is not effective. On the other hand, a combination of injections, one three weeks and one five weeks after the inoculation, result in longer pregnancies on average, fewer abortions and more liveborn lambs. However, the treatment does not modify either the weight of liveborn lambs or the vaginal excretion of chlamydia at lambing. The adaptation of this treatment to practical conditions and its interest are discussed.

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Chlamydia Infections; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Sheep; Sheep Diseases

An investigation of chlamydial infection in sexual contacts of patients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) was carried out to determine the clinical signs of infection in the cervix, and their response to chemotherapy, and the incidence of cervical infection in the presence of ectopy and oral contraception. In 202 consecutive female contacts of NGU the isolation rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 35%. Hypertrophic ectopy and endocervical mucopus were present in 19% and 37% of chlamydia-positive patients respectively and, in all but one, resolved after treatment. Only 14% of those followed up after treatment developed yeast infections. The chlamydial isolation rate was significantly higher in patients with hypertrophic ectopy and endocervical mucopus. Cervical ectopy and oral contraceptives acted additively, each producing a significant effect on the chlamydial isolation rate in the presence of the other but not when present alone.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cervix Uteri; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Contraceptives, Oral; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Male; Menstruation; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Urethritis; Uterine Cervical Diseases; Uterine Cervical Erosion

The effects in mice of oral treatment with amoxicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline against an otherwise lethal intranasal infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (mouse pneumonitis) were studied. When treatment was started 30 min after infection and continued once daily thereafter for a total of seven treatments, the mean protective doses of amoxicillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline were 9.5, greater than 50, and 31.3 mg/kg, respectively. If 14 oral treatments were given, these values were 1.6 mg/kg for amoxicillin, 12.7 mg/kg for ampicillin, and 12.3 mg/kg for oxytetracycline.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Animals; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia

Topics: Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Erythromycin; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Urethritis

Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Eye; Keratoconjunctivitis; Oxytetracycline; Psittaciformes

Topics: Animals; Autopsy; Chick Embryo; Chlamydia; Chlamydia Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Histological Techniques; Lung; Male; Mice; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia; Time Factors; Vitelline Membrane