oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Cat-Diseases

This study investigated various qualitative and quantitative indices of antimicrobial use (AMU) in companion animals (CAs) at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH-A) and its annex (VTH- B) from 2019 to 2021. For 694 documented animals, antimicrobial administrations (AADs) were 5, 278 times, of which 98.8% (5217) and 1.2% (61) were in dogs and cats respectively. At the VTH- A, oxytetracycline (1185 times, 22.5%) was mostly administered in dogs and metronidazole (26 times, 0.5%) in cats. Similarly, at VTH- B, oxytetracycline was administered 895 times (17.0%) in dogs while amoxicillin was given 7 times (0.1%) in cats. The prescription diversity (PD) was estimated at 0.73 and 0.82 in VTH-A and VTH-B respectively. The quantity of antimicrobials (AMs) used was 10.1 kg (A, 6.2 kg and B, 3.9 kg). Oxytetracycline administrations and quantity of metronidazole (P < 0.0001) were higher than other Active Ingredients (AIs). Furthermore, 16.5% of AIs were classified as Critically Important Antibiotics (CIA) with the highest priority, while enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin fell under the World Health Organisation (WHO) Watch group. The In-Depth Interview (IDI) indicated that the high frequency of oxytetracycline administrations was linked with being the first choice for blood parasite treatment by the clinicians at the hospital. The quantity of metronidazole used was perceived to be higher due to the clinicians' preference for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis, its wider dose range, and the frequency of administration (bi-daily). The study provides baseline data on AMU indices in CAs, for the development of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and communication training, and policy modifications to enhance antimicrobial therapy optimization in tertiary veterinary hospital care in Nigeria.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hospitals, Animal; Hospitals, Teaching; Metronidazole; Nigeria; Oxytetracycline; Pets

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Doxycycline; Flea Infestations; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Oxytetracycline; Risk Factors; Thrombocytopenia

Signs of ocular infections like discharge and conjunctivitis occur commonly in cats in shelters and feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), Chlamydia felis, Mycoplasma spp, and feline calicivirus (FCV) are thought to be the most common causes. While molecular assays are available to amplify nucleic acids of each of these agents as single tests or in panels, additional information is needed concerning whether the assay results can be used to predict response to treatment. The objectives of this study were to report results for conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that amplify nucleic acids of FHV-1, Mycoplasma spp., C. felis, and FCV from cats with signs of acute ocular and upper respiratory infections in an animal shelter and to determine whether the results are associated with treatment responses to topical administration of cidofovir (anti-FHV-1) or oxytetracycline (anti-Mycoplasma spp. and C. felis). Conjunctival samples were collected from both eyes of 60 cats with ocular signs of disease. Total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) were extracted from each sample and assayed for DNA of FHV-1, Mycoplasma spp., and C. felis and RNA of FCV by conventional PCR assays. Cats were randomized to be administered either oxytetracycline ointment or cidofovir drops in both eyes and a standardized ocular disease score system was used to determine a total ocular score for each cat prior to treatment on Day 0 and on Day 7. Nucleic acids of one or more agents were amplified from one or both eyes from 39 of 60 cats (65%). FHV-1 DNA (21 cats), Mycoplasma spp. DNA (25 cats) or FCV RNA (2 cats) were amplified most commonly. After treatment for 7 days, 32 of 60 cats (53.3%) were considered improved with 27 of 32 cats (84.4%) having ocular scores of 0 (21 cats) or 1 (6 cats). When the results of the FHV-1 PCR assay were compared to cidofovir treatment responses, the positive and negative predictive values of the assay were shown to be 29.4% and 60%, respectively. When the results of the Mycoplasma spp. PCR assay were compared to oxytetracycline treatment responses, the positive and negative predictive values of the assay were shown to be 40% and 38.5%, respectively. The predictive value of conventional PCR assay results for FHV-1 or Mycoplasma spp. DNA was low, suggesting that performing these tests to formulate a treatment protocol has minimal clinical utility in cats with suspected acute ocular infections.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cidofovir; Conjunctiva; Cytosine; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Viral; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Eye Infections, Viral; Herpesviridae Infections; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; Ointments; Ophthalmic Solutions; Organophosphonates; Oxytetracycline; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Varicellovirus

This study describes signalment, history, antibiotic administered, clinical signs observed, therapy, and outcome of anaphylactic events within 4 h following ophthalmic administration of an antibiotic to cats. Data came from survey responses (45 cats) or Federal Drug Administration reports (16 cats). Cat age (7 weeks-19 years), breed, and gender ranged widely. Most were healthy (87%) prior to anaphylaxis. Ophthalmic antibiotics commonly were administered for conjunctival (65%) or corneal (11%) disease, or ocular lubrication (7%) and contained bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B (44%), or oxytetracycline and polymyxin B (21%). Polymyxin B was present in all cases. Vaccines or other drugs were also administered to 51% of cats. In 56% cases, anaphylaxis occurred within 10 min of drug application. Most (82%) cats survived. Although a causal association was not proved, ophthalmic antibiotic administration preceded anaphylaxis in all cats. Like other drugs, ophthalmic antibiotics should be used only when indicated.

Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Cat Diseases; Cats; Corneal Ulcer; Female; Male; Neomycin; Ophthalmic Solutions; Oxytetracycline; Polymyxin B; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; United States

Chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in cystic fibrosis (CF) and certain strains are more transmissible and virulent than others. Of these, the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) is highly transmissible and cross infection has been reported between patients with CF and healthy non-CF relatives. However, the risk of transmission from humans to animals is unknown. The first report of interspecies transmission of the LES strain of P aeruginosa from an adult patient with CF to a pet cat is described. This development further complicates the issue of infection control policies required to prevent the spread of this organism.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chronic Disease; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections

A three-year-old, male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with dysphagia and regurgitation following treatment with oral doxycycline and oxytetracycline for Haemobartonella felis infection. Fluoroscopy confirmed the presence of multiple strictures along the entire length of the oesophagus. Balloon dilatation was performed successfully on two occasions and the symptoms resolved. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of oesophageal strictures associated with oral administration of tetracyclines in a cat in the UK.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anaplasmataceae; Anaplasmataceae Infections; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Doxycycline; Esophageal Stenosis; Male; Oxytetracycline

Dermatophilus congolensis was isolated from a cat with dermatitis. The isolate was sensitive to oxytetracyclin, streptomycin and penicillin but resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, gentamycin and cefoperazone.

Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cefoperazone; Cephalosporins; Dermatitis; Gentamicins; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Rabbits; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Streptomycin

Topics: Anaplasmataceae Infections; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chloramphenicol; Oxytetracycline; Treatment Outcome

In a one-year period (July 1, 1975, through June 30, 1976), 130 cases of suspected adverse drug reactions were reviewed in the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, Ca. Sixty-six of these cases had sufficient evidence to link the reaction to the medication administered. Most of the reactions were attributed to anti-infective agents (antibiotics and parasiticides) and to anesthetics and related drugs. In 28 (42.4%) of the cases, uncomplicated recovery occurred without supportive medication. Four animals (6.1%) died as a direct result of adverse drug reactions. It was concluded that a higher degree of adverse drug reaction awareness is needed in the veterinary profession to enable the accumulation of meaningful data.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anaphylaxis; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chloral Hydrate; Dextrans; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Droperidol; Drug Therapy; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fentanyl; Fluorouracil; Horse Diseases; Horses; Ketamine; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Seizures; Sweating

An attempt was made to reverse the antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis used to induce experimental cystitis in cats and dogs. Results of in vitro studies on an oxytetracycline-resistant strain of P mirabilis, utilizing standard plate counts, indicated the organism became susceptible to oxytetracycline when it was treated with a solution of EDTA-tromethamine. In vivo experiments were conducted with cats and dogs in which 50% of the experimentally infected animals were treated with bladder lavage twice daily with EDTA-tromethamine solution and 50% with tromethamine buffer alone; all were given standard doses of oxytetracycline. Results of bacteriologic cultural examinations of urinary samples and urinalyses done each day, at the end of the experiments, indicated all animals had cystitis. Thus, although the organism's resistance to oxytetracycline was changed by EDTA-tromethamine in vitro, change in bacterial resistance did not occur in vivo in cats and dogs during clinical treatment.

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cystitis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Edetic Acid; Male; Oxytetracycline; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Therapeutic Irrigation; Tromethamine

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Frontal Sinus; Nose; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Therapeutic Irrigation; Trephining

Topics: Animals; Anura; Atropine; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chloramphenicol; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ethiopia; Female; Fever; Oxytetracycline; Pain; Paralysis; Poisoning; Prednisolone; Vomiting

Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Conjunctivitis; Disease Reservoirs; Herpesviridae Infections; Leucomycins; Mycoplasma Infections; Oxytetracycline; Sinusitis

Topics: Anemia; Animals; Bartonella Infections; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chloramphenicol; Conjunctivitis; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Oxytetracycline; Rickettsia Infections; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Streptomycin