oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Brucellosis

A 6-year multicenter therapeutic study was performed on 1100 children with brucellosis in order to compare several antibiotic combinations and duration of treatment. The patients were randomized to receive oral therapy with oxytetracycline, doxycycline, rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) either alone or in combination with each other or combined with streptomycin or gentamicin injections. The patients were also randomized into three groups based on the duration of oral therapy: 500 patients were treated for 3 weeks; 350 for 5 weeks; and 250 for 8 weeks. When intramuscular aminoglycosides were used, streptomycin was given for 2 weeks and gentamicin for 5 days. In oral monotherapy oxytetracycline, doxycycline and rifampin showed comparable results with low relapse rates (less than or equal to 9%) and no statistically significant differences were found among 3-, 5- or 8-week durations of therapy. TMP/SMX alone showed an unacceptably high relapse rate (30%) with all durations of therapy. In combined oral therapy rifampin plus oxytetracycline, rifampin plus TMP/SMX and oxytetracycline plus TMP/SMX showed comparable results with low relapse rates ranging from 4 to 8% in patients receiving therapy for 3 or 5 weeks, no relapses occurred in patients treated for 8 weeks. When oral monotherapy was combined with either streptomycin or gentamicin, very few relapses were seen, irrespective of the duration of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Brucellosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Doxycycline; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Rifampin; Sulfamethoxazole; Time Factors; Trimethoprim

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Brucellosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin

Swine brucellosis caused by Brucella suis biovar 2 is an emerging disease in continental Europe. Without effective vaccines being available, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends the full depopulation of infected herds as the only strategy to eradicate B. suis outbreaks. Using data collected from 8 herds suffering natural swine brucellosis outbreaks, we assessed the efficacy of four control strategies: (i) oxytetracycline treatment only, as a default scenario, (ii) oxytetracycline treatment combined with skin testing and removal of positive animals, (iii) oxytetracycline treatment combined with serological testing (Rose Bengal test-RBT-and indirect ELISA -iELISA-) and removal of seropositive animals and (iv) oxytetracycline treatment combined with both serological (RBT/iELISA) and skin testing and removal of positive animals. A Susceptible-Infectious-Removal model was used to estimate the reproduction ratio (R) for each strategy. According to this model, the oxytetracycline treatment alone was not effective enough to eradicate the infection. However, this antibiotic treatment combined with diagnostic testing at 4-monthly intervals plus immediate removal of positive animals showed to be effective to eradicate brucellosis independent of the diagnostic test strategy used in an acceptable time interval (1-2 years), depending on the initial number of infected animals.

Topics: Agriculture; Animal Culling; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucellosis; Combined Modality Therapy; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Disease Eradication; Europe; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases

The aim of this work was developing effective treatments against Brucella suis biovar 2, responsible for swine brucellosis in Europe. MICs for antibiotics used classically in brucellosis and two new macrolides (tulathromycin and tildipirosin) were determined for 33 B. suis biovar 2 field and B. suis reference strains. MIC90 values ranged from 0.01 to 0.25 μg/mL. The best candidates, given alone or combined, were then evaluated in mice. Ten groups (n = 7) of BALB/c mice were inoculated (1 × 10(5) CFU/mouse) with a virulent B. suis biovar 2 field strain. All groups, excepting untreated control, were treated for 14 days with, respectively, doxycycline, dihydrostreptomycin, tulathromycin (one or two doses), or tildipirosin (one or two doses) given alone, and doxycycline combined with dihydrostreptomycin, tulathromycin, or tildipirosin. Combined tildipirosin treatment was the most effective, then selected for pig studies. Sixteen B. suis biovar 2 naturally infected sows were treated with oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg BW/daily) for 21 days. The half of these received also tildipirosin (4 mg/kg BW) in two doses with a 10-day interval. An extensive bacteriological study conducted ten days after ceasing treatments proved the efficacy of this combined oxytetracycline/tildipirosin treatment.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucella suis; Brucellosis; Disaccharides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heterocyclic Compounds; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tylosin

Topics: Animal Husbandry; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascites; Brucellosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin

The authors describe an attempt to control Brucella melitensis infection in a large camel herd in Saudi Arabia. Sera from the entire herd (2,536) were examined by the Rose Bengal and standard United States of America buffered plate agglutination tests. The overall Brucella seroprevalence was 8%. Milk samples from the 120 seropositive milking camels were cultured on Brucella-selective media. B. melitensis biovars 1, 2 and 3 were isolated from 41 camels (34%). Seropositive camels (202) were treated for the first time with a combination of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) at a dose of 25 mg/kg administered intramuscularly (i.m.) every 2 days for 30 days and streptomycin at 25 mg/kg i.m. every 2 days for 16 days. In addition, milking camels were given OTC-intramammary infusion at a rate of 10 ml/teat every 2 days for 8 days. This regimen was found to be effective in eliminating the shedding of Brucella organisms by camels, with no relapse. Moreover, all treated camels became seronegative within 16 months after treatment. Seronegative camels (2,331) were vaccinated for the first time with the B. melitensis Rev. 1 strain vaccine, as follows: a) 175 young camels (aged three months to one year) were each inoculated subcutaneously with a full dose (1-2 x 10(9) viable organisms in 1 ml). Brucella antibody titres between 1:50 and 1:200 were detected 2-4 weeks post-vaccination. Brucella antibodies decreased gradually until the animals became seronegative 8 months after vaccination. b) 2,156 camels aged more than one year were each inoculated subcutaneously with a reduced dose (1-2 x 10(6) viable organisms in 1 ml). Antibody titres measured 2-4 weeks post-vaccination varied from 1:25 to 1:200. The titres decreased gradually, until the animals became seronegative 3 months post-vaccination. No Brucella organisms were recovered from repeated udder secretion samples from all vaccinated milking camels, and no abortions were recorded among pregnant vaccinated camels.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Camelus; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Milk; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prevalence; Saudi Arabia; Streptomycin; Vaccination

Six treatment regimens using oxytetracycline (OTC) combined with streptomycin (ST) were evaluated for eliminating Brucella melitensis from 480 naturally-infected sheep and goats. Cessation of shedding Brucella from udder secretions and absence of Brucella in selected tissues at autopsy were considered criteria for successful treatment. Four regimens were equally effective in eliminating Brucella in the treated groups of sheep and goats regardless of the source of antibiotics used. These were regimen A (OTC 20 mg/kg intravenously daily for 6 weeks, combined with ST 20 mg/kg intramuscularly [i.m.] daily for 3 weeks), regimen B (long-acting [LA]-OTC 20 mg/kg i.m. every 3 days for 6 weeks, with ST 20 mg/kg i.m. every 3 days for 3 weeks), regimens D and E (LA-OTC 28 mg/kg i.m. every 3 days for 6 weeks, with ST 20 mg/kg i.m. every 3 days for 3 weeks). However, regimen C (LA-OTC 20 mg/kg i.m. every 3 days for 6 weeks, with ST 20 mg/kg i.m. every 3 days for 3 weeks) eliminated Brucella in only 75 of 80 (94%) sheep and goats. Regimen F (LA-OTC 25 mg/kg i.m. every 2 days for 4 weeks, combined with ST 20 mg/kg i.m. every 2 days for 2 weeks) was the most practical, effective and least expensive regimen for eliminating Brucella in the 80 treated sheep and goats. Brucella melitensis biovar 2 was repeatedly isolated from the mammary secretions of all sheep and goats before treatment. It was also isolated repeatedly from the udder secretions of all non-treated control animals and from selected tissue specimens collected from the controls at necropsy.

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Mammary Glands, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Reproduction; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Streptomycin; Treatment Outcome

Rams shedding Brucella ovis in semen but without palpable abnormalities of the epididymides were treated with long-acting oxytetracycline for 15 days and dihydrostreptomycin for 7 days (n = 9) or conventional oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin (n = 9) for 7 days. Nine rams were not treated. More treated rams were considered to have satisfactory breeding soundness examination results at posttreatment weeks 3, 7, 12, and 19. Nontreated rams continued to shed B ovis in semen. After treatment, B ovis was not recovered from 78% of rams given long-acting oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin or from 89% of rams given conventional oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin. At week 21, all rams were euthanatized, and specimens of the testes and epididymides were bacteriologically cultured for B ovis. Brucella ovis was not recovered from the testes of rams or from the epididymides from rams not shedding the organism in the semen. In one treated ram, B ovis was recovered from the semen but not from other tissues. All rams remained ELISA-positive, with the exception of 2 treated rams that ceased shedding B ovis in semen immediately after treatment was started; both these rams became ELISA-negative on the last examination at week 19.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Breeding; Brucella; Brucellosis; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Epididymis; Genital Diseases, Male; Genitalia, Male; Leukocyte Count; Male; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Semen; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Sperm Motility; Testis

Twenty-four rams inoculated with Brucella ovis by conjunctival and preputial routes were treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline alone or in combination with dihydrostreptomycin sulfate. The combined treatment eliminated Brucella ovis from 11 of 12 (91.6%) treated rams. Only 4 of 12 (33.3%) rams treated with oxytetracycline alone were bacteriologically negative. Neither treatment resolved clinical epididymitis in 2 rams affected before treatment. Many rams had pathologic lesions in the epididymis and ampullae, which limited the efficacy of antibiotic treatment.

Topics: Animals; Brucella; Brucellosis; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Streptomycin

The efficacy of oxytetracycline (OTC) alone or combined with streptomycin in the treatment of 118 Najdi ewes believed to have been naturally infected with Brucella melitensis, was evaluated by culture of selected tissues and organs at slaughter. Groups of sheep were given 250, 500 or 1,000 mg of OTC intraperitoneally (i/p) daily for six weeks and in the respective groups at necropsy 52, 69 and 100% of sheep were found to be Brucella-free. Treatment with 250 mg OTC (daily for six weeks i/p) combined with 1,000 mg streptomycin (daily for three weeks intramuscularly) increased the percentage of Brucella-free sheep to 82%. When a group of sheep were each inoculated i/p with 1,000 mg of long-acting OTC every three days over a period of six weeks, 75% of them were Brucella-free at necropsy. B. melitensis was isolated from all (24) non-treated (control) sheep. The results showed that long-term treatment with a high dose of OTC alone had succeeded in eliminating B. melitensis from a group of 16 naturally infected sheep.

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Brucellosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Infertility, Female; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Random Allocation; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Streptomycin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Brucellosis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Serologic Tests

A patient with Brucella melitensis presented to a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. She had unusual clinical signs including polyarthropathy and a tender enlarged spleen. Her disease was apparently acquired in the United Kingdom. The clinical features and immunological aspects of brucellosis are discussed.

Topics: Adult; Agglutination Tests; Brucella; Brucellosis; Complement Fixation Tests; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Male; Oxytetracycline; Radioimmunoassay

Primary plaque forming cells (PFC) are present in spleens of mice 150 days or more following an infection with Brucella abortus. The development of primary plaques in mice long after antigenic challenge is an uncommon phenomenon, unlike the plaque formation (PF) induced by a non-living antigen. The mechanism of this persistent PF has been now investigated in light of a prolonged persistence of the corresponding antigen in tissues. Living E. coli, inoculated in massive dose into mice, survived in their organs for a brief time, while concomitantly PFC disappeared by day sixteen. Infection with B. abortus, in contrast, induced persistent presence of bacteria in the organs of inoculated mice and stimulated long lasting plaque formation. Only direct plaques were found during all stages of infection. Repeated inoculations of dead B. abortus also induced continuous production of primary plaques, whereas an interval in supply of the antigen resulted in disappearance of PFC. Rifampin (40 mg/kg) eliminated bacteria from the treated mice, which resulted in the disappearance of primary PFC. It seems likely that long lasting PF in B. abortus infected mice is connected with a constant antigenic stimulus operating in the carrier state.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody-Producing Cells; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Female; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Male; Mice; Oxytetracycline; Rifampin; Spleen; Time Factors

We would like to mention the difficulty in establishing a diagnosis of brucellosis without the help of the laboratory owing to the polymorphous of its symptomatology and its very variable evolution. Quoted are the different parameters used in the Development Laboratory "Dr. Ruiz Castañeda', such as the blue drop, fixation on surface, agglutination on plate, agglutination in tube, intradermal reaction and haemoculture, utilizing each of these in the moment it becomes positive, and its correlation with the state of suffering involved which permits us to catalogue the brucellosis as: acute, chronic and relapse brucellar. It determines also the significance that this classification has in the therapeutic management of the patient, and its evolution.

Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucellosis; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Intradermal Tests; Oxytetracycline; Recurrence; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Brucellosis; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Male; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin

Topics: Adult; Brucellosis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Female; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Spondylitis; Streptomycin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Atropine; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Cataract; Edema; Eye Manifestations; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Oxytetracycline; Scotland; Visual Acuity

Topics: Adult; Brucellosis; Cobalt Isotopes; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Radiography; Radioisotope Teletherapy; Streptomycin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Temperature; Brucellosis; Child, Preschool; Doxycycline; Drug Tolerance; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Splenomegaly

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agglutination Tests; Brucellosis; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Drug Therapy; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Osteomyelitis; Oxytetracycline; Phagocytosis; Pharmacology; Staphylococcal Infections; Toxicology

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Brucellosis; Child; Chloramphenicol; Complement Fixation Tests; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Europe; Humans; Joint Diseases; Liver Diseases; Meningitis; Neuritis; Oxytetracycline; Serologic Tests

Topics: Brucellosis; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Physical Examination; Streptomycin

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Brucella; Brucellosis; Chlortetracycline; Dermatologic Agents; Mice; Nitrofurans; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline; Toxicology

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Brucella Vaccine; Brucellosis; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; gamma-Globulins; Manipulation, Osteopathic; Mice; Oxytetracycline; Research

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Brucellosis; Humans; Infant; Oxytetracycline; Serologic Tests

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Brucellosis; Dermatologic Agents; Injections, Intramuscular; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Brucellosis; Dermatologic Agents; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Rabbits; Rolitetracycline; Tetracyclines

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Arthritis; Brucellosis; Chlortetracycline; Disease; Humans; Knee; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Injections, Intramuscular; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin

Topics: Agglutinins; Brucellosis; Guinea Pigs; Hemagglutination; Hemagglutination Tests; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brucellosis; Cortisone; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Arthritis; Brucella; Brucellosis; Disease; Hip; Hip Joint; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Chlortetracycline; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Streptomycin

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Colitis; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Oxytetracycline; Typhoid Fever; Whooping Cough

Topics: Brucellosis; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline

Topics: Brucellosis; Oxytetracycline