oxytetracycline--anhydrous and Body-Weight

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Body Weight; Cattle; Chlortetracycline; Food Additives; Meat; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G Procaine; Poultry; Sheep; Swine

Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Composition; Body Weight; Chlortetracycline; Growth; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Time Factors

Contamination of feeds with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem and mycotoxin-detoxifying agents are used to decrease their negative effect. The European Food Safety Authority recently stated guidelines and end-points for the efficacy testing of detoxifiers. Our study revealed that plasma concentrations of deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol were too low to assess efficacy of 2 commercially available mycotoxin-detoxifying agents against deoxynivalenol after 3 wk of continuous feeding of this mycotoxin at concentrations of 2.44±0.70 mg/kg of feed and 7.54±2.20 mg/kg of feed in broilers. This correlates with the poor absorption of deoxynivalenol in poultry. A safety study with 2 commercially available detoxifying agents and veterinary drugs showed innovative results with regard to the pharmacokinetics of 2 antibiotics after oral dosing in the drinking water. The plasma and kidney tissue concentrations of oxytetracycline were significantly higher in broilers receiving a biotransforming agent in the feed compared with control birds. For amoxicillin, the plasma concentrations were significantly higher for broilers receiving an adsorbing agent in comparison to birds receiving the biotransforming agent, but not to the control group. Mycotoxin-detoxifying agents can thus interact with the oral bioavailability of antibiotics depending on the antibiotic and detoxifying agent, with possible adverse effects on the health of animals and humans.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bile; Body Weight; Chickens; Eating; Europe; Female; Male; Oxytetracycline; Poultry Diseases; Trichothecenes

There is limited information on the value of antibiotic therapy for mastitis in beef cows. Effects of antibiotic treatment at weaning and the subsequent calving on calf weaning weight, milk somatic cell counts, milk components, and intramammary infection were studied in beef cows. Additionally, effects of number of infected mammary quarters, number of dry mammary quarters, type of intramammary pathogen, and parity on response variables were determined. Cows (n = 192) were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement; factors were time of treatment (weaning and after calving) and treatment (vehicle and vehicle plus antibiotic). Oxytetracycline (LA-200) or vehicle was administered intramuscularly following collection of quarter milk samples at weaning and calving. Percentage of infected cows and quarters averaged 43.4 and 16.4%, respectively, at calving and increased (P < 0.05) to 53.7 and 29.7% at weaning. Calves from cows with one or two dry quarters weighed 12.7 kg less (P < 0.05) at 90 d after calving and 18.7% less (P < 0.05) at 212 d after calving than calves from cows with no dry quarters. Calves from cows with three or four infected quarters weighed 17.5 kg less (P < 0.05) at 90 d and 25.5 kg less (P < 0.05) at weaning than calves from cows with two or fewer infected quarters. Infections by Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common and accounted for 67 and 78% of the infections. Percentages of infected cows and quarters, infections caused by S. aureus, and dry quarters increased (P < 0.05) with parity. No differences were found among antibiotic treatments for any of the response variables studied. Intramuscular oxytetracycline was not effective in the control of mastitis in beef cows under the conditions of the study.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Cattle; Female; Incidence; Injections, Intramuscular; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Oklahoma; Oxytetracycline; Weaning

The non-antibiotic anti-inflammatory theory of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) predicts that alternatives can be selected by simple in vitro tests. In vitro, the known AGP oxytetracycline (OTC) and a Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) had an anti-inflammatory effect with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 88 and 132 mg/l, respectively. In vivo, chickens received three different concentrations of MCE in drinking-water, OTC in feed and a control. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio were determined on days 14, 21 and 35. On day 35, body composition was determined. Plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AG) concentration was measured on days 21 and 35, and the expression of several jejunal inflammatory genes was determined on day 35. OTC-fed chickens showed a significantly higher BW, FI and G:F ratio compared with the control group at all time points. MCE had a significant linear effect on BW on days 21 and 35, and the G:F ratio was improved only over the whole period, whereas FI was not different. Only MCE but not OTC decreased the percentage of abdominal fat. Plasma α1-AG concentration increased from day 21 to 35, with the values being lower in the treatment groups. Both OTC and MCE significantly reduced the jejunal mucosal expression of inducible NO synthase. For most parameters measured, there was a clear linear dose-response to treatment with MCE. In conclusion, the results are consistent with the anti-inflammatory theory of growth promotion in production animals.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Body Composition; Body Weight; Chickens; Gene Expression; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Orosomucoid; Oxytetracycline; Papaveraceae; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Weight Gain

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major concern when raising replacement heifers because of the high incidence and long-term effects of this disease, such as decreased growth and increased time to first calving. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tulathromycin (TUL) treatment at postweaning movement on the incidence of BRD in dairy replacement heifers. A total of 1,395 heifers were enrolled between November 2006 and June 2007 at a commercial heifer-raising facility. Calves were randomly assigned either to treatment with TUL or to a positive control group treated with oxytetracycline (TET). Calves treated with TUL were 0.5 times (95% CI: 0.4 to 0.7) less likely to be treated for BRD in the 60 d following enrollment than calves treated with TET. For calves that had no history of BRD in the pre-enrollment period, TET calves weighed 4.9+/-0.5kg less than TUL calves after 6 wk in group housing. If calves were treated for BRD in the pre-enrollment period, there was no treatment effect on growth. Calves with clinical BRD in the 60 d following movement weighed 7.9+/-0.6kg less than calves without BRD after 6 wk in group housing. Treatment with TUL at the time of movement to group housing had a beneficial effect on the health and performance through the prevention of BRD in dairy calves with no prior history of the disease. Moreover, BRD after movement to group housing after weaning had a significant effect on the growth of dairy calves.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; Cattle; Dairying; Disaccharides; Female; Heterocyclic Compounds; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Weaning

The present study explored whether the use of group medication with antibiotics in a Danish pig herd was reduced after vaccination of the pigs against proliferative enteropathy (PE) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. 7900 pigs originating from a single commercial sow herd were vaccinated against L. intracellularis, whereas 7756 pigs were kept as non-vaccinated controls. The pigs were included batch-wise in the study with every second batch being vaccinated. In the vaccinated batches, the consumption of oxytetracykline to treat PE was reduced by 79%, with a significantly lower number of pigs being treated (P < 0.0001). Vaccination also resulted in a highly significant improvement of average daily weight gain (+ 46 g/day; P = 9.55 x 10(-31)) and carcase weight (+ 1.25 kg; P = 4.54 x 10(-05)) as well as a shortened fattening period (-8 days; P = 2.01 x 10(-45)).

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Vaccines; Body Weight; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Female; Lawsonia Bacteria; Oxytetracycline; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vaccination

The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfadimethoxine to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by Escherichia coli (colibacillosis) in broiler chickens. The chickens were raised in 80 pens (20 birds per pen) with 20 pens representing each treatment group under simulated commercial conditions that produced a colibacillosis challenge scenario. Each group of 20 randomized pens (replicates) was given one of four water treatments. Chickens that received enrofloxacin had significantly less mortality (P < 0.01), lower average gross pathology (colibacillosis) scores (P < 0.01), and better feed-conversion ratios (P < 0.05) than did chickens that received either oxytetracycline or no medication. Chickens that received enrofloxacin had significantly less mortality and lower pathology scores than those that received sulfadimethoxine and numerically lower feed conversion than the sulfadimethoxine group. Results from the present study show that enrofloxacin is superior to oxytetracycline and sulfadimethoxine for the control of morbidity and mortality caused by E. coli in broiler chickens. Our findings will help veterinarians choose and prescribe the most efficacious antimicrobial when treating colibacillosis.

Topics: Air Sacs; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Chickens; Enrofloxacin; Escherichia coli Infections; Fluoroquinolones; Oxytetracycline; Poultry Diseases; Quinolones; Sulfadimethoxine; Treatment Outcome

Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to three 8-to-10 day space flights on the Space Shuttle. Housed in NASA's Animal Enclosure Modules, rats were flown to test the hypotheses that therapy with pegylated interleukin-2 or insulin-like growth factor-1 would ameliorate some of the effects of space flight on the immune system. As part of these experiments, we measured body and organ weights, blood cell differentials, plasma corticosterone, macrophage colony forming units, lymphocyte mitogenic, super-antigenic and interferon-gamma responses, bone marrow cell and peritoneal macrophage cytokine secretion and bone strength and mass. This paper compares some of the immunophysiological parameters of the control animals used in the Immune1-3 flight series and presents data from an animal infection model for use during space flight.

Topics: Animals; Blood Cells; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Cells; Corticosterone; Housing, Animal; Immunity; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Interleukin-2; Lymphocyte Count; Models, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Chloride; Space Flight; Spleen; Thymus Gland; Weightlessness

Two replicated-pen field studies were performed under commercial feedlot conditions in western Canada to compare the administration of long-acting oxytetracycline at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) versus tilmicosin at 10 mg/kg BW to feedlot calves upon arrival at the feedlot. Ten thousand nine hundred and eighty-nine, recently weaned, auction market derived, crossbred beef steer and bull calves were randomly allocated upon arrival at the feedlot to one of 2 experimental groups as follows: oxytetracycline, which received intramuscular long-acting oxytetracycline (300 mg/mL formulation) at a rate of 30 mg/kg BW; or tilmicosin, which received subcutaneous tilmicosin (300 mg/mL formulation) at a rate of 10 mg/kg BW. There were 20 pens in each experimental group. In Study 1 and in the combined analysis, the initial undifferentiated fever (UF) treatment rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the oxytetracycline group as compared with the tilmicosin group. There were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in first UF relapse, second UF relapse, third UF relapse, overall chronicity, overall rail, overall mortality, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) mortality, hemophilosis mortality, arthritis mortality, or miscellaneous mortality rates between the experimental groups in either study or in the combined analysis. In addition, there were no significant (P > or = 0.05) differences in initial weight, final weight, weight gain, days on feed, daily dry matter intake, average daily gain, or the dry matter intake to gain ratio between the experimental groups in either study or in the combined analyses. In the economic analysis, there was a net economic advantage of $5.22 CDN per animal in the oxytetracycline group, due to a lower prophylactic cost, even though the UF therapeutic cost was higher.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Costs and Cost Analysis; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Macrolides; Male; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Treatment Outcome; Tylosin

1. Hubbard x Hubbard (HH) and Shaver x Shaver (SS) chicks given a dietary supplement of either 50 mg/kg oxytetracycline (OTC) or 1 g/kg Lactobacillus culture (LC) were exposed to 36 +/- 1 degrees C for 3 h daily from day (d) 21 to 42. 2. Prior to heat treatment, body weight (d 21) and weight gain (d 1 to d 21) of OTC and LC birds were greater than those fed the control diet. Chicks given LC had the best food efficiency followed by OTC and control birds during d 1 to d 21. Body weight (d 1 and d 21) and weight gain (d 1 to d 21) were greater for HH tlhan SS chicks. 3. After 3 weeks of heat exposure, birds receiving the LC diet had greater body weight and weight gain, higher food intake and lower food efficiency than OTC and control chicks. 4. Antibody production against Newcastle discase vaccine on d 21 was not affected by strain or diet. On d 42, while diet had negligible effect on this variable among the SS broilers, HH birds fed LC had higher antibody production than those on the control diet. 5. Neither strain nor diet had a significant effect on mortality.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Viral; Body Weight; Chickens; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Heat Stress Disorders; Lactobacillus; Newcastle disease virus; Oxytetracycline; Probiotics; Viral Vaccines

Free ranging reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are driven into corral systems and handled each summer on the Seward Peninsula (Alaska, USA). During June and July of 1995-96 reindeer calves were inspected for injury, handled, weighed, and randomly treated with long-acting oxytetracycline. Calves that returned to subsequent handlings within the same year, received treatment only if they had been treated during their first handling. The effects of prophylactic antibiotic treatment and other factors, including weight, handling related injury, and sex on post-handling survival in reindeer calves were evaluated. Return rates of yearlings in 1996 and 1997 were analyzed using logistic regression. Weight change of calves between handlings was examined using a general linear model. Calf weight and handling injury were the only factors that significantly affected calf survival. No factor had a significant effect on calf weight change between handlings. Apparently, long-acting oxytetracycline was not an effective prophylactic treatment for this capture operation. The benefits of prophylactic antibiotic treatment have not been quantified and further studies of the effects and efficacy of prophylactic treatments are recommended. Ineffective treatments should be avoided because they may add additional stress to the captured animal. Managers should evaluate the potential effectiveness of a prophylactic treatment before indiscriminately applying one. Preventing calf injuries was the most effective method of reducing post-handling mortality in this study and should be given a high priority in the design of capture operations.

Topics: Alaska; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacterial Infections; Body Weight; Female; Handling, Psychological; Injections, Intramuscular; Linear Models; Male; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation; Reindeer; Stress, Physiological

Two-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of oxytetracycline hydrochloride and tetracycline hydrochloride, two structurally similar and widely used antibiotics, were performed in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Rats and mice were continuously exposed via their diet to the following levels of antibiotic: oxytetracycline HCl--rats 0, 25,000, or 50,000 ppm; mice 0,6,300, or 12,500 ppm; tetracycline HCl--rats and mice 0, 12,500, or 25,000 ppm. On a milligram per kilogram of body weight basis these exposures represent doses that are 20 to 140 times daily human therapeutic doses. Dose-related increased survival was noted among oxytetracycline-treated male rats and tetracycline-treated female rats and male mice, while treatment-related reduced body weight gain occurred in oxytetracycline- and tetracycline-treated mice. Microscopic changes included fatty metamorphosis and focal cellular change in livers of oxytetracycline-treated male rats and basophilic cytoplasmic and clear cell change in livers of tetracycline-treated male rats. The only neoplastic changes were a marginally increased trend in pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla (equivocal evidence only) among oxytetracycline-exposed male rats (12/50 controls, 19/50 low dose, 24/50 high dose) and an increased incidence of pituitary adenoma or adenocarcinoma among high-dose oxytetracycline-treated female rats (20/50 controls, 32/50 high dose). Although oxytetracycline and tetracycline appeared to increase the incidence of pituitary hyperplasia in high-dose male and female rats, respectively, the total incidence of proliferative changes (hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma) was not affected by antibiotic exposure. The results from these studies therefore support the notion that neither antibiotic is carcinogenic in rodents. There were several negative trends suggesting possible protective effects by both these tetracycline analogs against certain spontaneous neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes.

Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Body Weight; Carcinogens; Eating; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Tetracycline

The effect of tetracycline HCl and oxytetracycline HCl on early mortality in straight-run Peterson x Hubbard cross broiler chicks from 28-wk-old dams was studied. Treatments consisted of a sham-treated control, and groups treated with a tetracycline either HCl (25 mg/454 g of BW per day) or an oxytetracycline HCl (14.6 mg/454 g of BW per day). Each group was treated via the drinking water for the first 5 days after hatching. There were 24 replications per treatment with 54 chicks each. Birds were maintained at a density of 622.5 cm2 per chick. Chicks treated with tetracycline HCl and oxytetracycline HCl had significantly (P less than .05) improved livability when compared with the sham-treated controls both at 2 and 6 wk of age (1.00 and .83 versus 1.79 at 2 wk, and 2.79 and 3.29 versus 4.29% mortality at 6 wk, respectively). No significant differences in mortality were observed between tetracycline HCl-treated chicks and oxytetracycline HCl-treated chicks. At the end of the 6-wk trial, no differences between treatments were seen in the productive performance of the broilers. The observed differences in livability at 6 wk of age could increase the number of saleable broilers by 10 to 15 thousand per million chicks placed.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Drinking; Mortality; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Chlamydia Infections; Diet; Female; Food, Fortified; Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious; Male; Marsupialia; Oxytetracycline; Random Allocation

The relationship between halflife (t1/2, minutes) of oxytetracycline and bodyweight (W, kg) between species of mammals and birds was examined using data collected from the literature. Linear regression of the logarithm of the halflife of the elimination phase of oxytetracycline following intravenous injection on the logarithm of bodyweight for a variety of species of mammals and birds revealed a significant correlation between species (r = 0.602, n = 13, P less than 0.05). The interspecies relationship was described by the allometric equation; t1/2 = 160 W0.20. This suggests that there is about a 14-fold variation in t1/2 across the size range of terrestrial homoeotherms, and provides a guide to dosage regime for species in which oxytetracycline kinetics have not been studied.

Topics: Animals; Birds; Body Weight; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Mammals; Oxytetracycline; Reference Values; Regression Analysis; Species Specificity

Investigators have found that oxytetracycline decreases the adhesion of K88+ Escherichia coli to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. This occurs with oxytetracycline-sensitive E coli at drug concentrations less than those required to prevent growth and with E coli that are resistant to the drug. We conducted experiments to determine whether oxytetracycline alters the disease caused by an oxytetracycline-resistant K88+ enterotoxigenic strain of E coli. Oxytetracycline-treated pigs (inoculated with K88+ E coli) did not differ from nontreated pigs in the incidence or severity of diarrhea, nor in the shedding of K88+ E coli. However, during recovery, weight gain by treated pigs was slower than that of nontreated pigs. The control pigs were not inoculated with E coli, and they remained clinically normal. Oxytetracycline-treated controls gained weight faster than nontreated controls. Some controls were genetically resistant to K88+ E coli, others were susceptible. The K88-resistant oxytetracycline-treated controls gained weight faster than the K88-susceptible oxytetracycline-treated and non-treated controls.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Oxytetracycline; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors; Weaning

The clinical development of broken mouth over a single reproductive year and the effect of two broad spectrum antibacterial agents upon it was followed in 72 Scottish Blackface ewes aged between two and three years. Using a number of dental health indices especially developed for the purpose, the amount of gingivitis, tooth movement, gum recession and pocketing were quantified and graphed for both the whole population and each group in the drug trial. All clinical features except movement fluctuated significantly with time, the fluctuations often being associated with nutritional or other environmental factors. Despite the extended use of large doses of two antimicrobial agents no significant reduction in the amount of clinical gingivitis or pocketing was evident.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingiva; Metronidazole; Oxytetracycline; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Time Factors

1. The response of growing male guinea fowls to dietary supplements of oxytetracycline, Roxarsone and zinc bacitracin were investigated. 2. The antibiotics produced significant increases in body weight, efficiency of food utilisation and nitrogen retention in guinea fowls at 12 weeks of age. 3. Carcase protein was not affected by antibiotic supplementation but carcase dry matter and fat were significantly higher in guinea fowls receiving medicated food than in controls. 4. The results show that the growth rate of guinea fowls is significantly increased by similar inclusion rates of oxytetracycline, Roxarsone and zinc bacitracin as those generally recommended for broiler chickens.

Topics: Animals; Arsenicals; Bacitracin; Body Weight; Male; Oxytetracycline; Poultry; Roxarsone

In five separate trials 901 feeder pigs (769 purchased and 132 university-raised) were used to determine the effect of level of dietary K (.64 vs 1.00 vs 1.40%), form of neoterramycin (feed-grade vs water-soluble) and a long-lasting oxytetracycline injection on subsequent performance. Purchased pigs fed a 28-d receiving diet with 1.00% K gained faster (P less than .05) than the control pigs fed a .64% K diet (.64 vs .60 kg) during a 1980 summer trial. Feed efficiency was not affected by level of dietary K. Three additional trials conducted during January, July and October of 1981 failed to substantiate this beneficial effect on rate of gain. Feeder pig performance was not different (P greater than .05) when either feed-grade or water-soluble neoterramycin was used as a 14-d receiving treatment at preventative levels. However, in one trial nearly twice as many pigs on the medicated feed diet required additional treatment for sickness compared with pigs receiving water medication (14.5 vs 7.9%; P less than .1). Giving pigs an injection of a long-lasting oxytetracycline (LA-200) either at the market or upon arrival at the finishing facility had no effect on performance; however, the pigs were home-raised rather than purchased; consequently, their health was excellent.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Female; Male; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Potassium; Swine

The effects of daily oxytetracycline treatment on the activities of hepatic glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, plasma glucose, and insulin, and on liver glycogen, free fatty acid, and triglyceride levels were examined in 8- to 15-week-old genetically diabetic and lean mice. Oxytetracycline administration resulted in substantial reductions in the plasma glucose and immunoreactive-insulin levels in both diabetic and lean mice. The drug had no significant effect on the liver glycogen content in either phenotype, regardless of age, but it increased hepatic lipids and depressed body weights in lean animals. The most prominent effect of the drug was in markedly altering the activities of both glycogen synthase and phosphorylase in the liver of older diabetic mice. Oxytetracycline treatment produced a three-fold increase in the percentage of glycogen synthase I activity and reduced by one-third the percentage of glycogen phosphorylase a activity in 15-week-old diabetic mice. In age-matched lean mice treated with oxytetracycline, the percentage of glycogen synthase I activity increased significantly, but the percentage of phosphorylase a activity was unchanged. These data suggest that the drug may alter an aspect of hepatic glycogen metabolism which might lead to an inhibition of glycogenolysis and subsequent diminution of blood sugar levels in the diabetic. The present results show that, while oxytetracycline may be effective in reducing the severity of some of the diabetic symptoms associated with carbohydrate metabolism in this animal model of maturity-onset diabetes, the drug may have adverse effects on aspects of protein and lipid metabolism in these animals.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycogen Synthase; Insulin; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxytetracycline; Phosphorylases; Triglycerides

Timed-pregnant CD rats and CD-1 mice were dosed by gavage with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OXT) in corn oil on gestational days (gd) 6-15 (0, 1200, 1350, or 1500 mg/kg/day for rats; 0, 1325, 1670, or 2100 mg/kg/day for mice). Deaths among treated females occurred in a dose-related manner in all OXT dose groups (2-7%, mice; 5-24%, rats), but no maternal deaths occurred in the vehicle control groups. Significant dose-related decreases in maternal weight gain during treatment, as well as for corrected gestational weight gain (i.e., maternal gestational weight gain minus gravid uterine weight), were observed at all doses in rats but not in mice. Gravid uterine weight was reduced in a dose-related manner only in mice, with the high-dose group significantly reduced compared to the control group. At termination (gd 20, rats; gd 17, mice), the status of uterine implantation sites was recorded and live fetuses were weighed. Fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. There were no significant effects of OXT in either species on the incidence of postimplantation loss (resorptions plus dead fetuses) or malformations. In both species, there was a significant trend toward reduced fetal body weight, and each group of rats receiving OXT was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Administration of OXT during organogenesis at doses exceeding the therapeutic range for humans produced maternal and fetal toxicity, but did not produce any treatment-related increase in malformations.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Female; Fetus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Organ Size; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Rats; Species Specificity; Teratogens

The effect of oxytetracycline at doses of 0.291, 0.461, 0.922, 1.383 and 1.844 g/l in drinking water on the growth rate, lipid metabolism, GOT, GPT, calcium and magnesium was studied on one-day-old chicks and laying hens (Gallus domesticus). Oxytetracycline at a dose of 0.461 g/l increased body weight gain in one-day-old chicks. Oxytetracycline had no effect on hepatic triglyceride and phospholipid levels while cholesterol levels were decreased in one-day-old chicks and increased in laying hens. Oxytetracycline tended to decrease serum cholesterol and to increase serum triglyceride concentrations while its effect on serum phospholipids were inconsistent. Oxytetracycline, although inconsistent, tended to increase GPT and GOT activities in both young chicks and laying hens. Higher doses of oxytetracycline resulted in fatty changes in the hepatocytes and cells of the kidney tubules and lungs in both young chicks and laying hens. With the exception of hepatic phospholipids, all other parameters were higher in laying hens than in young chicks.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Weight; Calcium; Chickens; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Magnesium; Oxytetracycline

Chickens were orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium and fed rations medicated with either 200 g/ton neomycin sulfate, 200 g/ton oxytetracycline, or a combination of 200 g/ton neomycin sulfate plus 200 g/ton oxytetracycline for 16 days. The incidence of salmonellosis was lower in chickens fed the combined antibiotics, and the numbers of viable S. typhimurium in feces were significantly fewer than in chickens receiving only one antibiotic. Chickens fed the combination also gained significantly more weight on less feed than those fed only one antibiotic.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Feces; Food Additives; Male; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Poultry Diseases; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium

A study of the growth-promoting effects of penicillin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, bambermycin , and tylan was made over a 2-year period involving 2030 broiler chicks in 11 experiments. The laboratory used for this study has been subjected to the continuous use of low level dietary antibiotics for over 30 years. Results show that growth promotion by penicillin, oxytetracycline, and lincomycin were still significant (P less than .01). The effect of tylan was also significant (P less than .05). The antibiotics tended to promote better growth effects in chicks from young breeder hens. Significant growth improvement by antibiotics was observed in nutritionally adequate diets regardless of the presence or absence of soybean meal and excesses of certain vitamins and minerals.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bambermycins; Body Weight; Chickens; Female; Food Additives; Leucomycins; Lincomycin; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Tylosin

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Oxytetracycline; Vitamins

Chronic oxytetracycline treatment was found to alter the diabetic status of the spontaneously diabetic rat (BB rat). The treatment led to lowered plasma glucose levels in the fed as well as in the fasted state. These results indicate that the oxytetracycline treatment was effective in lowering the insulin requirements as well as in improving the handling of glucose. The effects of the drug are not secondary to the decreased food intake as a food restricted control group did not show the improvements in glycemia or glucose and insulin tolerance. These results are a further indication that oxytetracycline enhances the response of peripheral tissues to insulin and thus favors better control of glycemia.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Male; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Male New Zealand White rabbits were orally given 0.05 mg of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/kg of body weight daily for 10 days and were treated with glutathione-precursors and depletor, antibacterial agents, or sodium thiosulfate. The drug administered, the mortality, and the mean survival time were as follows: corn-oil controls (0), euthanatized at 25 days; AFB1-controls (2), 21 days; AFB1 and saline controls (2), 22 days; cysteine and AFB1 (5), 13 days; methionine and AFB1 (5), 12 days; sodium thiosulfate and AFB1 (2), 21 days; sulfadimethoxine and AFB1 (1), 24 days; oxytetracycline and AFB1 (0), euthanatized at 25 days; and ethyl maleate and AFB1 (3), 21 days. Clinical signs of toxicosis included decreased feed consumption during AFB1 administration, loss of body weight or failure to gain, and death. Clinicopathologic changes included increases in serum bilirubin concentration and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were lengthened. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was decreased. Changes in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, and serum alkaline phosphatase were unremarkable. Oxytetracycline had protective effects against chronic aflatoxicosis in rabbits. Cysteine and methionine enhanced chronic aflatoxicosis.

Topics: Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxins; Animals; Blood; Blood Coagulation; Body Weight; Cysteine; Male; Maleates; Methionine; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits; Sulfadimethoxine; Thiosulfates

Enteric bacteria isolated from feedlot heifers treated with tetracyclines (TET) were examined for resistance to TET and ampicillin. The effects of feeding (45 days) therapeutic and subtherapeutic quantities of chlortetracycline (CTC) and the injection of therapeutic doses of oxytetracycline (3 daily doses) were compared. Performance data from the 45-day trial did not identify an antibiotic effect on average daily gain, although cattle fed subtherapeutic quantities of CTC showed improved feed efficiency. Bacterial resistance to TET was increased in the heifers given the therapeutic and subtherapeutic quantities of CTC in the ration. However, an increase in resistance to ampicillin did not occur. Oxytetracycline injections had a short-term effect, increasing the number of resistant organisms only during the week of drug administration.

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Chlortetracycline; Enterobacteriaceae; Feces; Female; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Tetracyclines

Holstein calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic dose of chlortetracycline to determine if an oxytetracycline therapy, given after a Salmonella typhimurium challenge, would be compromised by the previous subtherapy. Two of the four groups of seven calves were maintained on a subtherapeutic amount of chlortetracycline. All calves then were challenged with Salmonella typhimurium, and with the onset of clinical symptoms one group with and one group without subtherapy were given a therapeutic dose of oxytetracycline. The two groups receiving a therapeutic dosage of oxytetracycline had the most quickly declining body temperatures and the highest average body weights post-challenge. Two calves died in the group receiving no antibiotic treatments, and one calf died in the group receiving only the subtherapeutic treatment. There were no differences in postchallenge body temperatures or body weight changes between subtherapeutic and nonsubtherapeutic groups of calves. The conclusion was that the subtherapeutic dosing of chlortetracycline did not affect the therapeutic treatment effects of oxytetracycline after a Salmonella typhimurium challenge.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlortetracycline; Female; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium

Five-hundred and fourteen calves subjected to the stresses of marketing and shipping from Florida to New Mexico were used to study performance after arrival at the feedlot. Flaked milo diets containing 50 and 75% concentrates promoted more rapid recovery of purchase weight and more efficient gains than a diet containing 25% concentrates. Free-choice alfalfa hay with the flaked milo diets reduced death loss, number of calves requiring medication and number of treatments per medicated calf. A 3-day mass medication with oxytetracycline injected intramuscularly at 11 mg/kg body weight reduced death loss and number of calves requiring subsequent medication. Calves requiring subsequent medication, however, needed more treatments than control calves. Dry matter and energy digestion determined with lambs increased with concentrate level but decreased with addition of alfalfa hay. New energy intake was highest for the 50% concentrate diet during the first week and for the 75% concentrate diet during the next 3 weeks of the 4-week receiving period.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Digestion; Male; Medicago sativa; Oxytetracycline; Stress, Physiological

Oxytetracycline (OTC) treatment was associated with regranulation of the islet cells and increased pancreatic insulin content in the ob/ob mouse. This was accompanied by an improvement of the in vivo insulin secretory response to glucose. Because of the wide-ranging effects of OTC on other membrane-related functions, it is postulated that this compound may exert ist effect by altering the composition of cellular membranes.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Oxytetracycline; Pancreas

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Dentinogenesis; Fluoresceins; Incisor; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Oxytetracycline; Protein Deficiency; Rats; Time Factors

Fully mature (24-week old) C57BL/6J ob/ob mice and their lean littermates received daily oxytetracycline injections (50 or 100 mg/kg) during a 10 day period. The effects of the drug on the glucose, IRI, corticosterone levels, and on hepatic and body composition of ad libitum fed obese mice were compared with those of food-restricted and ad libitum fed lean and obese control animals. When compared with food-restricted obese mice, drug treatment led to substantial reductions of serum glucose, serum IRI, carcass fat, and hepatic lipid content, while it increased lean body mass and liver glycogen concentration. Similarly, oxytetracycline decreased body weight, and serum glucose in lean mice, but the drug had no substantial effect on circulating IRI levels or on the lipid content of carcass. A significant increase in hepatic lipid was observed in drug-treated lean mice. No effects of the drug on basal corticosterone levels were noted in either phenotype. These data support previous findings showing the effectiveness of oxytetracycline to reverse many of the metabolic abnormalities of ob/ob mice. In addition, the present results suggest that the drug acts by independently altering abnormal metabolism in many target organs, including pancreas, adipose tissue, liver, and muscle, rather than by merely reducing circulating insulin levels or by generally increasing insulin sensitivity.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Mice; Mice, Obese; Oxytetracycline

The influence of the tetracycline antibiotics on growing bones has been disputed. In the present study 58 young male rats were given intraperitoneal injections twice a day for 2 weeks; half of the rats received oxytetracycline and the other half placebo. The concentration of oxytetracycline in plasma was comparable with therapeutic levels in man. Compared with the control animals the oxytetracycline rats had, at the end of the medication period, a significantly lower weight (7 per cent), shorter bones (1--2 per cent), lower bending strength of both the tibia diaphysis (9 per cent) and the distal femur metaphysis (22 per cent) and even lower tensile strength of intact (17 per cent ) and sutured (27 per cent) skin. The effect oxytetracycline seems to be reversible as no differences between the two groups could be detected 1--3 weeks after the end of medication.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Male; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Skin; Wound Healing

The juvenile mouse is used as screening model to test feed additives for their potentially ergotropic effects. Weight development in 20-day old mice was found to be much more strongly influenced than in animals being 25 to 30 days old. The antibiotic lambdamycin inhibited weight gain in female mice, whilst males were promoted in weight development following lambdamycin application.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Composition; Body Weight; Female; Food Additives; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Mice; Oxytetracycline; Sex Factors

A dose of 500 or 1000 ml respectively was infused at hourly intervals over 12 or 24 hours respectively, using a standardised infusion schedule. It was found that this enormous increase in renal function did not cause any changes in the behaviour of the serum levels of oxytetracycline and doxycycline as compared to normal renal excretion. This result comes hardly as a surprise in the case of doxycycline due to its high degree of protein binding, it is, however, unexpected for oxytetracycline.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Diuretics; Doxycycline; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Oxytetracycline; Poisoning; Protein Binding

Six groups of swine (85 animals) were fed a combination of antimicrobial drugs (sulfamethazine 100 g/ton, chlortetracycline 100 g/ton and penicillin 50 g/ton). After two weeks the antimicronial drugs were removed from the diet of two groups (28 animals). These swine were compared to four groups fed the medicated diet to determine the effect of duration of treatment and degree of animal isolation on the persistence of resistance in lactose-fermenting enteric organisms. The degree of resistance to penicillin, oxytetracycline, dihydrostreptomycin and neomycin as determined by minimum inhibitory concentrations and the incidence of resistant organisms were examined during and after antibiotic feedings. Ninety-two percent or greater of all isolates tested during and after treatment had minimum inhibitory concentrations for oxytetracycline of greater than 100 mug/ml. Thirty-two weeks after cessation of dietary antibiotic, resistance to oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin remained at 100% and 89% respectively. Variation in degree of contact between swine receiving medicated feed and those receiving nonmedicated feed was not sufficient to reduce the incidence of resistance to oxytetracycline or dihydrostreptomycin in all animals. Factors influencing persistence of resistant enteric organisms are discussed. Addition of the antimicrobials to the ration resulted in significantly greater weight gains for treated animals than for the controls but did not alter feed conversion.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Body Weight; Chlortetracycline; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Fermentation; Intestines; Lactose; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sulfamethazine; Swine

Subtherapeutic levels of oxytetracycline plus neomycin in animal feeds did not bring about increases in the quantity, prevalence, or shedding of Salmonella typhimurium in swine, calves, or chickens. In fact, the medication generally reduced the proportion of animals carrying S. typhimurium. The medicated groups were fed rations containing oxytetracycline plus neomycin commencing 5 days prior to oral inoculation with S. typhimurium and continuing through a 28-day postinoculation period. Colonization of S. typhimurium occurred in all three animal species, as evidenced by clinical signs of infection and/or colony counts in feces. Only from swine and on only one occasion was a single resistant colony isolated. It is concluded that no evidence has been obtained which would implicate the continuous low-level feeding of oxytetracycline and neomycin for a 4-week period to a potential increased incidence of disease in animals or as a hazard to humans.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Chickens; Diet; Feces; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhimurium; Swine; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Dealkylation; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Organ Size; Oxidoreductases; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Time Factors

The effect of nine surfactants on the activity of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OCT) was investigated against Lipaphis erysimi Kalt feeding on cabbage plants. All the surfactants, except Emulgator EL and Emulgator IP, at 0.1% increased the efficacy of OTC at 0.25% and the maximum reduction of 83.93% in fertility was observed for the combination OTC+Arkopal N-110. The nymphal development was delayed by various treatments. The treated adults were lighter in weight and smaller in size compared to the control insects. No photoxicity was observed in any case.

Topics: Animals; Aphids; Body Height; Body Weight; Drug Synergism; Female; Nymph; Oxytetracycline; Reproduction; Surface-Active Agents

Factors of decisive importance for the fate of the intestine following circulatory occlusion incluse the bacterial flora of the intestine, intravascular thrombosis peripheral to the level of occlusion, and the capacity of the collateral circulation. Standardized ischaemia of the small intestine was produced in the rat by ligation of a given number of mesentric end arcades. The passive absorption of radioiodide from a defined, central loop within the ischaemic intestinal segment-as an expression of the exchange circulation of the intestinal mucosa-was determined 14 days after induction of the ischaemia. Different forms of treatment were studied. In Sprague-Dawley rats the effect of heparin, oxitetracycline (OCD) and a combination of these two drugs was examined both concerning the survival of the animals and with regard to the available exchange circulation in the mucosa of the ischaemic intestinal segment. The survival frequency was increased in all treatment groups. The exchange circulation in the ischaemic segment was improved significantly by ODC-treatment and by treatment with heparin and ODC combined. Treatment with heparin alone gave no improvement of the mucosal circulation.

Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Body Weight; Drug Combinations; Hematocrit; Heparin; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Ischemia; Male; Microcirculation; Oxytetracycline; Rats

Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Body Weight; Bone Development; Cattle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypophysectomy; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Oxytetracycline; Pituitary Gland; Prolactin; Rats; Sheep; Stimulation, Chemical; Swine; Thyroxine; Tibia; Time Factors

This paper deals with the stimulatory effect of the compound 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, Menadione (vit. K3), in young chicken, during the growing period. That's the case of other products like Bacitracin, Actinomycin D and Terramycin, whose hormetic activity is supplanted by the referred Menadione. Authors present the experimental data with analytical discussion of the results.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Bacitracin; Body Weight; Chickens; Dactinomycin; Female; Growth; Male; Oxytetracycline; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors; Vitamin K

Seven cases are reported in which drugs of the tetracycline group produced a fall in the glomerular filtration rate. In six patients there was a primary underlying renal disease and renal impairment. All seven patients were made seriously ill by the antibiotic. Two patients required immediate haemodialysis; one died and the other continued on dialysis until transplanted. Another patient initially responded to intravenous fluids and protein restriction but his renal function deteriorated and four months later he began maintenance haemodialysis. Three patients required peritoneal dialysis. The seventh patient responded satisfactorily to conservative management. The medical and medicolegal complications arising from the use of tetracycline in patients with renal disease are discussed. Yet another plea is made that drugs of the tetracycline group other than doxycycline should not be given to patients with chronic renal failure.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Creatinine; Diarrhea; Dietary Proteins; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Oxytetracycline; Peritoneal Dialysis; Renal Dialysis; Tetracycline; Urea; Vomiting

Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Recurrence; Rosacea; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Body Weight; Chloramphenicol; Immunoglobulins; Oxytetracycline; Prednisolone; Rabbits

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antibody-Producing Cells; Body Weight; Chloramphenicol; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination Tests; Hemolysin Proteins; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Immunization; Lymphocytes; Mice; Organ Size; Oxytetracycline; Sheep; Spleen

Topics: Air Sacs; Animal Feed; Animals; Autopsy; Body Weight; Chickens; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli Infections; Furazolidone; Nitrofurans; Oxytetracycline; Poultry Diseases; Sulfonamides; Time Factors

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Cecum; Female; Growth; Intestine, Small; Intestines; Liver; Lymph Nodes; Organ Size; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Salmonella typhimurium; Spleen

Topics: Animals; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Weight; Diarrhea; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Postoperative Complications; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cell Count; Epithelial Cells; Female; Germ-Free Life; Intestine, Small; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocytes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Organ Size; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Spleen

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Dialysis; Female; Fluorometry; Half-Life; Horses; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Mathematics; Oxytetracycline; Protein Binding

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Body Weight; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Enteritis; Intestines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Poultry Diseases; Staining and Labeling; Streptomycin; Turkeys; Viruses

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Columbidae; Oxytetracycline; Species Specificity; Time Factors; Turkeys

Antimicrobial agents were added to the feed of swine for three weeks to determine the interrelationships of potentially pathogenic agents in the nasal tract, turbinate atrophy and weight gains. Bordetella bronchiseptica was not isolated from the groups fed the combination of chlortetracycline, penicillin and sulfamethazine. B. bronchiseptica was found in some pigs after the feeding trail, but this organism was not significantly associated with turbinate atrophy at the time of slaughter.Mycoplasma hyorhinis was not found in the nasal passages of the pigs that received feed containing high concentration chlortetracycline but was found in pigs that received other diets. Hemophilus suis was not significantly reduced by any of the treatments used. The organisms studied in the pigs were not isolated from the personnel handling the pigs.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Bordetella; Chlortetracycline; Diet; Food Additives; Haemophilus; Mycoplasma; Nose; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Pasteurella; Penicillin G Procaine; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfamethazine; Swine

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Calcium; Chick Embryo; Doxycycline; Growth; Metatarsus; Methacycline; Oxytetracycline; Tetracycline; Tibia

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Antibody Formation; Body Weight; Cortisone; Female; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hydrocortisone; Immunization; Mestranol; Mice; Ovary; Oxytetracycline; Tetanus Toxoid

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Diet; Growth; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Quinoxalines

Topics: Acclimatization; Adipose Tissue; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Body Weight; Cold Temperature; Drug Antagonism; Electron Transport Complex IV; Liver; Male; Mitochondria; Muscles; Norepinephrine; Organ Size; Oxygen Consumption; Oxytetracycline; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; Rats

Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Femur; Fractures, Bone; Male; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Stress, Mechanical; Tibia

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Coprophagia; Dietary Proteins; Growth; Humans; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits; Urea

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Oxytetracycline; Penile Diseases; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Testosterone

Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Weight; Collagen; Fractures, Bone; Male; Mice; Minerals; Oxytetracycline; Solubility; Strontium Isotopes; Tibial Fractures; Wound Healing

Topics: Administration, Oral; Amylases; Animals; Body Weight; Dextrans; Female; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Male; Mice; Neomycin; Organ Size; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Proteins; Water

Topics: Animals; Blood Transfusion; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Clostridium perfringens; Escherichia coli; Ileum; Male; Methods; Oxytetracycline; Peritoneum; Peritonitis; Rabbits; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Infant; Ipecac; Male; Oxytetracycline; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arginine; Body Weight; Cecum; Diet; Feces; Female; Galactose; Glucose; Histidine; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Male; Mice; Neomycin; Organ Size; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin G; Water

Topics: Age Factors; Angiography; Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Bone Development; Calcification, Physiologic; Epiphyses; Fibula; Oxytetracycline; Rabbits; Tibia; Time Factors

Topics: Age Factors; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Communicable Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxytetracycline; Sinusitis; Staphylococcus

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibody Formation; Body Weight; Bursa of Fabricius; Chickens; Ethanol; Female; Immune Tolerance; Male; Mortality; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Phagocytosis; Precipitins; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Testosterone

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Germ-Free Life; Graft vs Host Disease; Hydrocortisone; Mice; Organ Size; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Spleen; Thymus Gland

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Chlortetracycline; Female; Mice; Oxytetracycline; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Lipid Metabolism; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Sciences; Nutritional Status; Oxytetracycline; Rats; Research

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Blood Cell Count; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Dogs; Epididymis; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Oxytetracycline; Pathology; Pharmacology; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Research; Swine; Testis; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urea

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Chickens; Chlortetracycline; Cholesterol; Humans; Lipids; Neomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Sulfathiazoles

Topics: Body Weight; Growth; Oxytetracycline; Weight Gain