oxalates and Sarcoidosis

Whereas the etiology of urinary calculi and their metabolic exploration should be known, it appears unreasonable to conduct exhaustive metabolic explorations in all patients, therapy being usually symptomatic and based on advice on hygiene and diet. However, etiologic diagnosis is essential in a small number of cases: those which could benefit from effective preventive and curative measures and for which morbidity is elevated: cystinuria, hyperparathyroidism, uric acid calculi, patients at high developmental risks. It is possible, by simple, low cost means to select 95% of these patients. After a theoretical study of the distribution and lithiasic etiology, a practical conduct is proposed which takes into account the cost-effective ratio.

Topics: Acidosis; Calcium; Citrates; Cystinuria; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney Calices; Osteoporosis; Oxalates; Sarcoidosis; Uric Acid; Urinary Calculi

Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Bacterial Infections; Citrates; Crystallization; Cystinuria; Diphosphates; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Magnesium; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Mucoproteins; Oxalates; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sarcoidosis; Solubility; Uric Acid; Urinary Calculi; Vitamin D; Xanthine Oxidase

The nature, prevalence, and specificity of birefringent calcific particles in granulomas of sarcoidosis have been examined, including histochemical reactions, single particle, and microchemical analyses. Particular attention was paid to small ovoid forms of which most were calcium oxalate monohydrate. Larger crystals, those within giant cells, and the birefringent component of a Schaumann complex were also calcium oxalate. Small ovoids appeared to originate in macrophages and to be precursors of other forms; they were found in 86% of lymph nodes and 73% of surgical lung specimens. They were not specific for sarcoidosis. Organisms could not be certainly identified in them. Their origin is discussed in relation to activated macrophages, calcium, and oxalate metabolism, and the role of calcium oxalate in granulomas is considered. Four particles from two cases were dolomite and two were a calcium-sulphur compound. The biologic origin of dolomite is reviewed.

Topics: Birefringence; Calcium Carbonate; Calcium Oxalate; Crystallization; Granuloma; Humans; Magnesium; Mycobacterium; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Adult; Autopsy; Calcium; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Female; Granuloma; Hepatic Artery; Histiocytes; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Oxalates; Peritoneal Cavity; Portal Vein; Sarcoidosis; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus fumigatus; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Calcium; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lymph Nodes; Male; Mediastinum; Mycetoma; Oxalates; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sarcoidosis; Uremia

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Calcium; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney Calculi; Liver Diseases; Lung Diseases; Male; Oxalates; Radiography; Sarcoidosis

Topics: Acidosis; Alkalies; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Kidney Calculi; Lithiasis; Milk; Nephrolithiasis; Osteoporosis; Oxalates; Sarcoidosis; Urinary Tract Infections; Vitamin D