oxalates and Hematuria

Topics: Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystine; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Magnesium Compounds; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Oxalates; Phosphates; Struvite; Uric Acid; Urinalysis; Urinary Calculi; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Calcium; Child; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Uric Acid

We have established normal values for calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and oxalate/creatinine (Ox/Cr) ratios in 25 infants (aged 1-7 days) and 391 children (aged 1 month to 14.5 years) and compared these with values obtained in 137 children with post-glomerular haematuria and 27 with nephrolithiasis. Oxalate was measured by ion chromatography. Nomograms of Marshall and Robertson were used to calculate urine saturation to calcium oxalate. The Ca/Cr ratio was normally distributed whereas the Ox/Cr ratio had a log-normal distribution. The molar ratio of Ca/Cr was the lowest in the first days of life and the highest between 7 month and 1.5 years (mean +/- SD = 0.39 +/- 0.28 mmol/mmol). Following a slight decrease it stabilised by the age of 6 years (0.34 +/- 0.19 mmol/mmol). The highest Ox/Cr values were measured during the 1st month of life [geometric mean 133 (range 61-280) mumol/mmol], followed by a gradual decrease until 11 years of age [mean 24 (range 6-82) mumol/mmol]. Thirty-six haematuric children had hypercalciuria (26%), 23 had absorptive hypercalciuria, 13 renal type. Children with absorptive hypercalciuria on a calcium-restricted diet had significantly higher oxalate excretion than those with renal hypercalciuria and the control group [38 (range 28-49) vs. 22 (range 16-29) and 23 (range 22-27) mumol/mol respectively, P < 0.01]. Calcium oxalate urine saturation of stone patients was higher than that of patients with haematuria and the normal population (1.18 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.06 +/- 0.03, P < 0.03 and 0.84 +/- 0.03, P < 0.001 respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Creatinine; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Calculi; Male; Oxalates; Reference Values; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Child, Preschool; Hematuria; Humans; Hyperoxaluria, Primary; Kidney Calculi; Male; Oxalates; Radiography, Abdominal; Transaminases

Renal stones in children, although rare, may be associated with morbidity and renal damage. Scottish children have a different ethnic composition and diet compared with paediatric populations previously studied. Urinary stone promoters include calcium, oxalate and urate. Postulated inhibitors include citrate and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). We tested the hypothesis that Scottish paediatric stone-formers have higher excretion of urinary stone promoters (calcium/oxalate/urate) and/or lower excretion of stone inhibitors (citrate/GAGs) than children with isolated haematuria and controls.. In this case-controlled study, we measured creatinine, calcium, oxalate, urate, citrate and GAGs in random urine samples from 24 stone-formers (excluding inherited metabolic disorders), median age 10.2 (range 1.0-17.2) y; 25 patients with isolated haematuria, 6.3 (0.6-13.7) y; and 32 controls, 7.5 (0.8-14.7) y.. Excretion of urinary promoters and inhibitors differed among stone-formers, haematuria and control groups for (median (range)): calcium (0.82 (0.02-2.19), 0.43 (0.08-2.65), 0.31 (0.04-2.12) mmol/mmol creatinine, respectively, P = 0.005), citrate (0.42 (0.13-0.72), 0.33 (0.05-0.84), 0.61 (0.11-1.75) mmol/mmol creatinine, P = 0.001), calcium:citrate ratio (1.68 (0.19-4.81), 1.30 (0.19-9.57), 0.54 (0.10-2.27) mmol/mmol, P < 0.0001) and the promoter:inhibitor ratio (calcium x oxalate)/(citrate x GAGs) (8.3 (1.0-82.5), 4.3 (1.2-69.5), 2.8 (0.3-13.2) mmol/g, P < 0.0001).. Scottish paediatric stone-formers had lower urinary citrate excretion and higher urinary calcium excretion, calcium:citrate ratio and promoter:inhibitor ratio compared with controls. Urinary calcium excretion and promoter:inhibitor ratio was also higher than children with isolated haematuria. Nevertheless, marked overlap between the stone-former and haematuria groups for promoter:inhibitor and calcium:citrate ratios suggests that some patients with isolated haematuria may be at future risk of urolithiasis.

Topics: Calcium; Calcium Oxalate; Calcium, Dietary; Case-Control Studies; Child; Citrates; Creatinine; Diet; Hematuria; Hospitals, Pediatric; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Oxalates; Population Groups; Risk Factors; Scotland; Uric Acid; Urinary Calculi; Urolithiasis; White People

Urolithiasis is a disease of a complex, often systemic and not fully unequivocal, etiopathological mechanism, resulting in concrement crystallization The aim of study was the evaluation of frequency of occurrences of crystallization risk states and urolithiasis in children with IBD.. The study was conducted on 35 children aged between 12 and 18 with confirmed ulcerative colitis (25 children) and Crohn disease (10 children). In all children regiular urine examination and urine inoculation were conducted, as well as stimation of concrement crystallization risk index in a twenty-four hour urine collection. Urinary tract ultrasound as well as evaluation of erythrocytes in urine sediment in phase contrast microscope,have been performed. Control group consisted of 20 children without digestive tract complains.. In 13 (37%) of examined children, urolithiasis occured in family history. The general urine examination revealed in 27 (77%) examined children existence of erytrocyturia of various degree and the evaluation in phase contrast microscope indicated their extraglomucal origin. The ion-creatininal analysis of twenty-four hour urine collection revealed in 29 (82.2%) children risk of oxalate-calcium concrements crystallization and in 6 (17%) children--of oxalate concrements crystallization. USG examination revealed in 4 (11.4%) children existence of single or multiple concrements in urinary system. Analysis of 1 twenty-four hour urine collection indicated the decrease of magnesium ions in 27 (77%) examined children. In control group only in 2 (5.7%) children the risk of occurrence of phosphate-ammonium concrements crystallization, which was significantly lower in examined group (p < 0.01).. Unspecific intestine inflammations have an influence on the occurrence of crystallization risk states, as well as a fully symptomatic urolithiasis.

Topics: Adolescent; Calcium Oxalate; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Crystallization; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lithiasis; Magnesium; Male; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Risk Factors; Urinary Calculi; Urine; Urolithiasis

Hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis are not uncommon in patients with Wilson's disease but have only once been reported as the presenting sign. We diagnosed Wilson's disease in a 17-year-old male patient 6 years after his first episode of gross hematuria and 2 years after detection of hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Therapy with penicillamine resulted only in a moderate reduction of urinary calcium excretion but oxalate excretion increased.

Topics: Adolescent; Calcium; Hematuria; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Male; Nephrocalcinosis; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Penicillamine; Time Factors; Ultrasonography

Topics: Adolescent; Fruit; Hematuria; Humans; Oxalates

Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Female; Heart Diseases; Hematuria; Humans; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Oxalates; Raynaud Disease; Skin; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Appendix; Calcium; Calculi; Hematuria; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Fistula; Male; Oxalates; Phosphates; Pyuria; Urinary Bladder Fistula; Urography

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hematuria; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Iran; Kidney Calculi; Male; Oxalates; Rectal Prolapse; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Ureteral Calculi; Urinary Bladder Calculi; Urinary Calculi

Topics: Adult; Bicarbonates; Crystallography; Cystine; Cystinuria; Hematuria; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Kidney Calculi; Male; Oxalates; Radiography; Water; X-Ray Diffraction

Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Calcium; Child; Cystinuria; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Oxalates; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Ureteral Obstruction; Uric Acid; Urinary Calculi; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography

Topics: Calcium; Diuretics; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Kidney Pelvis; Male; Oxalates; Phosphates; Sex Factors; Uric Acid; Urinary Tract Infections; Vibration

Topics: Aged; Animals; Cystoscopy; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Hematuria; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Methods; Oxalates; Phosphates; Pressure; Rabbits; Uric Acid; Urinary Bladder Calculi

Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Cell Count; Erythrocytes; Female; Glycols; Growth; Hematuria; Hemoglobins; Leukocytes; Male; Mice; Organ Size; Oxalates; Phthalic Acids; Prothrombin Time; Rats

Topics: Animals; Avitaminosis; Biological Transport; Calcium Oxalate; Hematuria; Oxalates; Rats; Sulfathiazole; Sulfathiazoles; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins