oxalates and Drug-Hypersensitivity

This group of disorders has a number of causes. Early in the course of the disease, tubular malfunction is out of proportion to glomerular disease. The early presentation may be inability to concentrate urine, salt wasting, distal or proximal renal tubular acidosis and/or Fanconi's syndrome. With early diagnosis and treatment, progression of the renal disorder can be prevented or at least delayed. One can easily discontinue the antibiotic or analgesic, remove the heavy metal, treat the electrolyte abnormality, lower the uric acid or remove the genitourinary tract obstruction.

Topics: Analgesics; Drug Hypersensitivity; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypokalemia; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Kidney Tubules; Lead Poisoning; Nephritis, Interstitial; Oxalates; Pyelonephritis; Substance-Related Disorders; Uric Acid

Direct tubular damage, hypersensitivity reaction, metabolically mediated kidney disturbances, and chronic nephropathies are important sequelae of several drugs or their metabolites. In this review the drug-induced kidney disease is discussed from a clinical, histological, and pathogenetic point of view. The knowledge of possible nephrotoxic reactions and their underlying toxins are essential for prevention of this kidney disease.

Topics: Analgesics; Drug Hypersensitivity; Ethylene Glycols; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute; Methicillin; Methotrexate; Nephritis, Interstitial; Oxalates

A patient with normal preoperative hepatic and renal laboratory findings was exposed to relatively low concentrations of methoxyflurane during a routine anaesthetic procedure. For at least 12 postoperative days, the patient showed unusually high level of inorganic serum fluoride; his urinary excretion of fluoride and oxalic acid were also increased. However, he had no clinical signs of nephrotoxicity. This observation suggests that some patients with presumably normal renal function may have a low threshhold for the nephrotoxic effects of methoxyflurane.

Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Methoxyflurane; Middle Aged; Oxalates

Topics: Drug Hypersensitivity; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hydrazones; Oxalates; Phthalic Acids; Polymers; Protective Clothing; Skin; Textiles