oxalates and Cholelithiasis

Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Blind Loop Syndrome; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholelithiasis; Diarrhea; Humans; Ileum; Intestine, Small; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Oxalates; Oxygen Consumption

Topics: Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Biological Transport; Biotransformation; Blind Loop Syndrome; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Cholelithiasis; Cholestasis; Cholesterol; Diarrhea; Enterohepatic Circulation; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Intestinal Diseases; Lipid Metabolism; Liver Diseases; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Nephrocalcinosis; Oxalates; Pancreatitis; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Biological Transport; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Diarrhea; Feces; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Large; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Malabsorption Syndromes; Metabolic Diseases; Oxalates; Sodium; Water

Topics: Bacteria; Bile Acids and Salts; Blind Loop Syndrome; Celiac Disease; Cholelithiasis; Diarrhea; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Small; Kidney Calculi; Malabsorption Syndromes; Oxalates; Postoperative Complications; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Biliary Tract Diseases; Blind Loop Syndrome; Celiac Disease; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Cholic Acids; Deoxycholic Acid; Diarrhea; Glycine; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Obstruction; Lithocholic Acid; Liver; Liver Circulation; Oxalates; Stomach Ulcer; Taurine

Topics: Animals; Cholelithiasis; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Rats

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholelithiasis; Diarrhea; Dogs; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Long-Term Care; Malabsorption Syndromes; Middle Aged; Oxalates; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Patient Care Team; Short Bowel Syndrome

The authors report the association, in a 64-year old man with previous large ileal resection (110 cm) for Crohn's disease, of gallstone and oxalate renal stones. The oxaluria was 60 mg per day (normal, less than 25 mg) and the fecal fat excretion was 50 g per day (normal, less than 6 g). A low--oxalate and--fat diet for 3 months reduced dramatically the steatorrhea, but was totally ineffective for the reduction of hyperoxaluria. The physiopathological mechanisms and the therapeutic consequences of these metabolic complications of ileal resections are discussed.

Topics: Celiac Disease; Cholelithiasis; Crohn Disease; Humans; Ileum; Kidney Calculi; Male; Middle Aged; Oxalates; Postoperative Complications

During the last years bile acids have gained more and more clinical importance. They play a decisive part in intestinal fat resorption. Increased bile acid content in the colon will result in diarrhea. By determination of serum bile acids the liver function can be judged exactly. It seems probable that bile acids take part in the pathogenesis of gastritis gastric ulcer and colonic cancer. By administration of chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid dissolution of cholesterol stones within the gall bladder is possible.

Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholelithiasis; Colonic Neoplasms; Deoxycholic Acid; Gastritis; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Liver Diseases; Oxalates; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Amyloidosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Celiac Disease; Cholelithiasis; Cholestyramine Resin; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Glycine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Malabsorption Syndromes; Oxalates; Proteinuria

Numerous clinicians criticise the insufficiency and imprecision, and the incoherency of the analyses of biological calculations by the usual clinical methods and thus frequently avoid prescribing such an examination. The authors propose the application of a physical method, infrared spectrophotometry for the qualitative and semi-quantitative determination of the composition of stones of all origins. They recall the often heterogeneous structure of the stones and emphasise the importance which they attribute of differential analysis by separate zones during careful dissection, the results of which may orient the therapeutic attitude of the clinician. The differentiation of a few crystalline structures and the study of complex mixtures are dealt with in the form of characteristic infrared spectra. The advantages and limits of the method compared with other technics of analysis are discussed.

Topics: Bilirubin; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Humans; Oxalates; Phosphates; Salivary Duct Calculi; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Uric Acid; Urinary Calculi

A review of the problems associated with extensive jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity in a series of 175 carefully selected patients is presented. Five postoperative deaths occurred (3%). Nonfatal complications occurred in 21%, with wound infections (14 patients) being the most common. Good results marked by weight reduction to the range of ideal weight without significant electrolyte or metabolic aberrations was observed in 82% of the patients receiving the current dimensional modificatiom of end-to-end jejunoileal bypass (30 cm to 20cm). An additional 13% had fair results and only 5% had poor results. There were six deaths during follow-up: liver failure in four patients (secondary to alcohol abuse in two), myocardial infarction in one, and one from unknown causes. Bypass reversal was necessary for refractory liver failure in three patients (two from alcohol abuse), and for persistent diarrhea with secondary electrolyte depletion in two patients. One of these patients was complicated by severe emotional instability. This experience suggests that the majority of carefully selected patients will have a good response to jejunoileal bypass.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Cholelithiasis; Diarrhea; Electrolytes; Fatty Liver; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gout; Humans; Hypoproteinemia; Ileum; Jejunum; Kidney Calculi; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Oxalates; Postoperative Complications

Initially, diarrhea is almost universal but becomes self-limited unless the patient persists in overeating. Weight loss averages 75 to 100 lb the first year, with a stable level generally achieved after 18 months. Among the serious potential complications are enteritis, kidney stones, gallstones, and hepatopathology. Some can be anticipated and kept at bay by prophylactic measures like high-protein intake.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis; Body Temperature Regulation; Cholelithiasis; Dermatitis; Diarrhea; Dietary Proteins; Enteritis; Fatty Liver; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney Calculi; Liver Diseases; Obesity; Oxalates; Postoperative Complications

Topics: Cholelithiasis; Crohn Disease; Humans; Ileum; Kidney Calculi; Male; Middle Aged; Oxalates; Postoperative Complications

Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Child; Cholelithiasis; Cholestasis; Diarrhea; Fats; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Ileum; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Absorption; Liver; Liver Circulation; Liver Cirrhosis; Malabsorption Syndromes; Oxalates; Pancreatic Diseases

Topics: Bacteria; Bile Acids and Salts; Biliary Tract Diseases; Celiac Disease; Cholelithiasis; Cholestyramine Resin; Colon; Diarrhea; Diet; Enterohepatic Circulation; Fecal Impaction; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Neomycin; Oxalates; Triglycerides; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Avitaminosis; Cholelithiasis; Diarrhea; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gout; Humans; Ileum; Jejunum; Kidney Calculi; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Oxalates; Postoperative Complications

Of 93 patients with small bowel bypass for massive exogenous obesity, three developed calcium oxalate urinary calculi, four stones in their gallbladder, and one developed both gallstones and urinary calculi during a mean follow-up period of 17.6 plus or minus 9.0 months. The urinary oxalate excretion increased from 21.6 to 67.8 mg/24 hours (P smaller than .001); simultaneously, the urinary output decreased from 1,775 to 1,101 ml/24 hours (P smaller than .001). Postoperatively, there was a significant increase in the rate of bile salt synthesis from 1.6 to 4.9 gm/day (P smaller than .02) and in the bile sale glycine/taurine ratio from 4.6 to 6.8 (P smaller than .05). It is suggested that the postbypass increase in the biliary glycine/taurine ratio, with its consequent decrease in the zeta potential of the micelles in bile, is at least partly responsible for the increased incidence of cholelithlasis. The pathogenic basis for the increased incidence of urinary calculi is hyperoxaluria, which is probably related to an increased bile salt and glycine synthesis.

Topics: Adult; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Calcium; Cholelithiasis; Follow-Up Studies; Glycine; Humans; Intestine, Small; Middle Aged; Obesity; Oxalates; Postoperative Complications; Taurine; Urinary Calculi

Topics: Bile; Calcium; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Humans; Ions; Kidney Calculi; Oxalates; Phosphates; Solubility; Thiazines

Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Carbon Isotopes; Cholelithiasis; Cholesterol; Diet; Feedback; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Kidney Calculi; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Methods; Models, Biological; Oxalates; Phospholipids; Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Topics: Calcium; Cholelithiasis; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Liver Diseases; Oxalates; Tyramine

Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrophy; Cholelithiasis; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hepatitis A; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Oxalates; Potassium; Urea