ovalbumin and Otitis-Media-with-Effusion

To investigate the T helper cells (Th) predominant differentiation and the modulation of nuclear transcription factors kappa B (NF-kappaB) in middle ear of rat model of otitis media with effusion (OME).. Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into OME (Exp group) and control group (Con group). The expression of NF-kappaB were observed by immunohistochemistry. The level of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in tympanic lavage fluid (TLF) were determined by ELISA.. As compared to the Con group , the level of IL-4 and the ratio of Th2/Th1 (IL-4/IFN-gamma) in TLF of Exp group significantly increased (P<0.05), when no significant difference in IFN-gamma levels in TLF was found. The ratio of NF-kappaB p65 positive cells to white cells in temporal bone marrow smears and middle ear mucosa of Exp group was significantly higher than that of Con group (P<0.05). The expression of NF-kappaB p65 in temporal bone marrow smears and middle ear mucosa was signficantly positively correlated with the concentration of IL-4 in TLF of Exp group (P<0.05).. The middle ear is capable of mounting an allergic response and subsequent formation of effusion. There is Thl/Th2 immune response imbalance, which polarizes toward Th2 response in the middle ear microenvironment of allergic OME rat model. Moreover , NF-kappaB may participate in regulating Th2 predominant reaction.

Topics: Animals; Interleukin-4; Male; NF-kappa B; Otitis Media with Effusion; Ovalbumin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells

Develop a model of nasal allergen-induced Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in a rat and investigate the role of immune modulatory oligonucleotides (IMOs) in the prevention of nasal allergen-induced ETD.. Prospective, randomized study. Brown Norway rats were sensitized to ova albumin (OVA) and randomized to receive pretreatment with IMOs or phosphate-buffered saline. All animals were challenged intranasally with aerosolized OVA. Dynamic measures of Eustachian tube (ET) function were analyzed.. Animals that were OVA-sensitized and IMO-pretreated had significantly lower mean passive opening (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 15.0,19.4) and closing (95% CI 4.8,7.8) ET pressures compared with those of (95% CI 24.1,32.7) and (95% CI 12.1,18.8) OVA-sensitized untreated rats, respectively. In addition, the IMO-pretreated animals demonstrated the ability to actively clear a significantly higher proportion of negative pressure (95% CI 0.64,0.96) compared with the untreated animals (95% CI 0.09,0.39). IMO-pretreated animals also demonstrated significantly improved mean mucociliary clearance times in seconds (95% CI 115,195) than those in untreated animals (95% CI 308,668).. Pretreatment with IMOs prevented allergen-induced allergic inflammation around the Eustachian tube (ET) and resulted in improved ventilatory function of the ET compared with sensitized untreated animals. IMOs offer considerable promise in the management of nasal allergic disease as well as otitis media with effusion.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Eustachian Tube; Immunologic Factors; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Oligonucleotides; Otitis Media with Effusion; Ovalbumin; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is often associated with allergies. Immune modulatory oligonucleotides (IMO) mediate allergic inflammation and may therefore be efficacious in the treatment of airway inflammation.. To evaluate the role of an IMO via transtympanic mucosal application in prevention and treatment of ovalbumin-induced OME.. Forty brown Norway rats were divided into control and treatment groups. Eustachian tube dysfunction was evaluated by passive opening pressures, passive closing pressures, active clearance of negative pressure, and mucociliary clearance transit time.. Rats who underwent IMO treatment required 50% less pressure to open and close the eustachian tube (P < 0.05) and were able to actively clear 50% more negative pressure than the ovalbumin-control rats (P < 0.001). The treatment rats' mucociliary clearance time was half that of the control group (P < 0.001).. IMO via transtympanic application can prevent and treat allergy-induced eustachian tube dysfunction in rats. IMO may offer substantial promise in the future management of OME.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Eustachian Tube; Immunologic Factors; Male; Oligonucleotides; Otitis Media with Effusion; Ovalbumin; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Tympanic Membrane

To evaluate the potential role of immunomodulatory oligonucleotides (IMO) in the prevention of OVA-induced Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in a rat model.. Brown-Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and randomized to receive pre-treatment with IMO or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After systemic sensitization, subjects received a transtympanic OVA challenge followed by evaluation of the Eustachian tube's dynamic function.. Pre-treatment of OVA sensitized animals with IMO normalized passive opening and closing Eustachian tube pressures, improved active clearance of negative pressure in the middle ear, and resulted in reduced mean mucociliary transit times compared to untreated OVA-sensitized animals (P<0.001).. These data demonstrate that pre-treatment with IMO prevent OVA-induced ETD in the rat. IMO treatment in the future may offer considerable promise in the management of OME in children.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Eustachian Tube; Immunologic Factors; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Oligonucleotides; Otitis Media with Effusion; Ovalbumin; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN

We investigated the role of soluble interleukin (IL)-4 receptors (sIL-4R) and IL-5 antibodies (IL-5Ab) in preventing allergic eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear effusion (MEE).. Brown-Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged transtympanically. Two groups of rats received either IL-4R or IL-5Ab transtympanically 1 hour before challenge. Three additional groups were used as controls. Following the second transtympanic challenge, the ventilatory and clearance functions of the eustachian tube (ET) were assessed at 0, 2, and 8 hours. Histology was prepared using cut paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin.. sIL-4R-pretreated rats showed no significant changes in ventilatory or clearance functions of the ET or inflammatory changes in ET mucosa, whereas IL-5Ab pretreatment showed significant late ventilatory and clearance dysfunction as well as inflammatory mucosal changes.. These data demonstrate that the late-phase allergic inflammatory response that leads to subsequent formation of ETD and MEE is prevented by pretreatment with sIL-4R and, more modestly, with IL-5Ab.

Topics: Animals; Deglutition; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Eustachian Tube; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Instillation, Drug; Interleukin-5; Male; Middle Ear Ventilation; Mucociliary Clearance; Otitis Media with Effusion; Ovalbumin; Random Allocation; Rats; Receptors, Interleukin-4; Time Factors

Antigen-specific IgA-forming cells were induced in the middle ear mucosa by the use of soluble and particulate forms of dinitrophenylated ovalbumin. Hartley guinea pigs were locally immunized in the duodenum (group A) and trachea (group B) with the particulate form of dinitrophenylated ovalbumin one week after systemic priming with the soluble form. Otitis media was then induced with the intratympanic inoculation of the antigen. The control animals (group C) received only intratympanic inoculation after systemic priming. The mean titers of salivary IgA antibody of groups A and B were significantly greater than that of group C, and the mean value of serum IgG antibody titers of group C was significantly greater than those of groups A and B. The occurrences of otitis media in groups A and B were significantly suppressed, and histologic changes of the middle ear mucosa of groups A and B were slighter than those of group C. Antigen-specific IgA-forming cells were detected in the inflamed middle ear mucosa from group A and B animals, while these cells could not be found in group C animals. These results demonstrate the immunization strategy whereby the mucosal IgA immunity of the middle ear cavity can be effectively induced and enhanced to prevent otitis media.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Specificity; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Dinitrophenols; Guinea Pigs; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; Male; Otitis Media with Effusion; Ovalbumin; Saliva