ovalbumin and Nutrition-Disorders

It has been suggested previously that in the fasting state the administration of amino acids alone would be more effective in sparing protein than the administration of amino acids plus small amounts of glucose. In the present study we have examined the effect of administration of amino acids alone (1 g/kg per day) and of the same regimen supplemented with 100 g glucose daily, on the nitrogen balance in 10 subjects, six of whom were obese and four undernourished. Mean cumulative nitrogen balance over a 5-day study period was -12.4 g on amino acids alone and +0.5 g when glucose was added (P less than 0.01). It thus appears that the addition of glucose may be beneficial rather than harmful in subjects receiving amino acid therapy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Proteins; Female; Glucose; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrogen; Nutrition Disorders; Obesity; Ovalbumin

Protein malnutrition leads to multiple detrimental alterations of host immune responses to mycobacterial infection. In this study, we demonstrated that splenocytes from low-protein (LP) guinea pigs vaccinated 6 weeks previously with attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra failed to control the accumulation of virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv in cocultured autologous peritoneal macrophages, despite the fact that they were able to control the accumulation of virulent tubercle bacilli in cocultured syngeneic peritoneal macrophages from normally nourished guinea pigs as successfully as did those from high-protein (HP) counterparts. Vaccine-induced growth control of virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv in these cocultures appeared to be mediated by CD4 lymphocytes but not CD8 cells. Tuberculin (purified protein derivative [PPD])-induced lymphoproliferation was markedly impaired in vaccinated LP guinea pigs, and the depletion of CD4 lymphocytes significantly decreased lymphocyte proliferation whereas CD8 cell depletion did not. Protein malnutrition also impaired the abilities of cells from vaccinated LP guinea pigs to produce cytokines, including interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), in response to PPD, despite the demonstration of higher serum levels of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta after an intravenous injection of PPD into LP guinea pigs. In contrast, peritoneal macrophages from protein-malnourished guinea pigs produced a higher level of TGF-beta 4 days after infection in vitro with M. tuberculosis H37Rv than did those from protein adequate controls. These results suggest that dietary protein malnutrition impairs vaccine-induced resistance to M. tuberculosis, in part, by altering the cytokine profile to favor macrophage deactivation.

Topics: Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Dietary Proteins; Guinea Pigs; Interferons; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mitogens; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nutrition Disorders; Ovalbumin; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tuberculin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Birth Weight; Colostrum; Female; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Immunoglobulins; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Orchiectomy; Ovalbumin; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk Factors; Sheep; Stress, Physiological

Although it is commonly accepted that the immune response is affected by malnutrition there are very few data about its effect in allergic diseases.. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of malnutrition in allergic lung inflammation.. An anaphylactic reaction was induced in rat lungs and the increased vascular permeability was measured in the trachea, internal and external bronchi and parenchyma by the Evans blue extravasation method. These studies were conducted in two dietary groups: one fed a normoproteic diet (18%) and the other a hypoproteic diet (4.5%). When the animals were 60 days old the group fed the hypoproteic diet presented a reduction of 77.86% in bodyweight, 63.3% in food intake and 36% in plasma protein concentration characterizing a severe protein-calorie malnutrition.. The anaphylactic reaction in the lungs induced a significant increase in vascular permeability in the trachea and bronchi of both dietary groups. However, the intensity of this effect was significantly lower in the malnourished group. Analysis of immunoglobulin isotypes in the serum by ELISA showed that whereas IgG1 and IgG2a levels were similar in both groups, the levels of IgE were significantly lower in the malnourished animals. Moreover, the levels of antigen-specific IgG1, IgG2a and IgE were all significantly inhibited by the protein-calorie malnutrition. When antibodies were passively transfered to the malnourished rats, they developed a reaction as intense as the normoproteic group.. These results suggest that the capacity to release inflammatory mediators and the vascular response to these mediators is not affected by this type of malnutrition and, therefore, the diminished response of the airways reported here is probably due to the lower levels of anaphylactic antibodies produced by the malnourished rats.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Capillary Permeability; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Female; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Lung; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Ovalbumin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiratory Hypersensitivity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sources of dietary nitrogen (isolated whey protein and hydrolyzed whey protein) on the intestinal repair of malnourished rats at weaning. The malnutrition was achieved by a 3 days' starvation period. Normally fed male Wistar rats were used as controls. Intestinal repair was studied after a refeeding period of 4 days. The parameters studied included nitrogen balance, lactase, sucrase, isomaltase, and maltase activities of the jejunum; liver acetylcholinesterase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities; and the serum amino acid profile. In addition, tests of intestinal permeability to macromolecules were performed by measurement of ovalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in serum. Both diets of led to the recovery of the severely starved rats, in terms of the values of all the parameters evaluated. The serum beta-lactoglobulin was the only exception, because its concentration was significantly lower in the normally fed animals. This study suggests that the intestinal mucosal barrier is not completely repaired, even after a 4-day refeeding period, to the point of being suitable to accept an increase in the uptake of antigens.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aging; alpha-Glucosidases; Amino Acids; Animals; beta-Galactosidase; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Hydrolysis; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Lactase; Lactoglobulins; Liver; Male; Milk Proteins; Nitrogen; Nutrition Disorders; Oligo-1,6-Glucosidase; Ovalbumin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sucrase; Weaning; Whey Proteins

Intestinal absorption of ovalbumin (OVA), a dietary macromolecule, was studied in malnourished and normally nourished suckling mice after experimentally induced infection with rotavirus. All mice developed diarrhea within 24 to 48 h postinoculation. The malnourished animals exhibited more severe symptoms and an increased number of rotavirus-containing enterocytes in intestinal sections as compared to well-nourished mice when examined 3 d postinoculation, at the peak of diarrhea. Histopathologic examination revealed villus atrophy and pronounced vacuolization of villus enterocytes in association with malnutrition and rotavirus infection. The combination of malnutrition and viral infection resulted in more severe mucosal damage, including disruption of microvillus borders. After a single oral dose of 100 micrograms OVA at 3 d postinoculation, the concentration of OVA in serum, gastric content, intestinal lavage fluid, and intestinal tissue homogenates was measured at different time intervals. The concentrations of OVA in intestinal tissue were significantly higher in malnourished animals, whereas lower values were found in rotavirus-infected animals. In all mice, OVA was rapidly absorbed and could be consistently detected in the serum within 5 min. OVA levels peaked at 45 to 60 min and then gradually declined. In malnourished infected animals, the uptake of OVA was rapid and resulted in significantly higher serum levels when compared to well nourished or uninfected controls, respectively. The peak uptake of OVA per g body wt was about 4.5 times more in malnourished infected compared to well-nourished infected mice and 2.5 times higher in normally nourished infected animals when compared to uninfected controls. These results indicate that rotavirus infection in association with malnutrition may cause a significant rise in gut permeability to environmental macromolecules.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Suckling; Antigens; Biological Transport, Active; Diet; Intestinal Absorption; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nutrition Disorders; Ovalbumin; Rotavirus Infections