ovalbumin and Influenza--Human

Topics: Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Canada; Egg Hypersensitivity; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Ovalbumin; Prospective Studies; Risk

Flu vaccines contain detectable amounts of egg protein, which may pose a risk to egg-allergic individuals. The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic required mass vaccination in many countries, and the safety of flu immunization in egg allergy became of increasing public health importance. This article reviews recent literature and provides an updated guideline for immunization during the 2011-2012 flu season. Recent experience suggests that some vaccines with very low ovalbumin concentrations may be safe for use in primary care in carefully assessed low-risk individuals.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Egg Hypersensitivity; Humans; Infant; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Mass Vaccination; Middle Aged; Ovalbumin; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Seasons; Young Adult

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Egg Hypersensitivity; Humans; Infant; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Middle Aged; Ovalbumin; Young Adult

Allergic asthma, one of the most common types of asthma, is thought to be highly susceptible to respiratory viral infections; however, its pathological mechanism needs to be elucidated. Recent studies have found impaired T-cell function in asthmatic mice. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the way by which asthma induction affects T-cell exhaustion in the lungs and assess the relationship between T-cell exhaustion and influenza viral infection.. Chronic allergic asthma mice were induced by intranasal injection of ovalbumin for 6 weeks and asthmatic features and T cell populations in lung or airway were assessed. To determine the influenza virus susceptibility, control and asthma mice were challenged with the human influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 and evaluated the survival rate, lung damage, and virus titer.. Six weeks of OVA sensitization and challenge successfully induced chronic allergic asthma in a mouse model showing significant increase of sera IgE level and broncho-pathological features. A significant decrease in interferon-γ-producing T-cell populations and an increase in exhausted T-cell populations in the lungs of OVA-induced asthmatic mice were observed. Asthmatic mice were more susceptible to influenza virus infection than control mice showing lower survival rate and higher virus titer in lung, and a positive correlation existed between T-cell exhaustion in the lung and virus titer.. Asthma induction in mice results in the exhaustion of T-cell immunity, which may contribute to the defective capacity of viral protection. This study demonstrates a correlation between asthma conditions and viral susceptibility by investigating the functional characteristics of T-cells in asthma. Our results provide insights into the development of strategies to overcome the dangers of respiratory viral disease in patients with asthma.

Topics: Animals; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; T-Cell Exhaustion

Human milk is uniquely suited to provide optimal nutrition and immune protection to infants. Human milk oligosaccharides are structural complex and diverse consisting of short chain and long chain oligosaccharides typically present in a 9:1 ratio. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) is one of the most prominent short chain oligosaccharides and is associated with anti-infective capacity of human milk.. To determine the effect of 2'FL on vaccination responsiveness (both innate and adaptive) in a murine influenza vaccination model and elucidate mechanisms involved.. A dose range of 0.25-5% (w/w) dietary 2'FL was provided to 6-week-old female C57Bl/6JOlaHsd mice 2 weeks prior primary and booster vaccination until the end of the experiment. Intradermal (i.d.) challenge was performed to measure the vaccine-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Antigen-specific antibody levels in serum as well as immune cell populations within several organs were evaluated using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. In an. Dietary 2'FL significantly (. Dietary intervention with 2'FL improves both humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination in mice, which might be attributed in part to the direct effects of 2'FL on immune cell differentiation.

Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Antibodies; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunity, Innate; Influenza A virus; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Milk; Oligosaccharides; Ovalbumin; Trisaccharides; Vaccination

The most promising strategy to sustainably prevent infectious diseases is vaccination. However, emerging as well as re-emerging diseases still constitute a considerable threat. Furthermore, lack of compliance and logistic constrains often result in the failure of vaccination campaigns. To overcome these hurdles, novel vaccination strategies need to be developed, which fulfill maximal safety requirements, show maximal efficiency and are easy to administer. Mucosal vaccines constitute promising non-invasive approaches able to match these demands. Here we demonstrate that nanoparticle (polyphosphazenes)-based vaccine formulations including c-di-AMP as adjuvant, cationic innate defense regulator peptides (IDR) and ovalbumin (OVA) as model antigen were able to stimulate strong humoral and cellular immune responses, which conferred protection against the OVA expressing influenza strain A/WSN/OVA

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Dinucleoside Phosphates; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nanoparticles; Organophosphorus Compounds; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Ovalbumin; Polymers; Vaccination

The overwhelming majority of influenza vaccines are prepared with the use of chicken embryo allantoic fluid. The presence of ovalbumin (this protein constitutes >60% total protein in the allantoic fluid) in the vaccine can lead to severe allergy. Hence, effective reduction of ovalbumin content is of crucial importance for vaccine production. We compared two methods of purification and concentration of influenza virus: zonal gradient ultracentrifugation and combined ultrafiltration/diafiltration and exclusion chromatography protocol, used for fabrication of seasonal vaccines. Combined chromatography is comparable with zonal centrifugation protocol by the results of ovalbumin removal (to meet standard requirements).

Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Chick Embryo; Chromatography, Agarose; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Ovalbumin; Ultracentrifugation; Ultrafiltration

Topics: Egg Hypersensitivity; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Ovalbumin

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Egg Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Infant; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Male; Ovalbumin

Infection with influenza A virus represents a major public health threat worldwide, particularly in patients with asthma. However, immunity induced by influenza A virus may have beneficial effects, particularly in young children, that might protect against the later development of asthma, as suggested by the hygiene hypothesis. Herein, we show that infection of suckling mice with influenza A virus protected the mice as adults against allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma. The protective effect was associated with the preferential expansion of CD4-CD8-, but not CD4+, NKT cells and required T-bet and TLR7. Adoptive transfer of this cell population into allergen-sensitized adult mice suppressed the development of allergen-induced AHR, an effect associated with expansion of the allergen-specific forkhead box p3+ (Foxp3+) Treg cell population. Influenza-induced protection was mimicked by treating suckling mice with a glycolipid derived from Helicobacter pylori (a bacterium associated with protection against asthma) that activated NKT cells in a CD1d-restricted fashion. These findings suggest what we believe to be a novel pathway that can regulate AHR, and a new therapeutic strategy (treatment with glycolipid activators of this NKT cell population) for asthma.

Topics: Adoptive Transfer; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Asthma; Disease Models, Animal; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Glycolipids; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human; Lung; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Knockout; Models, Immunological; Natural Killer T-Cells; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Ovalbumin; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Topics: Drug Hypersensitivity; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Lot Quality Assurance Sampling; Ovalbumin; Seasons; Vaccination

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anaphylaxis; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Compounding; Egg Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Infant; Influenza A virus; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged; Ovalbumin; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Influenza A viral infection is concerned with induction of asthma. CD11c+ pulmonary antigen presenting cells (APCs) play a central role in sensitization with inhaled antigens during the acute phase of influenza A viral infection and also reside on bronchial epithelium for the long term after sensitization. To investigate the role of CD11c+ pulmonary APCs in the inhaled antigen sensitization during the acute phase of influenza A viral infection, we analyzed their function.. Mice were infected with influenza A virus and were sensitized intranasally with BSA/alum during the acute phase of influenza A viral infection. Expression of surface antigens on CD11c+ pulmonary APCs was analyzed by FACS. Cytokine production from CD11c+ pulmonary APCs, and interaction between CD11c+ pulmonary APCs and naïve CD4+ T cells was assessed by ELISA. Ability of antigen presentation by CD11c+ pulmonary APCs was measured by proliferation assay.. BSA antigen sensitization during the acute phase of influenza A viral infection induced eosinophil recruitment into the lungs after BSA antigen challenge and moderately increased expression of MHC class II molecules on CD11c+ pulmonary APCs. The interaction between the CD11c+ pulmonary APCs and naïve CD4+ T cells secreted large amounts of IL-10.. BSA antigen sensitization during the acute phase of influenza A viral infection enhanced IL-10 production from naïve CD4+ T cell interaction with CD11c+ pulmonary APCs. The IL-10 secretion evoked Th2 responses in the lungs with downregulation of Th1 responses and was important for the eosinophil recruitment into the lungs after BSA antigen challenge.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antigens; Asthma; CD11c Antigen; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Models, Animal; Eosinophils; Female; Genes, MHC Class II; Humans; Immunization; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Interleukin-10; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ovalbumin; Serum Albumin, Bovine

Topics: Animals; Asthma; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunization; Influenza, Human; Orthomyxoviridae; Ovalbumin; Virus Diseases

Viral respiratory infections have been implicated in influencing allergen sensitization and the development of asthma, but their exact role remains controversial. Because respiratory exposure to Ag normally engenders T cell tolerance and prevents the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation, we examined the effects of influenza A virus infection on tolerance induced by exposure to intranasal (i.n.) OVA and the subsequent development of AHR. We found that concurrent infection with influenza A abrogated tolerance induced by exposure to i.n. OVA, and instead led to the development of AHR accompanied by the production of OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-gamma. When both IL-4 and IL-5 were neutralized in this system, AHR was still induced, suggesting that influenza-induced cytokines such as IL-13, or mechanisms unrelated to cytokines, might be responsible for the development of AHR. The length of time between influenza A infection and i.n. exposure to OVA was crucial, because mice exposed to i.n. OVA 15-30 days after viral inoculation developed neither AHR nor OVA-specific tolerance. These mice instead acquired Th1-biased OVA-specific immune responses associated with vigorous OVA-induced T cell proliferation, and reduced production of OVA-specific IgE. The protective effect of influenza A on AHR was dependent on IFN-gamma, because protection was abrogated with a neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma mAb. These results suggest that viral respiratory infection interferes with the development of respiratory allergen-induced tolerance, and that the time interval between viral infection and allergen exposure is critical in determining whether viral infection will enhance, or protect against, the development of respiratory allergen sensitization and AHR.

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Allergens; Animals; Asthma; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Influenza A virus; Influenza, Human; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Knockout; Ovalbumin; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Time Factors

It is necessary to use new diagnostic tests for careful and rapid evaluation of a degree of purification and immunogenicity of vaccine anti-influenza preparations. In this study in order to obtain this purpose a radial immunodiffusion++ test and immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) were used Recommended by WHO radial immunodiffusion++ test enable to determine a level of haemagglutinin of particular types and subtypes of influenza virus in polyvalent preparations. However, this test is time consuming therefore for hemagglutinin level determination ELISA test was adapted. This test is hundred times more sensitive and can be applied with success for determination of hemagglutinin level of influenza virus A or B. For evaluation of a degree of purification of vaccine preparations ELISA was elaborated, in which as an index of purification of preparation a level of ovalbumin is determined. This test is specific and extremely sensitive, and it is possible to determine ovalbumin level with accuracy of 1ng in 1 ml of preparation.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Chick Embryo; Drug Contamination; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Influenza A virus; Influenza B virus; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Ovalbumin

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Drug Contamination; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoelectrophoresis; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Ovalbumin; Proteins; Serum Albumin; Vaccination