osteoprotegerin and Periodontal-Pocket

Excessive gingival display (EGD) has a negative impact on a pleasant smile. Minimally invasive therapeutic modalities have become the standard treatment in many dentistry fields. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of open-flap (OF) and minimally invasive flapless (FL) esthetic crown lengthening (ECL) for the treatment of EGD.. A split-mouth randomized controlled trial was conducted in 28 patients presenting with EGD. Contralateral quadrants received ECL using OF or FL techniques. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months post-surgery. The local levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 3 months. Patients' perceptions regarding morbidity and esthetic appearance were also evaluated. Periodontal tissue dimensions were obtained by computed tomography at baseline and correlated with the changes in the gingival margin (GM).. Patients reported low morbidity and high satisfaction with esthetic appearance for both procedures (P >0.05). RANKL and OPG concentrations were increased in the OF group at 3 months (P <0.05). Probing depths were reduced for both groups at all time points, compared with baseline (P <0.05). There were no differences between groups for GM reduction at any time point (P >0.05).. FL and OF surgeries produced stable and similar clinical results up to 12 months. FL ECL may be a predictable alternative approach for the treatment of EGD.

Topics: Adult; Alveolectomy; Attitude to Health; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Crown Lengthening; Dental Plaque Index; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingiva; Gingivectomy; Humans; Male; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Operative Time; Osteoprotegerin; Patient Satisfaction; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Postoperative Complications; RANK Ligand; Root Planing; Surgical Flaps; Tooth Cervix; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

To analyse change in selected bone markers in peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) sampled before treatment and after 12 months and test correlation with change in disease progression.. Peri-implant sulcus fluid was sampled from 32 patients in a randomized, clinical study comparing peri-implant defect re-construction with or without porous titanium granules. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 levels were measured using the Quantikine Human Total MMP-8 (DMP800) ELISA. Multianalyte profiling of the level of bone markers [interleukin-6, osteprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin, leptin, osteopontin, parathyroid hormone, tumour necrosis factor-α, adiponectin and insulin] was performed by Luminex using Human Bone Panel IB. Changes in bone marker levels were compared and correlation with clinical findings was tested.. No differences in clinical parameter or bone marker levels between test and control group were found. When comparing bone marker levels irrespective of treatment allocation between baseline and 12 months, a significant reduction in total protein, matrix metalloproteinase -8, interleukin-6, OPG, leptin and adiponectin were demonstrated. Positive correlations were found between the reduction in interleukin-6 (r = 0.43), insulin (r = 0.38) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (r = 0.47) concentration, and probing pocket depth reduction.. Peri-implantitis surgical treatment induced some reduction of the studied bone markers. Conclusive evidence for correlation between change in bone marker concentrations with disease resolution was not found.

Topics: Adiponectin; Biocompatible Materials; Biomarkers; Debridement; Dental Implants; Disease Progression; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Insulin; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Osteocalcin; Osteopontin; Osteoprotegerin; Parathyroid Hormone; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontal Pocket; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prospective Studies; Surgical Flaps; Titanium; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The aim of this study was to compare the release of bone markers during osseointegration of immediately loaded and nonloaded implants. Forty patients who were indicated for rehabilitation with dental implants randomly received either implant and prosthesis placement within 72 hours (group IM) or implant insertion and no prosthesis placement (group NL). Peri-implant crevicular fluid was collected immediately after implant insertion and 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after surgery and levels of osteoprotegerin, transforming growth factors, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and parathyroid hormone were evaluated using Luminex assay. Bleeding index and peri-implantar sulcus depth were also evaluated. The data were compared using statistical tests (α = 5%). No statistical difference was found regarding demographic and clinical parameters (p > .05). Transforming growth factors, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and parathyroid hormone presented an earlier release peak in group IM than in NL group (p < .05). Osteocalcin achieved higher levels in group IM versus group NL between 7 and 30 days of evaluation (p < .05). It may be concluded that earlier loading positively modulates bone mediators release around immediately loaded implants when compared with nonloaded dental implants.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Middle Aged; Osseointegration; Osteocalcin; Osteopontin; Osteoprotegerin; Parathyroid Hormone; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Prospective Studies; Transforming Growth Factor alpha; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of full-mouth scaling and root planing (FMSRP) and partial-mouth scaling and root planing (PMSRP), up to 12 mo after treatment, on clinical parameters, and levels of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis.. Thirty-four subjects received FMSRP (n = 17) or PMSRP (n = 17) within 24 h or in multiple sessions, respectively. Clinical parameters and local levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23, IL-4, receptor activator of NF-β ligand and osteoprotegerin were assessed at baseline, and 3, 6 and 12 mo after therapies.. Clinical parameters improved after both therapies (p < 0.05), and no between-group differences were observed at any time-point (p > 0.05). Overall, there were no considerable differences in the local levels of the biomarkers studied between groups (p > 0.05). The IL-23 concentration and total amount of IFN-γ increased in the FMSRP group and decreased in the PMSRP group from baseline to 3 mo and from baseline to 6 mo, respectively (p < 0.05).. Both PMSRP and FMSRP promoted benefits in clinical parameters and showed a similar modulation of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors at 12 mo in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Chronic Periodontitis; Cytokines; Dental Scaling; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Prospective Studies; RANK Ligand; Root Planing; Single-Blind Method; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The implant surface plays a major role in the biological response to titanium dental implants. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and -7 (BMP-7) in the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of different implants during the osseointegration period.. Forty-seven patients (22 females and 25 males, mean age 47.34 ± 10.11) were included in this study. Forty-seven implants from two implant systems (group A1 (sandblasted acid-etched [SLA]-16), group A2 (hydrophilic-modified SLA [SLActive]-16), and group B (sandblasted acid-etched [SLA]-15) were placed using standard surgical protocols. PICF samples, plaque index, gingival index and probing depth measurements were obtained at 1 and 3 mo after surgery. PICF levels of sRANKL, OPG, BMP-2/-7 were analyzed by ELISA.. No complications were observed during the healing period. No significant differences were observed in the PICF levels of sRANKL, OPG, BMP-2 and BMP-7 for all groups at any time point (p > 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in BMP-2 levels in group A1 (p < 0.05). A significant increase in BMP-7 levels was observed only for group A2 (p < 0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between OPG and gingival index and a negative correlation between BMP-7 and plaque index (p < 0.05).. Considering the correlations between clinical and biochemical parameters, the levels of these cytokines in PICF during early healing of implants reflects the degree of peri-implant inflammation, rather than differences in the implant surfaces.

Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Adult; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Dental Etching; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Prosthesis Design; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Male; Middle Aged; Osseointegration; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; RANK Ligand; Surface Properties

Recent studies point to the clinical utility of using peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) as a valuable diagnostic aid for monitoring peri-implant tissue health. The objectives of this study are to determine the levels of key biomarkers in PISF in periodontal maintenance participants and compare them with their corresponding levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) obtained from the same participants.. PISF and GCF were collected from an implant and a contralateral natural tooth after the clinical examination of 73 participants. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein, osteoprotegerin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined using multiplex proteomic immunoassays. The correlation of biomarker concentrations between GCF versus PISF, within GCF or PISF, and with several covariates (age, brushing frequency, days since professional cleaning, probing depth [PD], and plaque index) were also determined.. Significantly higher levels of IL-17A (P = 0.02) and TNF-α (P = 0.03) were noted in PISF when compared with their levels in GCF. Significant positive correlations were noted between the concentrations of cytokines in PISF versus their levels in GCF. Among the covariates, a significant positive correlation was noted between mean PDs around implants and levels of IL-1β (P <0.05) and IL-8 (P <0.05) in PISF.. The results of this study point to the differential expression of specific biomarkers in GCF versus their levels in PISF in periodontal maintenance patients, which is critical information before establishing PISF as a diagnostic fluid to monitor peri-implant health.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Prophylaxis; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Toothbrushing; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as varying glucose intolerance, with first onset or recognition in pregnancy. This study evaluates clinical and biochemical parameters in a possible association between GDM and gingivitis.. A total of 167 pregnant females was included in the study. There were 101 females with GDM and 66 females without GDM. Subgroups were created according to the presence or absence of gingival inflammation. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth were recorded at four sites per tooth. Serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation analysis.. Age and anthropometric indices were higher in the GDM than non-GDM group (P <0.0001). Clinical periodontal recordings, serum BAFF, IL-8, and saliva sRANKL levels were higher in the GDM group (P <0.05). Saliva IL-6 level was higher in the GDM with gingivitis group than non-GDM with gingivitis group (P = 0.044). Serum and GCF BAFF (P <0.0001), serum, saliva, and GCF APRIL (P <0.0001; P <0.0001; P = 0.032, respectively), GCF OPG (P = 0.036), and serum and saliva sRANKL (P <0.0001) were higher in the GDM with gingivitis group than GDM without gingivitis group.. The inflammatory response seems to be more pronounced in females with GDM. The observed increase in both local and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines may suggest an interaction between gingivitis and GDM.

Topics: Adult; B-Cell Activating Factor; Body Mass Index; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; Maternal Age; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Pregnancy; RANK Ligand; Saliva; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13

In this study, the relationships between total oxidant status (TOS) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and RANKL/OPG ratios in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are investigated in patients with chronic (CP) and generalized aggressive (GAgP) periodontitis.. Thirty patients with CP, 30 patients with GAgP, and 28 periodontally healthy controls were included in the study. After clinical measurements and samplings, serum and GCF TOS, RANKL, and OPG levels were determined by a novel automatic colorimetric method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.. Serum and GCF TOS, RANKL, and RANKL/OPG values were higher in the periodontitis groups compared with controls, and they were also higher in the GAgP group than the CP group (except serum and GCF RANKL). Furthermore, serum and GCF OPG concentrations were lower in the periodontitis groups than in controls. Strong positive and negative correlations were observed between the periodontal parameters TOS and bone resorption biomarkers.. The present results reveal that TOS, RANKL, and RANKL/OPG values are systemically and locally increased in periodontitis and that this increase is more evident in AgP than CP. These findings further suggest that oxidative stress is closely associated with the severity of periodontitis and bone resorption biomarkers.

Topics: Adult; Aggressive Periodontitis; Alveolar Bone Loss; Biomarkers; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Plaque Index; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Male; Osteoprotegerin; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; RANK Ligand; Reactive Oxygen Species; Young Adult

The aims of this study are to estimate the profile of bone loss biomarkers in peri-implant tissues and to identify potential prognostic biomarkers of peri-implantitis.. Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples collected from 164 participants (52 patients with peri-implantitis, 54 with mucositis, and 58 with healthy peri-implant tissues) were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to evaluate concentrations of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), soluble RANK ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), cathepsin-K, and sclerostin.. Concentrations of RANK, sRANKL, OPG, and sclerostin were significantly increased in patients with peri-implantitis compared with patients with healthy peri-implant tissues. Comparisons between peri-implantitis and mucositis demonstrated significantly higher values of sclerostin in peri-implantitis samples. Comparisons between mucositis and healthy peri-implant tissues showed significantly increased levels of RANK and cathepsin-K in mucositis.. These results are suggestive of a role of sRANKL, OPG, and sclerostin as prognostic biomarkers in peri-implantitis.

Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adult; Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Biomarkers; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Cathepsin K; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque Index; Female; Genetic Markers; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mucositis; Osteoprotegerin; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B

Besides their role in bone metabolism, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are also known to be associated with inflammation. We explored associations between the extent/severity of periodontitis and circulating levels of sRANKL and OPG and their ratio using a cross-sectional study design.. The extent of periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction and the serum levels of sRANKL (pg/ml) and OPG (pg/ml) were determined in 80 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Plaque-, age-, gender-, smoking-, HbA1c- and body mass index-adjusted associations between periodontal parameters and serum sRANKL, OPG and their ratio were studied using multiple linear regression analysis.. Adjusted regression analyses of all the subjects indicated a significant positive association between AL ≥ 4 mm and severity of periodontitis and the level of serum OPG. A major drop in the strength and statistical significance of the above association was observed when the analyses included only non-smokers. Serum sRANKL level and sRANKL/OPG ratio were not associated with periodontitis.. Our observations suggest that serum OPG may be an indicator of periodontal tissue destruction in T1DM.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; RANK Ligand; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Smoking; Young Adult

B-cells are prominent immune cells in established periodontitis lesions. Tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) cytokines play roles in supporting B-cell function as well as bone re-modelling. The influence of smoking on factors that support B-cell function in periodontitis remains unclear.. To investigate plasma concentrations of TNF (TNSF1A), soluble receptor activator of nuclear-factor Kappa-B ligand (sRANKL/TNFSF11), a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL/TNFSF13), B-cell activating factor (BAFF/TNFSF13B) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG/TNFRSF11B) in smokers and non-smokers with and without chronic periodontitis. Plasma concentrations of TNFSF and OPG were evaluated in 200 systemically healthy subjects divided into four groups: non-smokers with periodontitis (n = 101), smokers with periodontitis (n = 55), healthy non-smokers (n = 27) and healthy smokers (n = 17).. Periodontitis patients had significantly higher plasma sRANKL, TNF, APRIL and BAFF and lower OPG than healthy subjects (p < 0.01). TNF and sRANKL were significantly greater in smokers with periodontitis (p = 0.011, p = 0.001) and OPG concentrations significantly lower (p = 0.001), whereas APRIL or BAFF were little changed. Plasma APRIL, BAFF, sRANKL and TNF correlated with probing depth and clinical attachment loss.. TNFSF cytokines correlate with periodontitis disease severity. However, only TNF, sRANKL and OPG levels were altered by cigarette smoking. APRIL and BAFF appear as good indicators of disease severity.

Topics: Adult; B-Cell Activating Factor; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Remodeling; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Periodontitis; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium; RANK Ligand; Smoking; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factors

This study is performed to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17E, IL-17F, IL-17A/F, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis (OPR), and those who are systemically healthy (SH), all with periodontal disease.. GCF and serum samples were obtained before any periodontal intervention from 17 women with RA, 19 with OPR, and 13 who were SH with periodontitis. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. sRANKL, OPG, and IL-17 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.. Clinical periodontal measurements were similar in the three study groups. Although the total amounts of GCF albumin, OPG, IL-17A, and IL-17A/F were similar in the study groups, there were statistically significant differences in GCF concentrations of sRANKL, OPG, IL-17A, IL-17E, IL-17F, and IL-17A/F. The sRANKL/OPG ratios were significantly higher in the RA group than in the OPR and SH groups (P <0.05). Serum sRANKL, sRANKL/OPG, and IL-17A/IL-17E ratios were significantly higher, whereas OPG concentrations were significantly lower in the RA group compared to other groups (P <0.05). Serum IL-17A concentrations were significantly higher in the RA and OPR groups than in the SH group (P <0.05).. Increased inflammatory mediator levels in patients with RA, despite the long-term use of various anti-inflammatory drugs, suggest that these patients may have a propensity to overproduce these inflammatory mediators.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Albumins; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-17; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; RANK Ligand

The field of salivary diagnostics lacks an accepted and validated biomarker of alveolar bone remodeling. To address this, we examined levels of salivary biomolecules specifically associated with biological aspects of bone remodeling in subjects with chronic periodontitis in a case-control study.. Levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), osteoprotegerin, C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen and β-C-terminal type I collagen telopeptide in unstimulated whole saliva of 80 subjects (40 subjects with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and 40 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects) were measured using enzyme immunosorbent assays. Saliva was collected before clinical examination, which included probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing.. The mean level of MIP-1α in subjects with periodontitis was 18-fold higher than in healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Clinical periodontal indices correlated significantly with MIP-1α levels (p < 0.0001). Of the biomolecules examined, MIP-1α demonstrated the greatest ability to discriminate between periodontal disease and health as determined by the area under the curve (0.94) and classification and regression tree analysis (sensitivity 94% and specificity 92.7%). Osteoprotegerin levels were elevated 1.6-fold (p = 0.055), whereas C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen and β-C-terminal type I collagen telopeptide levels were below the level of detection in the majority of subjects.. These findings suggest that the chemokine MIP-1α may aid in identifying periodontitis. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether this biomarker can help in ascertaining the progression of bone loss in subjects with periodontal disease.

Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL3; Chronic Periodontitis; Collagen Type I; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Peptides; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult

Systemic conditions may affect host susceptibility, disease progression and severity as well as treatment response. Previously, low oestrogen (E(2)) levels were associated with increased bone resorption, due to increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased osteoclast apoptosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an essential cytokine for osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) OPG levels in menopausal and premenopausal patients with or without periodontitis, and effects of phase I periodontal therapy on GCF OPG levels.. Forty-four systemically healthy premenopausal and menopausal patients were recruited and divided into subgroups of periodontitis and control. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum E(2) levels were measured. Before and after phase I periodontal therapy clinical indices, including clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded, and GCF samples were collected. GCF OPG levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Repeated measurement ANOVA and Spearman correlation tests were used.. All clinical indices improved significantly after treatment(p<0.001), except Pre-M/C groups CAL reduction(p>0.05). Periodontitis groups' OPG levels were lower than gingivitis groups(p>0.05). Following periodontal phase I therapy, GCF OPG levels increased markedly in all groups, however this alteration was found statistically insignificant (p>0.05).. The current data revealed that GCF OPG levels were lower in periodontitis patients and phase I therapy resulted with increased GCF OPG levels, however those alterations were statistically insignificant. In addition, present data suggested that menopause do not seem to have a significant effect on periodontal status or response to phase I treatment, within the limits of this study.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Bone Density; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Estrogens; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Postmenopause; Premenopause; Root Planing

To determine plasma concentrations of bone metabolism markers in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic and to evaluate the influence of periodontitis on biomarkers of bone formation in these patient groups.. Plasma concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and osteocalcin were measured in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (n=63) and non-diabetics (n=38) who were also subdivided on the basis of their periodontal status.. Diabetics had significantly lower osteocalcin concentrations, lower RANKL to OPG ratios and higher OPG concentrations (as shown by other researchers) than non-diabetics. The ratio of RANKL to OPG was altered by the periodontal status. Osteocalcin had a negative correlation and OPG a positive correlation with the percentage of glycated haemoglobin in the blood.. Because, osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone formation, is lower in patients with periodontitis and in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis than in non-diabetics without periodontitis, this might indicate that diabetics are less able to replace bone lost during active bursts of periodontitis and explain the greater severity of disease seen in studies of patients with diabetes.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Collagen Type I; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingival Recession; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Osteoprotegerin; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Procollagen; RANK Ligand; Young Adult

The receptor activator for NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) plays an important role in osteoclast formation. A recent study with animal models suggests the involvement of RANKL in the pathogenesis of this periodontal disease. However, no one has examined the level of RANKL in the body fluid of human subjects. This communication reports on the in vivo concentrations of RANKL and the RANKL decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal subjects with severe, moderate, and mild forms of the disease. An increased concentration of RANKL and a decreased concentration of OPG were detected in GCF from patients with periodontitis (*p < 0.05 vs. control subjects). The ratio of the concentration of RANKL to that of OPG in the GCF was significantly higher for periodontal disease patients than for healthy subjects (*p < 0.01). Taken together, these data suggest that RANKL and OPG contribute to osteoclastic bone destruction in periodontal disease.. GCF, gingival crevicular fluid; IL, interleukin; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RANKL, receptor activator for NF-kappaB ligand.

Topics: Adult; Bone Resorption; Carrier Proteins; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Glycoproteins; Humans; Ligands; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Osteoclasts; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha