osteoprotegerin and Gingival-Hemorrhage

The aim of this study was to compare the release of bone markers during osseointegration of immediately loaded and nonloaded implants. Forty patients who were indicated for rehabilitation with dental implants randomly received either implant and prosthesis placement within 72 hours (group IM) or implant insertion and no prosthesis placement (group NL). Peri-implant crevicular fluid was collected immediately after implant insertion and 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after surgery and levels of osteoprotegerin, transforming growth factors, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and parathyroid hormone were evaluated using Luminex assay. Bleeding index and peri-implantar sulcus depth were also evaluated. The data were compared using statistical tests (α = 5%). No statistical difference was found regarding demographic and clinical parameters (p > .05). Transforming growth factors, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and parathyroid hormone presented an earlier release peak in group IM than in NL group (p < .05). Osteocalcin achieved higher levels in group IM versus group NL between 7 and 30 days of evaluation (p < .05). It may be concluded that earlier loading positively modulates bone mediators release around immediately loaded implants when compared with nonloaded dental implants.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Middle Aged; Osseointegration; Osteocalcin; Osteopontin; Osteoprotegerin; Parathyroid Hormone; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Prospective Studies; Transforming Growth Factor alpha; Young Adult

Besides their role in bone metabolism, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are also known to be associated with inflammation. We explored associations between the extent/severity of periodontitis and circulating levels of sRANKL and OPG and their ratio using a cross-sectional study design.. The extent of periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction and the serum levels of sRANKL (pg/ml) and OPG (pg/ml) were determined in 80 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Plaque-, age-, gender-, smoking-, HbA1c- and body mass index-adjusted associations between periodontal parameters and serum sRANKL, OPG and their ratio were studied using multiple linear regression analysis.. Adjusted regression analyses of all the subjects indicated a significant positive association between AL ≥ 4 mm and severity of periodontitis and the level of serum OPG. A major drop in the strength and statistical significance of the above association was observed when the analyses included only non-smokers. Serum sRANKL level and sRANKL/OPG ratio were not associated with periodontitis.. Our observations suggest that serum OPG may be an indicator of periodontal tissue destruction in T1DM.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; RANK Ligand; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Smoking; Young Adult

The field of salivary diagnostics lacks an accepted and validated biomarker of alveolar bone remodeling. To address this, we examined levels of salivary biomolecules specifically associated with biological aspects of bone remodeling in subjects with chronic periodontitis in a case-control study.. Levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), osteoprotegerin, C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen and β-C-terminal type I collagen telopeptide in unstimulated whole saliva of 80 subjects (40 subjects with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and 40 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects) were measured using enzyme immunosorbent assays. Saliva was collected before clinical examination, which included probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing.. The mean level of MIP-1α in subjects with periodontitis was 18-fold higher than in healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Clinical periodontal indices correlated significantly with MIP-1α levels (p < 0.0001). Of the biomolecules examined, MIP-1α demonstrated the greatest ability to discriminate between periodontal disease and health as determined by the area under the curve (0.94) and classification and regression tree analysis (sensitivity 94% and specificity 92.7%). Osteoprotegerin levels were elevated 1.6-fold (p = 0.055), whereas C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen and β-C-terminal type I collagen telopeptide levels were below the level of detection in the majority of subjects.. These findings suggest that the chemokine MIP-1α may aid in identifying periodontitis. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to determine whether this biomarker can help in ascertaining the progression of bone loss in subjects with periodontal disease.

Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL3; Chronic Periodontitis; Collagen Type I; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Peptides; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult

Systemic conditions may affect host susceptibility, disease progression and severity as well as treatment response. Previously, low oestrogen (E(2)) levels were associated with increased bone resorption, due to increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased osteoclast apoptosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an essential cytokine for osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) OPG levels in menopausal and premenopausal patients with or without periodontitis, and effects of phase I periodontal therapy on GCF OPG levels.. Forty-four systemically healthy premenopausal and menopausal patients were recruited and divided into subgroups of periodontitis and control. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum E(2) levels were measured. Before and after phase I periodontal therapy clinical indices, including clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded, and GCF samples were collected. GCF OPG levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Repeated measurement ANOVA and Spearman correlation tests were used.. All clinical indices improved significantly after treatment(p<0.001), except Pre-M/C groups CAL reduction(p>0.05). Periodontitis groups' OPG levels were lower than gingivitis groups(p>0.05). Following periodontal phase I therapy, GCF OPG levels increased markedly in all groups, however this alteration was found statistically insignificant (p>0.05).. The current data revealed that GCF OPG levels were lower in periodontitis patients and phase I therapy resulted with increased GCF OPG levels, however those alterations were statistically insignificant. In addition, present data suggested that menopause do not seem to have a significant effect on periodontal status or response to phase I treatment, within the limits of this study.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Bone Density; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Estrogens; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Postmenopause; Premenopause; Root Planing

To determine plasma concentrations of bone metabolism markers in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic and to evaluate the influence of periodontitis on biomarkers of bone formation in these patient groups.. Plasma concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen and osteocalcin were measured in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (n=63) and non-diabetics (n=38) who were also subdivided on the basis of their periodontal status.. Diabetics had significantly lower osteocalcin concentrations, lower RANKL to OPG ratios and higher OPG concentrations (as shown by other researchers) than non-diabetics. The ratio of RANKL to OPG was altered by the periodontal status. Osteocalcin had a negative correlation and OPG a positive correlation with the percentage of glycated haemoglobin in the blood.. Because, osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone formation, is lower in patients with periodontitis and in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis than in non-diabetics without periodontitis, this might indicate that diabetics are less able to replace bone lost during active bursts of periodontitis and explain the greater severity of disease seen in studies of patients with diabetes.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Resorption; Collagen Type I; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingival Recession; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Osteoprotegerin; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Procollagen; RANK Ligand; Young Adult

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of initial periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-17, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis.. At baseline, GCF samples were obtained from 10 smoking and 10 non-smoking systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Initial periodontal treatment, consisting of motivation and instruction for daily plaque control and scaling and root planing (SRP), was performed. GCF sampling and clinical periodontal measurements were repeated 4 weeks after completion of SRP. The data were tested statistically by the Student t and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and Spearman correlation analysis.. All clinical periodontal measurements had decreased significantly 4 weeks after SRP (P <0.001). GCF volume and the total amount and concentration of OPG decreased in smokers and non-smokers after SRP, whereas the IL-17 concentration increased (P <0.05). sRANKL levels did not differ between groups or with SRP (P >0.05). Significant correlations were found between baseline IL-17 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels and between baseline papilla bleeding index and OPG levels (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively).. Neither smoking nor periodontal inflammation seemed to influence GCF RANKL levels in systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis. Smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis were not affected differently by the initial periodontal treatment with regard to GCF IL-17 and OPG concentrations.

Topics: Adult; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Interleukin-17; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Oral Hygiene; Osteoprotegerin; Patient Education as Topic; Periodontal Index; RANK Ligand; Root Planing; Smoking

The receptor activator for NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) plays an important role in osteoclast formation. A recent study with animal models suggests the involvement of RANKL in the pathogenesis of this periodontal disease. However, no one has examined the level of RANKL in the body fluid of human subjects. This communication reports on the in vivo concentrations of RANKL and the RANKL decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal subjects with severe, moderate, and mild forms of the disease. An increased concentration of RANKL and a decreased concentration of OPG were detected in GCF from patients with periodontitis (*p < 0.05 vs. control subjects). The ratio of the concentration of RANKL to that of OPG in the GCF was significantly higher for periodontal disease patients than for healthy subjects (*p < 0.01). Taken together, these data suggest that RANKL and OPG contribute to osteoclastic bone destruction in periodontal disease.. GCF, gingival crevicular fluid; IL, interleukin; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RANKL, receptor activator for NF-kappaB ligand.

Topics: Adult; Bone Resorption; Carrier Proteins; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingival Hemorrhage; Glycoproteins; Humans; Ligands; Membrane Glycoproteins; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Osteoclasts; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; RANK Ligand; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha