osteoprotegerin and Diabetes--Gestational

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as varying glucose intolerance, with first onset or recognition in pregnancy. This study evaluates clinical and biochemical parameters in a possible association between GDM and gingivitis.. A total of 167 pregnant females was included in the study. There were 101 females with GDM and 66 females without GDM. Subgroups were created according to the presence or absence of gingival inflammation. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth were recorded at four sites per tooth. Serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation analysis.. Age and anthropometric indices were higher in the GDM than non-GDM group (P <0.0001). Clinical periodontal recordings, serum BAFF, IL-8, and saliva sRANKL levels were higher in the GDM group (P <0.05). Saliva IL-6 level was higher in the GDM with gingivitis group than non-GDM with gingivitis group (P = 0.044). Serum and GCF BAFF (P <0.0001), serum, saliva, and GCF APRIL (P <0.0001; P <0.0001; P = 0.032, respectively), GCF OPG (P = 0.036), and serum and saliva sRANKL (P <0.0001) were higher in the GDM with gingivitis group than GDM without gingivitis group.. The inflammatory response seems to be more pronounced in females with GDM. The observed increase in both local and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines may suggest an interaction between gingivitis and GDM.

Topics: Adult; B-Cell Activating Factor; Body Mass Index; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; Maternal Age; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Pregnancy; RANK Ligand; Saliva; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13

The aim of the study was to assess differences in circulating osteocalcin (OC) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), as well as in their expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placental tissue obtained from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).. Serum levels of OC, OPG and soluble nuclear factor-kB ligand (sRANKL) were measured in 49 women with GDM and 30 subjects with NGT between weeks 24-32 of gestation, and three months after childbirth. OC and OPG mRNA expression was measured in 23 patients with GDM and 23 women with NGT at term, using quantitative real-time RT-PCR.. The patients with GDM had decreased OC mRNA expression in SAT (p=0.015), lower adiponectin mRNA expression in VAT (p=0.039), and a lower circulating adiponectin level (p=0.04). Multiple regression analysis revealed that serum adiponectin was significantly associated with OC mRNA expression in SAT (b=0.49, p=0.03). Three months postpartum, the OPG/sRANKL ratio was markedly higher in the subjects with prior GDM (p=0.03) and correlated positively with HbA1c (R=0.33; p=0.04), fasting insulin (R=0.35; p=0.03) and HOMA-IR (R=0.34; p=0.04).. In the patients with GDM decreased OC mRNA expression in SAT might be associated with a reduced stimulatory effect on adiponectin expression in adipose tissue. On the other hand, higher OPG/sRANKL ratio suggests a better protection against bone loss in the subjects with prior GDM.

Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Osteocalcin; Osteoprotegerin; Placenta; Poland; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Subcutaneous Fat; Young Adult

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a novel soluble member of tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been shown to link cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential relationship between serum OPG levels, cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in a relatively large group of women with previous GDM. In this cross-sectional case-control study, 128 women with previous GDM and 67 age-matched controls were enrolled. Subjects were evaluated for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome according to the criteria of the American Heart Association (AHA). Fasting glucose, insulin, serum lipids, CRP and OPG were assayed. HOMA score was calculated. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was measured. There was no significant increase in OPG levels in women with previous GDM when compared to controls. On the other hand, women with previous GDM developing metabolic syndrome had higher OPG levels than those without metabolic syndrome and healthy controls. Serum OPG levels were associated with obesity, insulin resistance, serum CRP and carotid IMT. Serum OPG is related to cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome, and might be involved in the development of cardiovascular disorders in women with previous GDM.

Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Osteoprotegerin; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Tunica Intima; Tunica Media; Turkey; Ultrasonography

Topics: Bone Resorption; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Osteoprotegerin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Circulating levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been shown to be increased in patients with cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine serum OPG levels in women with previous gestational diabetes (GDM), and to investigate the relationship between OPG and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and circulating cardiovascular risk factors. Serum OPG was measured in 46 women with previous GDM and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Carotid IMT was evaluated. Serum lipid, insulin and hsCRP levels, plasma fibrinogen, vWF and PAI-1 levels were measured. Serum OPG levels tended to be increased in women with previous GDM (p=0.058). Carotid IMT was increased in the study group. Women with previous GDM had elevated levels of hsCRP and PAI-1. OPG levels were positively correlated with age, fasting and post-load glucose levels, hsCRP, and carotid IMT. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum OPG was a statistically significant predictor for elevated carotid IMT. Our results revealed that OPG levels tended to be elevated in women with previous GDM. Significant association of OPG with carotid IMT suggested that OPG might play a role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in women with previous GDM.

Topics: Adult; Carotid Arteries; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Osteoprotegerin; Pregnancy; Tunica Intima; Tunica Media