orphenadrine and Parkinson Disease studies

Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.
orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.

Parkinson Disease: A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In 13 elderly patients, 12 of whom had Parkinson's disease, visual hallucinations and delirium developed as a side effect of amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel) therapy."	7.65	Visual hallucinations and delirium during treatment with amantadine (Symmetrel). ( Postma, JU; Van Tilburg, W, 1975)
"In 13 elderly patients, 12 of whom had Parkinson's disease, visual hallucinations and delirium developed as a side effect of amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel) therapy."	3.65	Visual hallucinations and delirium during treatment with amantadine (Symmetrel). ( Postma, JU; Van Tilburg, W, 1975)
" Hence we would advise that if for any reason anticholinergic drugs are to be withdrawn in patients receiving a stable dosage of levodopa this must be done slowly."	2.64	Levodopa in Parkinsonism: the effects of withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs. ( Hughes, RC; Polgar, JG; Walton, JN; Weightman, D, 1971)
"The treatment of Parkinson's disease today is complex, time-consuming, but rewarding."	2.35	Advances in the management of parkinson's disease. ( Marsden, CD, 1976)
"This outnumbered sales to patients with Parkinson's disease by >20 to 1."	1.35	The use and potential abuse of anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs in Norway: a pharmacoepidemiological study. ( Bramness, JG; Gjerden, P; Slørdal, L, 2009)
"The STN rest electrical activity in Parkinson's disease, however, is still unclear."	1.32	Rhythm-specific pharmacological modulation of subthalamic activity in Parkinson's disease. ( Bianchi, AM; Foffani, G; Locatelli, M; Moxon, KA; Pellegrini, M; Pesenti, A; Priori, A; Tamma, F; Villani, RM, 2004)
"The effect of chronic intake of the anticholinergic drug orphenadrine on the bioavailability of levodopa was studied in six patients with Parkinson's disease."	1.28	Combined levodopa-anticholinergic therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Effect on levodopa bioavailability. ( Albani, F; Baruzzi, A; Contin, M; Martinelli, P; Procaccianti, G; Riva, R, 1991)
" In the sixth year, it appeared necessary to increase the dosage in the first three groups."	1.27	Low-dosage treatment in de novo patients with Parkinson's disease: a prospective study. ( van der Drift, JH, 1987)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	43 (89.58)	18.7374
1990's	2 (4.17)	18.2507
2000's	3 (6.25)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Gjerden, P	2
Bramness, JG	2
Slørdal, L	2
KOSTER, S	1
DOSHAY, LJ	1
CONSTABLE, K	1
MASCIOCCHI, A	1
SFRONDINI, E	1
ROSENFELD, S	1
NAYAMPALLI, SS	1
GOLDNER, MG	1
RUDRAUF, J	1
CHALLOU, C	1
MEURICE, E	1
ONUAGULUCHI, G	1
BAUER, H	1
GERSTENBRAND, F	1
PATEISKY, K	1
GILLINGHAM, FJ	1
KALYANARAMAN, S	1
STRANG, RR	4
ERNSTING, W	1
MUELLER, TH	1
ROBINSON, LR	1
DICK, TH	1
Priori, A	1
Foffani, G	1
Pesenti, A	1
Tamma, F	1
Bianchi, AM	1
Pellegrini, M	1
Locatelli, M	1
Moxon, KA	1
Villani, RM	1
Wheatley, D	1
Van Spaendonck, KP	1
Berger, HJ	1
Horstink, MW	1
Buytenhuijs, EL	1
Cools, AR	1
Korczyn, AD	1
Goldberg, GJ	1
Dainow, II	1
Postma, JU	1
Van Tilburg, W	1
Gerlach, J	1
Rasmussen, PT	1
Hansen, L	1
Kristjansen, P	1
Marsden, CD	1
Parkenberg, H	1
Contin, M	1
Riva, R	1
Martinelli, P	1
Procaccianti, G	1
Albani, F	1
Baruzzi, A	1
Mugglestone, CJ	1
Bassi, S	1
Albizzati, MG	1
Calloni, E	1
Sbacchi, M	1
Frattola, L	1
van der Drift, JH	1
Walls, TJ	1
Dick, DJ	1
Fletcher, J	1
Zheng, JH	1
Birket-Smith, E	1
Naylor, RJ	1
Costall, B	1
Mindham, RH	1
Gaind, R	1
Anstee, BH	1
Rimmer, L	1
Broe, GA	1
Caird, FI	1
Whyte, RK	1
Hunter, KR	1
Laurence, DR	1
Stern, GM	1
Armitage, P	1
Ban, T	1
Hojo, M	1
Stern, G	1
Boman, K	1
Meurman, T	1
Hughes, RC	1
Polgar, JG	1
Weightman, D	1
Walton, JN	1
Aquilonius, SM	1
Tiselius, P	1
Ekdawi, MY	1
Fowke, R	1

Article	Year
Extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptics. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1976, Volume: 39, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Extrap	1976
Antiparkinsonian agents and long-term neuroleptic treatment. Effect of G 31.406, orphenadrine, and placebo on parkinsonism, schizophrenic symptoms, depression and anxiety. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1977, Volume: 55, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Anxiety; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressi	1977
Experiences with cogentin in the treatment of Parkinsonism. A one-year controlled study of 94 patients. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1966, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression, Chemical; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Human	1966
Comparison of amantadine, orphenadrine, and placebo in the control of phenothiazine-induced Parkinsonism. Psychological medicine, 1972, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Affect; Amantadine; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evaluation Studies as Topic; F	1972
Levodopa and orphenadrine hydrochloride in Parkinsonism. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1971, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Evaluation Studies as	1971
Orphenadrine ("Disipal") in the treatment of Parkinsonism: a two-year study of 150 patients. The Medical journal of Australia, 1965, Sep-11, Volume: 2, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orphenadri	1965
Levodopa in Parkinsonism: the effects of withdrawal of anticholinergic drugs. British medical journal, 1971, May-29, Volume: 2, Issue:5760 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Methods; Neurologic Ma	1971

Article	Year
The use and potential abuse of anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs in Norway: a pharmacoepidemiological study. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Biperiden; Cholinergic Antagoni	2009
The use of antipsychotic and anticholinergic antiparkinson drugs in Norway after the withdrawal of orphenadrine. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Cholinergic Antagonists; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; N	2009
[Experience with disipal (BS 5930) in paralysis agitans]. Geneeskundige gids, 1955, Jul-21, Volume: 33, Issue:15 Topics: Diphenhydramine; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease	1955
Treatment of paralysis agitans with orphenadrine (disipal) hydrochloride; results in one hundred seventy-six cases. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1957, Apr-13, Volume: 163, Issue:15 Topics: Diphenhydramine; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Salts	1957
[Disipal in the treatment of post-encephalitic parkinsonism]. Rassegna di neuropsichiatria e scienze affini, 1958, Volume: 12, Issue:3-4 Topics: Diphenhydramine; Encephalitis; Humans; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Parkinson Disease, Postencep	1958
An evaluation of orphenadrine hydrochloride (disipal). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1959, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Diphenhydramine; Humans; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease	1959
[Clinical study on the combined action of orphenadrine and thioproperazine: correction of neuroleptic impregnation and therapeutic synergism]. Acta neurologica et psychiatrica Belgica, 1961, Volume: 61 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Drug Interactions; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease; Phenot	1961
[Disipal and the correction of parkinsonism induced by neuroleptics. (A critical review)]. Acta neurologica et psychiatrica Belgica, 1961, Volume: 61 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; P	1961
Investigations into the so-called reserpine Parkinsonoid in chronic schizophrenics and its treatment with orphenadrine (disipal). Folia psychiatrica, neurologica et neurochirurgica Neerlandica, 1959, Volume: 62 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Humans; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Reserpine; Schizophrenia	1959
Assessment of drug therapy in Parkinsonism. British medical journal, 1963, Feb-16, Volume: 1, Issue:5328 Topics: Humans; Nortropanes; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders	1963
[TREATMENT OF SEVERE PARKINSON'S SYNDROME WITH ORPHENADRINE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MENTAL ACTIVITY]. Medizinische Klinik, 1963, Sep-13, Volume: 58 Topics: Humans; Mental Processes; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders	1963
[CONTRIBUTION TO THE THERAPY AND REHABILITATION OF PARKINSON'S SYNDROME]. Wiener Zeitschrift fur Nervenheilkunde und deren Grenzgebiete, 1963, Volume: 21 Topics: Histamine H1 Antagonists; Neurosurgery; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease; Parkins	1963
PARKINSON'S DISEASE. Physiotherapy, 1963, Dec-10, Volume: 49 Topics: Amitriptyline; Dextroamphetamine; Humans; Imipramine; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Neurosurgery; Orphe	1963
ORPHENADRINE IN THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. Current medicine and drugs, 1964, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Biomedical Research; Geriatrics; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Pharmacolo	1964
[DISIPAL IN THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE. A STUDY CONCERNING 80 PATIENTS IN A 6-MONTH PERIOD]. Svenska lakartidningen, 1964, Sep-16, Volume: 61 Topics: Drug Therapy; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Research	1964
[The treatment of the Parkinson syndrome with disipal (BS 5930)]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1955, Apr-09, Volume: 99, Issue:15 Topics: Diphenhydramine; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease	1955
[On the medicinal treatment of Parkinson's syndrome. Clinical experiences with disipal]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1960, Apr-23, Volume: 110 Topics: Humans; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease	1960
A clinical assessment of orphenadrine (disipal) in the treatment of Parkinsonism. The Ulster medical journal, 1960, Jun-01, Volume: 29 Topics: Humans; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders	1960
Rhythm-specific pharmacological modulation of subthalamic activity in Parkinson's disease. Experimental neurology, 2004, Volume: 189, Issue:2 Topics: Action Potentials; Adult; Aged; Alpha Rhythm; Antiparkinson Agents; Apomorphine; Beta Rhythm; Biolog	2004
Combined treatment in Parkinson's disease. The Practitioner, 1983, Volume: 227, Issue:1377 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Antiparkinson Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	1983
Impaired cognitive shifting in parkinsonian patients on anticholinergic therapy. Neuropsychologia, 1993, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytics; Parkinson Dise	1993
Deaths after overdoses of orphenadrine. Lancet (London, England), 1977, Sep-24, Volume: 2, Issue:8039 Topics: Drug Interactions; Humans; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Phenothiazines	1977
Visual hallucinations and delirium during treatment with amantadine (Symmetrel). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1975, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Amantadine; Benztropine; Biperiden; Delirium; Drug Eruptions; Female; Hallucinations; Humans;	1975
[Treatment of parkinsonism]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1976, Apr-26, Volume: 138, Issue:18 Topics: Amantadine; Benztropine; Biperiden; Humans; Levodopa; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Procyclidine;	1976
Combined levodopa-anticholinergic therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Effect on levodopa bioavailability. Clinical neuropharmacology, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy,	1991
Dangers of orphenadrine in psychiatric patients. Lancet (London, England), 1985, Sep-14, Volume: 2, Issue:8455 Topics: Humans; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Risk; Substance-Related Disorders	1985
Treatment of Parkinson's disease with orphenadrine alone and in combination with L-dopa. The British journal of clinical practice, 1986, Volume: 40, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Orphenadrine; Parkinso	1986
Low-dosage treatment in de novo patients with Parkinson's disease: a prospective study. Advances in neurology, 1987, Volume: 45 Topics: Aged; Bromocriptine; Carbidopa; Disability Evaluation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combin	1987
Problems with inactivation of drugs used in Parkinson's disease. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1985, Feb-09, Volume: 290, Issue:6466 Topics: Aged; Bromocriptine; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Suspensions	1985
[Therapeutic effect of disipal in Parkinson's disease]. Zhonghua shen jing jing shen ke za zhi = Chinese journal of neurology and psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease	1985
Abnormal involuntary movements induced by anticholinergic therapy. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1974, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Biperiden; Dibenzazepines; Female; Humans; Mastication; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Orphe	1974
The relationship between the inhibition of dopamine uptake and the enhancement of amphetamine stereotypy. Life sciences. Pt. 1: Physiology and pharmacology, 1971, Aug-15, Volume: 10, Issue:16 Topics: Amantadine; Amphetamine; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chlorpheniramine; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists	1971
Levodopa for parkinsonism in elderly and demented patients. The Medical journal of Australia, 1973, Mar-31, Volume: 1, Issue:13 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dementia; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Drug Sy	1973
A comparative study of the effects of anti-parkinson drugs on the oxotremorine-induced EEG and muscular activities. Psychopharmacologia, 1971, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Diphenhydramine; Drug Antagonism; Electroencephalography; Male; Muscle Tonus; Muscles; Orph	1971
Parkinsonism and dopa. The New Zealand medical journal, 1969, Volume: 69, Issue:444 Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; New Zealand; Orphenadrine; Parkinson Disease; Parkinson Disease, Pos	1969
Parkinsonism. British medical journal, 1969, Nov-29, Volume: 4, Issue:5682 Topics: Agranulocytosis; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Humans; Middle Aged; Nausea; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholyti	1969
Investigations on the effect of some drugs on the Parkinsonian rigidity. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1970, Volume: 46, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Atropine; Biperiden; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contr	1970
Measurement of rigidity and tremor in Parkinson's disease. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1969, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Elasticity; Humans; Joint Diseases; Joints; Movement; Orphenadrine; Oscillometry; Parasympatholytics	1969
Antiparkinsonism drugs. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1965, Mar-12, Volume: 7, Issue:6 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Atropine; Diphenhydramine; Humans; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytics; Parkinso	1965
A controlled trial of anti-Parkinson drugs in drug-induced Parkinsonism. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1966, Volume: 112, Issue:487 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chlorpromazine; Haloperidol; Humans; Middle Aged; Orphenadrine; Parasympatholytic	1966

orphenadrine and Parkinson Disease

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (48)

Authors

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Other Studies