orabase and Tooth-Erosion

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-erosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (F: 225 ppm F-), stannous chloride (Sn: 800 ppm Sn2+), and some film-forming polymers (Gantrez: Poly [methylvinylether-alt-maleic anhydride]; PGA: propylene glycol alginate; Plasdone: poly[vinylpyrrolidone]; and CMC: carboxymethylcellulose). Solutions were tested in an erosion-remineralization cycling model, using enamel and dentin specimens (n = 10, for each substrate). Distilled water was the negative control. Cycling consisted of 120 min immersion in human saliva, 5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, and 120 min of exposure to human saliva, 4×/day, for 5 days. Treatment with solutions (pH = 4.5) was carried out 2×/day, for 2 min. Surface loss (SL) was evaluated with optical profilometry. Zeta potential of hydroxyapatite crystals was determined after treatment with the solutions. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For enamel, all polymers showed significantly lower SL (in µm) than the control (11.09 ± 0.94), except PGA (10.15 ± 1.25). PGA significantly improved the protective effect of F (4.24 ± 0.97 vs. 5.64 ± 1.60, respectively). None of the polymers increased the protection of F+Sn (5.13 ± 0.78). For dentin, only Gantrez (11.40 ± 0.97) significantly reduced SL when compared with the negative control (12.76 ± 0.75). No polymer was able to enhance the effect of F (6.28 ± 1.90) or F+Sn (7.21 ± 1.13). All fluoridated solutions demonstrated significantly lower SL values than the control for both substrates. Treatment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with all solutions resulted in more negative zeta potentials than those of the control, except Plasdone, PGA, and F+Sn+PGA, the latter two presenting the opposite effect. In conclusion, Gantrez, Plasdone, and CMC exhibited an anti-erosive effect on enamel. PGA increased the protection of F. For dentin, only Gantrez reduced erosion.

Topics: Alginates; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Maleates; Polymers; Polyvinyls; Povidone; Sodium Fluoride; Tin Compounds; Tin Fluorides; Tooth Erosion

This study investigated if the incorporation of the bioadhesive polymers Carbopol 980, Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and Aristoflex AVC in a fluoridated solution (NaF-900ppm) would increase the solution's protective effect against enamel erosion.. Enamel specimens were submitted to a 5-day de-remineralization cycling model, consisting of 2min immersions in 0.3% citric acid (6x/day), 1min treatments with the polymers (associated or not with fluoride), and 60min storage in artificial saliva. Ultrapure water was used as the negative control and a 900ppm fluoride solution as positive control. The initial Knoop microhardness (KHN1) was used to randomize the samples into groups. Another two microhardness assessments were performed after the first (KHN2) and second (KHN3) acid immersions, to determine initial erosion in the first day. The formula: %KHN. For %KHN. It is concluded that Carbopol enhanced NaF's protection against initial erosion. Carbopol alone or associated with NaF was able to reduce SL after several erosive challenges.. Carbopol by itself was able to reduce the erosive wear magnitude to the same extent as the sodium fluoride, therefore, is a promising agent to prevent or control enamel erosion.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adhesives; Animals; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cattle; Citric Acid; Dental Enamel; Fluorides; Hardness; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Incisor; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphates; Polymers; Saliva, Artificial; Sodium Fluoride; Surface Properties; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Erosion

Various formulations of artificial saliva are present in the literature and little guidance is available on the standardization of type of saliva for use in in vitro protocols for erosive studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralizing capacity of different formulations of artificial saliva on initial enamel erosive lesion.. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected to short-term acidic exposure by immersion in citric acid 0.05 M (pH 2.5) for 15s, resulting in surface softening without tissue loss. Then 90 selected eroded enamel blocks were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups according to saliva formulation (n=15): Saliva 1 (contain mucin); Saliva 2 (Saliva 1 without mucin); Saliva 3; Saliva 4; Saliva 5 (contain sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) and control (C) (deionized water). After demineralization enamel blocks were subjected to remineralization by immersion in the saliva's formulations for 2h. Enamel remineralization was measured by superficial hardness test (% superficial hardness change). The data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05).. All the tested formulations of artificial saliva resulted in significantly higher enamel remineralization compared to control (p<0.001). Saliva 3 showed higher percentage of enamel remineralization than Saliva 5 (p<0.05).. Besides the variety of artificial saliva for erosion in vitro protocols, all the formulations tested were able to partially remineralize initial erosive lesions.

Topics: Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cattle; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chlorides; Citric Acid; Dental Enamel; Durapatite; Hardness; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Materials Testing; Mucins; Phosphates; Random Allocation; Saliva, Artificial; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Remineralization; Water

Besides the use of saliva substitutes, patients suffering from hyposalivation are instructed to apply fluoride products to prevent caries. Some saliva substitutes have been shown to demineralise enamel; an effect that might be counteracted by the application of fluoride gels or mouthrinses. Combined use of these products with remineralising or neutral saliva substitutes might result in more pronounced remineralisation.. Demineralised bovine enamel specimens were either stored in mineral water [W, control; saturation with respect to octacalcium phosphate (S(OCP)): 0.7], an experimental demineralising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based solution (C, S(OCP): 0.3), or in a modified (S(OCP)) saliva substitute [Saliva natura (SN), S(OCP): 1.6] for five weeks (37 degrees C). After two weeks half of the exposed surfaces were nail varnished. The following treatments were applied twice daily for 10min each time (n=14-18/group): 1: no treatment, 2: Meridol mouthrinse, 3: Elmex sensitive mouthrinse, 4: ProSchmelz fluoride gel, and 5: Elmex gelée. Mineral parameters before and after storage were evaluated from microradiographs.. Specimens stored in C showed significantly higher mineral loss compared to W and SN (p<0.05; ANOVA). For C additional use of fluorides resulted in less demineralisation (p<0.05) compared to C alone. SN in combination with ProSchmelz led to significantly higher remineralisation compared to all other groups (p<0.05).. Use of fluorides reduces the detrimental effects of the demineralising solution. Treatment with ProSchmelz in combination with storage in a saliva substitute supersaturated with respect to OCP yielded to most pronounced remineralisation under the conditions chosen.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cariostatic Agents; Cattle; Dental Enamel; Drug Combinations; Fluorides, Topical; Microradiography; Mouthwashes; Saliva, Artificial; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Remineralization

Firstly, to evaluate the in vitro anti-erosion efficacy of a new mouthrinse formulation containing 450 ppm fluoride using profilometry and microindentation. Secondly, to compare fluoride uptake by erosive lesions from two mouthrinses containing different fluoride sources using dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (DSIMS).. Sound human enamel was treated (60s) with mouthrinses containing different fluoride concentrations, then immersed in 1.0% citric acid pH 3.8 for either 300 s or 30 min (Studies 1 & 2 respectively). Surface roughness and erosion depth were determined profilometrically in Study 1, and surface microhardness monitored as a function of time in Study 2. Lesion rehardening was monitored following a 60 s rinse and immersion in artificial saliva for 48 h (Study 3), whilst Study 4 employed DSIMS to quantify fluoride uptake by lesions treated (60s) with rinses containing either sodium fluoride (NaF) or a NaF/Olaflur/stannous chloride combination.. The test rinse (450 ppm fluoride) suppressed surface roughening and bulk tissue loss versus all comparators (p< 0.0001), except in the latter measure for the rinse containing 112 ppm fluoride. The test rinse significantly inhibited enamel surface softening versus the three rinses containing ≤112 ppm fluoride (as NaF) at 30 min (p<0.05), but was not statistically significantly different from the 225 ppm fluoride rinse. The test rinse conferred statistically superior lesion rehardening versus all comparators at both 24 and 48 h (p< 0.0001). DSIMS demonstrated statistically significantly higher fluoride uptake by incipient erosive lesions treated with the test rinse versus the NaF/Olaflur/stannous rinse.. Anti-erosion efficacy was positively correlated with fluoride concentration. DSIMS showed significantly higher levels of fluoride uptake by incipient erosive lesions treated with the 450 ppm fluoride rinse versus the NaF/Olaflur/stannous rinse.

Topics: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Dental Enamel; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Fluorides, Topical; Hardness; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Mass Spectrometry; Mouthwashes; Pharmaceutic Aids; Polymers; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Povidone; Pyrrolidines; Surface Properties; Tooth Erosion; Vinyl Compounds

Firstly, determine the effect of pre-treating sound human enamel with a hydrosoluble combination polymer system (TriHydra™) comprising 0.20% carboxymethylcellulose, 0.010% xanthan gum and 0.75% copovidone, alone or in combination with fluoride, on in vitro erosion by citric acid. Secondly, investigate the effect of the polymers on fluoride uptake by incipient erosive lesions.. Study 1: Sound enamel specimens were treated (60s, 20°C, 150 rpm) with either (i) deionised water, (ii) polymers in deionised water, (iii) 300 mg/L fluoride or (iv) polymers in 300 mg/L fluoride. Specimen groups (n=5) were then immersed in 1.0% citric acid (pH 3.8, 300 s, 20°C, 50 rpm) and non-contact profilometry was used to determine surface roughness (Sa) and bulk tissue loss. Study 2: Incipient erosive lesions were similarly treated with (i)-(iv). Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (DSIMS) was then used to determine the fluoride depth-distribution.. Study 1: Mean±SD Sa and erosion depths for treatment groups (i)-(iv) were (a)657±243, (b)358±50, (c)206±72, (d)79±16 nm and (a)19.73±8.70, (b)2.52±1.34, (b)0.49±0.34 and (b)0.31±0.21 mm respectively (matching superscripts denote statistically equivalent groups). Study 2: Lesions treated with (iii) and (iv) exhibited similar fluoride penetration depths (∼ 60 μm). Mean fluoride intensity ratios based on F/(F+P) at 1 μm for treatment groups (i)-(iv) were (a)0.010±0.004, (a)0.011±0.004, (b)0.803±0.148 and (c)0.994±0.004 respectively.. The combination polymer system exhibited anti-erosion efficacy in its own right. The polymer/fluoride admixture statistically significantly reduced Sa, however suppression of bulk tissue loss was not statistically significantly different versus either treatment alone. The presence of polymer appears to promote fluoride uptake by erosive lesions most noticeably in the first 6 μm.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Dental Enamel; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Mouthwashes; Pharmaceutic Aids; Polymers; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Povidone; Pyrrolidines; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surface Properties; Tooth Erosion; Vinyl Compounds