orabase and Foreign-Body-Reaction

Hernias can be repaired by reinforcement of damaged fascia using biomaterials to provide stabilisation. Repair materials are usually porous, through which cells infiltrate, proliferate and secrete ECM. Their efficacy relies on good tissue integration and resolution of host defence mechanisms. Therefore, understanding the dynamics by which biomaterials interact with tissue will provide knowledge to advance prosthesis design. Furthermore, determining host response in real time would provide significant advantage both clinically and scientifically over the current terminal process of histology.. 3 materials comprising synthetic and composite (synthetic materials hybridised with a resorbable biologic component) meshes were implanted into a rat full-thickness abdominal wall excision model. Their efficacy was evaluated using histopathology whilst also monitoring systemic concentrations of cytokines associated with inflammation and wound healing to predict material outcome over 12 weeks.. The noncomposite material (polyester) and Material B (polypropylene mesh with oligocaprone film and polydioxanone glue) stimulated the largest degree of adhesion from the 3 materials tested, although after 28 days adhesions were stronger to Material B. Histologically, all 3 materials integrated well with abdominal musculature and infiltrated completely with cells.. Analysis of systemic inflammation biomarkers confirmed inflammation elicited by surgeries and meshes irrespective of their composition. However, at an early postoperative endpoint (i.e., 1 week), some biomarkers, namely, IL-18 and RANTES, appeared to discriminate the noncomposite mesh from the composite materials, although in this study all materials successfully repaired the defects without recurrence or external indicators of postoperative chronic pain.

Topics: Abdominal Wall; Absorbable Implants; Animals; Biomarkers; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cytokines; Foreign-Body Reaction; Herniorrhaphy; Hyaluronic Acid; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Models, Animal; Polydioxanone; Polyesters; Polypropylenes; Prosthesis Design; Rats, Wistar; Surgical Mesh; Time Factors; Tissue Adhesives; Wound Healing

We report 2 cases of a foreign body reaction to Radiesse, a semipermanent soft-tissue filler consisting of 30% calcium hydroxylapatite microspheres and 70% carboxymethyl cellulose gel carrier. In one case, injection of this filler provoked a nodule on the columella, which was discovered during rhinoplasty. In the second case, the reaction was revealed during histopathologic examination of the deep section of a surgically removed basal-cell carcinoma. Histopathology showed a foreign body reaction with numerous giant cells and histiocytes, some plasma cells, and lymphocytes. Within this inflammatory reaction, a nonpolarizing exogenous material was identified consisting of numerous, round, uniformly sized, yellowish, extracellular deposits with a crackled appearance. Although many authors claim that Radiesse does not induce any foreign body reactions, we found a number of similar histopathologic pictures in studies describing animal or human auricular area test sites or even in reports of lip nodules, which are a well-known adverse effect after injection of this filler into this site. The histopathologic appearance of Radiesse is particularly distinctive and easily recognizable by dermatologists and dermatopathologists.

Topics: Adult; Biocompatible Materials; Biopsy; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cosmetic Techniques; Durapatite; Female; Foreign-Body Reaction; Gels; Humans; Incidental Findings; Injections; Middle Aged; Patient Safety; Risk Factors

We describe the histopathology of ossicular grafts and implants so as to provide insight into factors that may influence functional results after surgery for chronic otitis media.. Histopathologic observations were made on 56 cases: 50 surgical specimens and 6 temporal bone cases in which the graft was sectioned in situ.. Autogenous malleus, incus, and cortical bone grafts behaved in a similar manner and maintained their morphological size, shape, and contour for extended periods of time, at least up to 30 years. These histopathologic observations support the continued use of autograft ossicular and cortical bone grafts for middle ear reconstruction. Cartilage grafts developed chondromalacia with resulting loss of stiffness and showed a tendency to undergo resorption. Synthetic prostheses made of porous plastic (Plastipore, Polycel) elicited foreign body giant cell reactions with various degrees of biodegradation of the implants. Prostheses made of hydroxyapatite and Bioglass were enveloped by a lining of connective tissue and mucosal epithelium. The Bioglass material was broken down into small fragments and partially resorbed by a host response within the middle ear. These results warrant caution in the use of prostheses made of porous plastic or Bioglass.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Resorption; Bone Transplantation; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Ceramics; Child; Chronic Disease; Ear Cartilage; Ear Ossicles; Foreign-Body Reaction; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body; Humans; Middle Aged; Ossicular Prosthesis; Osteocytes; Otitis Media; Polyethylenes; Polypropylenes; Prosthesis Failure

The cause of ossicular prosthesis extrusion remains an issue of interest to many otologists. This study evaluated the change in material surfaces and chemical elements of extruded total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORPs) and partial ossicular replacement prostheses (PORPs).. A total of nine extruded Polycel ossicular prostheses (four TORPs, five PORPs) from nine patients was investigated using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Three prostheses (TORPs) obtained during revision surgery for hearing restoration were used as control subjects for EDX study.. All subjects from the study group showed loss of fibrous capsule at both platform and shaft in the extruded prostheses. In comparison with the control group, the extruded prostheses had a lower level of carbon element (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.05).. Loss of fibrous capsule and micro-degradation are probably two of the many factors that contribute to the extrusion of ossicular prostheses.

Topics: Carbon; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Equipment Failure Analysis; Foreign-Body Reaction; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Ossicular Prosthesis; Prosthesis Failure; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Surface Properties

The preparation and some properties of in situ curing porous acrylic cement, a modification of the traditional bone cement, are described. Through numerous animal experiments, the behavior of the porous cement in a biological environment has been studied. The histological evaluation reveals that hard and soft tissues readily grow into the pores of the cement, thus anchoring the implant to the host tissues. Some inflammatory foci, decreasing in number with residence time, together with varying numbers of multinucleated giant cells were found occasionally in the tissues in and around implants. When implanted in soft tissues, the porous cement behaved favorably with respect to solid acrylic implants because of the immobility of the implants and the absence of ectopic hard tissue formation. The biocompatibility of porous acrylic cement is judged to justify clinical trials in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Cements; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Foreign-Body Reaction; Methylcellulose; Methylmethacrylate; Methylmethacrylates; Prostheses and Implants; Wound Healing

Topics: Animals; Bronchography; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Foreign-Body Reaction; Lung; Neutrophils; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Plant Oils; Rabbits; Time Factors