orabase and Dental-Caries

Home-care use of fluoride (F) requires a motivated individual and several F products rely on a person's ability to follow instructions and to cooperate with the treatment. The aim of this crossover study was to investigate concentrations, distribution in the oral cavity and duration of the elevated F concentrations after using four F products: (1) a mucosa adhesive paste with 0.1% F, (2) a mouth rinsing solution with 0.2% NaF, (3) toothpaste containing 0.5% F and (4) a tablet with 0.75 mg F. Fourteen subjects used the four products in randomized order either during the daytime or just before going to bed. The F concentration was measured both in saliva and at interproximal sites. After 6 h of sleep, the F concentration after using the mucosa adhesive paste and the mouth rinse solution was high in saliva. In the interproximal area, the adhesive paste showed the highest values. During daytime use, all the products increased the F concentration, but only the mucosa adhesive paste and the rinsing solution elevated F in saliva for up to 2 h. In the interproximal area, the paste increased the F concentration most. In conclusion, this study showed that the mucosa adhesive paste and the mouth rinse solution led to higher F concentrations and for a longer time than tablets and toothpaste. For patients who are unable to comply with traditional F treatment, an F-containing adhesive paste therefore has the potential to be a useful vehicle. For individuals who are able to cooperate, a mouth rinse with an F solution is a simple, efficient and well-known method for preventing dental caries.

Topics: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cariostatic Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Female; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Ointments; Reference Values; Saliva; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tablets; Time Factors

The effect of different artificial saliva formulations on biofilm activity and viability, and on enamel demineralization for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients was evaluated. Irradiated enamel samples were treated (1 min) with BioXtra® or with experimental formulations containing carboxymethylcellulose plus inorganic constituents alone (AS) or containing 0.1 mg mL

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Phosphates; Saliva; Saliva, Artificial; Sucrose; Tooth Demineralization

Incipient caries lesions on smooth surfaces may be subjected to toothbrushing, potentially leading to remineralization and/or abrasive wear. The interplay of dentifrice abrasivity and fluoride on this process is largely unknown and was investigated on three artificially created lesions with different mineral content/distribution. 120 bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated to 12 groups (n = 10), resulting from the association of (1) lesion type [methylcellulose acid gel (MeC); carboxymethylcellulose solution (CMC); hydroxyethylcellulose gel (HEC)], (2) slurry abrasive level [low (REA 4/ RDA 69); high (REA 7/RDA 208)], and (3) fluoride concentration [0/275 ppm (14.5 mM) F as NaF]. After lesion creation, specimens were brushed in an automated brushing machine with the test slurries (50 strokes 2×/day). Specimens were kept in artificial saliva in between brushings and overnight. Enamel surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry after lesion creation, 1, 3 and 5 days. Two enamel sections (from baseline and post-brushing areas) were obtained and analyzed microradiographically. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's tests (α = 5%). Brushing with high-abrasive slurry caused more SL than brushing with low-abrasive slurry. For MeC and CMC lesions, fluoride had a protective effect on SL from day 3 on. Furthermore, for MeC and CMC, there was a significant mineral gain in the remaining lesions except when brushed with high-abrasive slurries and 0 ppm F. For HEC, a significant mineral gain took place when low-abrasive slurry was used with fluoride. The tested lesions responded differently to the toothbrushing procedures. Both slurry fluoride content and abrasivity directly impacted SL and mineral gain of enamel caries lesions.

Topics: Animals; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cariostatic Agents; Cattle; Cellulose; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dentifrices; Gels; Methylcellulose; Microradiography; Minerals; Protective Agents; Random Allocation; Saliva, Artificial; Sodium Fluoride; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Remineralization; Toothbrushing

Oral health is influenced by the mouth's resident microorganisms. Dental caries and periodontitis are oral disorders caused by imbalances in the oral microbiota. Probiotics have potential for the prevention and treatment of oral disorders. Current formulations, including supplements and foods, have limitations for oral delivery including short storage time, low residence time in the mouth, effects on food consistency, and low patient compliance. Oral thin films (OTFs) may be efficient in delivering probiotics to the mouth. This research aims to develop a novel carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-probiotic-OTF to deliver probiotics for the treatment/prevention of oral disorders.. CMC-OTFs were developed with varying CMC concentration (1.25 - 10 mg/mL), weight (5 - 40 g), thickness (16 - 262 μm), hygroscopicity (30.8 - 78.9 mg/cm(2) film), and dissolving time (135 - 600 s). The 10 g 5 mg/mL CMC-OTF was selected and used to incorporate Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 (6.75 × 10(8) cells/film), a probiotic with anti-inflammatory potential for periodontitis treatment and capable of inhibiting microorganisms responsible for dental caries and oral candidiasis.. The CMC-OTF maintained probiotic viability and antioxidant activity following 150 days of storage with a production of 549.52 ± 26.08 μM Trolox equivalents.. This research shows the successful development and characterization of a novel probiotic-CMC-OTF with potential as an oral health biotherapeutic.

Topics: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Dental Caries; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Mouth; Oral Health; Periodontitis; Probiotics

This study analyzed comparatively, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the depth of caries-like lesions produced by biological and chemical artificial models in permanent and primary dentin. Six primary molars and six premolars were used. The occlusal enamel was removed and a nail polish layer was applied on the specimens, except for a 4 x 2 mm area on dentin surface. Half of specimens were immersed in acid gel for 14 days (chemical model) and the other half was immersed in BHI broth with S. mutans for 14 days (biological model). After development of artificial caries, the crowns were longitudinally sectioned on the center of the carious lesion. Three measurements of carious dentin depth were made in each specimen by CLSM. Measurements depths were compared between the caries models and between tooth types by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (alpha=5%). For permanent teeth, the biological model showed significantly higher (p<0.05) caries depth values than the chemical model. For primary teeth, no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the caries models. The artificial caries model influenced caries depth only in permanent teeth. There was no difference in carious dentin depth between permanent and primary teeth, regardless of the artificial caries model.

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Bicuspid; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Dental Caries; Dentin; Gels; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Microscopy, Confocal; Molar; Streptococcus mutans; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Agar; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Culture Media; Dental Caries; Dental Fissures; Humans; Models, Biological; Molar; Saliva, Artificial; Streptococcus mutans

Topics: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Fluorides; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mouthwashes; Mucins; Saliva, Artificial; Tooth Remineralization

The rehardening properties of four saliva substitutes on artificially softened human enamel have been investigated by microhardness measurements. The saliva substitutes were all based on the same formula, containing calcium, phosphate and fluoride as the main electrolytes, and mucin or carboxymethylcellulose as the main macromolecules. It has been shown that a rehardening potential exists in the saliva substitutes when calcium and phosphate are present. Omitting F- greatly reduces the rehardening potential. The rehardening is better in case of the CMC-containing saliva than in that containing mucin.

Topics: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Hardness; Humans; Methylcellulose; Mouthwashes; Mucins; Saliva, Artificial; Time Factors; Tooth Calcification

Topics: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Humans; Methylcellulose; Models, Biological