orabase and Corneal-Ulcer

We report a rare case of dematiaceous fungus colonization in the therapeutic bandage contact lens (BCL), in an eye with peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Bandage contact lens removal and appropriate treatment resulted in improvement of the visual acuity and prevented the spread of fungus to the underlying ocular structures. Microbiological evaluation of the BCL showed dematiaceous fungal filaments, and the fungus was identified as Bipolaris species. In patients with pigmented plaque-like lesions, with BCL in situ, dematiaceous fungus on the undersurface of the BCL should be kept in mind. Patient education regarding the importance of frequent BCL replacement, proper ocular hygiene, and timely follow-up should be emphasized.

Topics: Aged; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Bandages; Betacoronavirus; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Contact Lenses; Corneal Ulcer; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Eye Infections, Fungal; Humans; Lost to Follow-Up; Male; Mycoses; Natamycin; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity

To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of ion-activated mucoadhesive hydrogel system in the treatment of experimental bacterial keratitis.. Mucoadhesive systems were prepared using gellan or sodium alginate alone and combined with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) to enhance the gel bioadhesion properties. The in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of selected mucoadhesive systems was studied in an experiment on bacterial keratitis in rabbit's eyes and compared with that of the marketed conventional eyedrops.. Ocular tolerance was studied in the eye of albino rabbits and tested formulations were non-irritant with no sign of inflammation. Better improvement in experimental bacterial keratitis in rabbit eyes was observed in animals treated with mucoadhesive hydrogel formulation (GG5 and GS5) compared with marketed drug solution.. The developed system is a viable alternative to conventional eyedrops of GTN due to its ability to enhance bioavailability through its longer precorneal residence time.

Topics: Alginates; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Corneal Ulcer; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Gatifloxacin; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Hydrogels; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Rabbits; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome

The objective of the present work was (1) to develop an in situ gelling ophthalmic delivery system by combining pluronic F127 and pluronic F68, with sparfloxacin; and (2) to examine the influence of incorporating a mucoadhesive polysaccharide such as sodium hyaluronate on the healing property due to bacterial keratitis. The formulations (F1-F6) were sterilized by gamma irradiated using Co(60) . Ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectra studies were performed on sterilized and non-sterilized formulae. The formulations were evaluated for rheological characteristics, in vitro release behavior, and efficacy against induced bacterial conjunctivitis in rats' eyes. Moreover, histopathological evaluations were also done. All the samples passed sterility tests, and no change in physical appearance of the formulae due to gamma radiation was observed. The IR spectra of the formulae before and after sterilization showed similar peaks which confirmed that no ingredient was affected by gamma radiation. The formulations showed a flow index of 0.116-0.493 indicating pseudoplastic flow behavior. The release behavior of all formulae was non-Fickian anomalous release. The different formulae used to overcome the pathological alterations, produced by bacteria infections varied among each other depending on the duration of treatment; however, the effectiveness of formulation was arranged as F5, F4 and F3, respectively. The developed formulations were therapeutically efficacious, and provided sustained release of the drug over a 24-hour period. A better improvement in artificially induced bacterial conjunctivitis in rats' cornea was observed with the developed formulae; thus it can be considered as a viable alternative to conventional eye drops.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Escherichia coli; Fluoroquinolones; Gels; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Models, Animal; Poloxamer; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rheology; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Staphylococcus aureus; Sterilization; Treatment Outcome

To report three cases of bilateral microbial keratitis in eyes with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).. A case series.. A detailed clinical examination and systemic review of all the three patients on HAART was performed. While one manifested with the more severe variant of TEN, two of these patients presented with SJS with ocular involvement. Despite withdrawal of nevirapine, the ocular surface disorder persisted. The entailing chronic epitheliopathy along with the compromised immune status led to the development of secondary microbial keratitis in all these cases.. The immune reconstitution occurring as a response to the antiretroviral therapy may potentially increase immunologically mediated diseases like SJS and TEN, which in turn may predispose the eye to develop corneal ulcer.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Amnion; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Aza Compounds; Benzamidines; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cefazolin; Chlorhexidine; Corneal Ulcer; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Moxifloxacin; Pain; Quinolines; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Tobramycin; Treatment Outcome; Tropanes; Visual Acuity