olopatadine-hydrochloride and Lupus-Erythematosus--Systemic

Emerging studies reveal unique bacterial communities in the human bladder, with alteration of composition associated to disease states. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that is characterized by frequent impairment of the kidney. Here, we explored the bladder microbiome, metabolome, and cytokine profiles in SLE patients, as well as correlations between microbiome and metabolome, cytokines, and disease profiles. We recruited a group of 50 SLE patients and 50 individually matched asymptomatic controls. We used transurethral catheterization to collect urine samples, 16S rRNA gene sequencing to profile bladder microbiomes, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to perform untargeted metabolomic profiling. Compared to controls, SLE patients possessed unique bladder microbial communities and increased alpha diversity. These differences were accompanied by differences in urinary metabolomes, cytokines, and patients' disease profiles. The SLE-enriched genera, including

Topics: Bacteria; Biomarkers; Complement C3; Cytokines; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Interleukin-8; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Metabolome; Microbiota; Olopatadine Hydrochloride; Phenotype; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urinary Bladder