olopatadine-hydrochloride and Edema

We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and ocular surface variables of olopatadine, ketotifen fumarate, epinastine, emedastine and fluorometholone acetate ophthalmic solutions in preventing the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC).. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled study. A total of 100 patients with SAC were randomly assigned to one of five groups, in which they were administered olopatadine, ketotifen fumarate, epinastine, emedastine or fluorometholone acetate, instilled twice daily for 2 weeks. One eye of each patient was treated with the study drug and the other was treated with a placebo. Signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis (itching, redness, tearing, chemosis and eyelid swelling) were scored on a 4-point scale. Each symptom was assessed at baseline and then again after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment. Ocular surface variables were assessed by conjunctival impression cytology.. At weeks 1 and 2, all antiallergic agents were significantly more effective than placebo in alleviating itching, redness, tearing, chemosis and eyelid swelling. Fluorometholone acetate was significantly less effective than the other agents in reducing itching and redness at all control visits. Ocular surface findings by impression cytology improved significantly after all treatments compared with placebo.. In patients with SAC, olopatadine, ketotifen, epinastine and emedastine are more efficacious than fluorometholone acetate in preventing itching and redness. All the antiallergic agents gave similar results in terms of reducing tearing, chemosis and eyelid swelling. Our data showed that impression cytology parameters improved after treatment with antiallergic agents in patients with SAC.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Allergic Agents; Benzimidazoles; Child; Conjunctival Diseases; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; Dibenzazepines; Dibenzoxepins; Double-Blind Method; Edema; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Fluorometholone; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Imidazoles; Ketotifen; Male; Middle Aged; Olopatadine Hydrochloride; Ophthalmic Solutions; Prospective Studies; Pruritus; Seasons; Tears; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

To study the effects of ketotifen fumarate, olopatadine, and levocabastine on ocular active anaphylaxis in guinea pigs and on ocular immediate hypersensitivity in albino rats.. Clinical grading scores and Evans blue dye leakage to eyelids and to eyeballs were assessed in five treatment groups (n = 10): ketotifen fumarate 0.025%, olopatadine 0.1%, levocabastine 0.05%, negative control, and positive control.. At 20 minutes after challenge, edema scores for ketotifen-treated guinea pigs were statistically significantly lower than those for levocabastine or olopatadine. Active treatment significantly reduced vascular leakage in both models. Ketotifen significantly reduced vascular leakage in eyelids compared with the other drugs. In guinea pigs, vascular leakage in eyeballs was significantly reduced with ketotifen fumarate compared with olopatadine and levocabastine.. In the guinea pig model, ketotifen was more effective than olopatadine and levocabastine at reducing conjunctival edema and vascular permeability in eyelids and eyeballs. In the rat model, ketotifen was more effective at reducing vascular permeability in eyelids than olopatadine and levocabastine.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Animals; Capillary Permeability; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; Dibenzoxepins; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Eyelids; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Ketotifen; Male; Olopatadine Hydrochloride; Ophthalmic Solutions; Ovalbumin; Piperidines; Rats

Histamine H1 receptor antagonists have long been prescribed for atopic dermatitis as an adjuvant therapy with topical therapy by local applied steroids. Olopatadine is one of the second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists that are treated for allergic disorders. We investigated that the effect of olopatadine on oxazolone-induced chronic contact hypersensitivity response in BALB/c mice compared with other histamine H1 receptor antagonists loratadine, cetirizine and fexofenadine. The chronic contact hypersensitivity induced by repeated application of oxazolone was treated with olopatadine and other histamine H1 receptor antagonists at the effective doses on histamine-induced paw edema in mice. The effects of these drugs in the oxazolone-induced model were quantified by measurements of ear swelling, and levels of cytokines in the lesioned ear. Olopatadine significantly inhibited the ear swelling and the increased production of IL-4, IL-1beta, IL-6, GM-CSF and NGF in the lesioned ear. On the other hand, the other histamine H1 receptor antagonists did not significantly suppress the increase in ear thickness. Moreover, they did not affect the production of cytokines in the lesioned ear. These results indicate that olopatadine appears to exert additional biological effects besides its blockade of the histamine H1 receptor.

Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Dibenzoxepins; Drug Eruptions; Ear; Edema; Histamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nerve Growth Factor; Olopatadine Hydrochloride; Oxazolone; Skin; Time Factors