oleuropein and Spinal-Cord-Injuries

Oleuropein (OE) is a well-known antioxidant polyphenol from olive oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential neuroprotective effects of oleuropein in an experimental spinal cord injury model.. Rats were randomly divided into four groups of 21 rats each as follows: sham-operated group, trauma group, and OE treatment groups (20 mg/kg, i.p., immediately and 1 hour after spinal cord injury). Spinal cord samples were taken 24 hours after injury and studied for determination of malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, histopathological assessment, immunohistochemistry of Bax and Bcl-2, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling reaction. Behavioral testing was performed weekly up to 6 weeks post-injury.. The results showed that malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased, and glutathione levels were significantly increased in OE treatment groups. Greater Bcl-2 and attenuated Bax expression could be detected in the OE-treated rats. OE significantly reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive reaction and improved behavioral function than the trauma group.. These findings indicate that OE may be effective in protecting rat spinal cord from secondary injury.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glutathione; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Lipid Peroxidation; Malondialdehyde; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrans; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord Injuries

Several olive oil phenolic compounds, such us oleuropein have attracted considerable attention because of their antioxidant activity, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect of oleuropein aglycone, a hydrolysis product of oleuropein, in the inflammatory response, in particular in the secondary injury associated with the mouse model of spinal cord trauma. The injury was induced by application of vascular clips to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy in mice. Oleuropein aglycone was administered in mice (100 μg/kg, 40 μg/kg, 20 μg/kg, 10% ethanol, i.p.) 1h and 6h after the trauma. The treatment with oleuropein aglycone significantly decreased: (1) histological damage, (2) motor recovery, (3) nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression and IKB-α degradation, (4) protein kinase A (PKA) activity and expression, (5) pro-inflammatory cytokines production such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), 6) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, (7) neutrophil infiltration, (8) lipid peroxidation, (9) nitrotyrosine and poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) formation, (10) glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels, (11) apoptosis (TUNEL staining, FAS ligand expression, Caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2 expression). Thus, we propose that olive oil phenolic constituents such as oleuropein aglycone may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Male; Mice; Olive Oil; Plant Oils; Pyrans; Spinal Cord Injuries

Neutrophil infiltration plays an important role in inflammatory reactions following spinal cord injury (SCI) and these cells cause substantial secondary tissue damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oleuropein (OE) on myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as an index of neutrophil infiltration.. Rats were randomly divided into four groups of 7 rats each as follows: sham-operated group, trauma group, and OE treatment groups (20 mg/kg, i.p., immediately and 1 hour after SCI). Spinal cord samples were taken 24 hours after injury and studied for determination of MPO activity.. The results showed that MPO activity was significantly decreased in OE-treated rats.. On the basis of our findings, we propose that OE may be effective in protecting rat spinal cord from secondary damage by modulating of neutrophil infiltration.

Topics: Animals; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Male; Peroxidase; Pyrans; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries