oleuropein and Myocardial-Infarction

Many studies reported that air pollution particulate matter (PM) exposure was associated with myocardial infarction (MI). Acrolein representing the unsaturated aldehydes, the main component of PM, derives from the incomplete combustion of wood, plastic, fossil fuels and the main constitute of cigarette smoking. However, the effect of acrolein on MI remains not that clear. In the current study, the effect of acrolein-exacerbated MI was investigated. In vivo, male Sprague-Dawley rats received olive leaf extract (OLE) followed by acrolein, then isoprenaline (ISO) was received by subcutaneous injection to induce MI. Results showed that the expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP, two major components of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were higher in the combination of acrolein and ISO than those in ISO treatment. The apoptosis marker, Bax, was also higher while the anti-apoptosis indicator, Bcl2 expression was lower both at protein and mRNA levels in the combination group. Also, the acrolein-protein adducts and myocardial pathological damage increased in the combination of acrolein and ISO relative to the ISO treatment. Besides, cardiac parameters, ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were reduced more significantly when acrolein was added than in ISO treatment. Interestingly, all the changes were able to be ameliorated by OLE. Since hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OP) were the main components in OLE, we next investigated the effect of HT and OP on cardiomyocyte H9c2 cell apoptosis induced by acrolein through ER stress and Bax pathway. Results showed that GRP78, CHOP and Bax expression were upregulated, while Bcl2 expression was downregulated both at the protein and mRNA levels, when the H9c2 cells were treated with acrolein. In addition, pretreatment with HT can reverse the expression of GRP78, CHOP, Bax and Bcl2 on the protein and mRNA levels, while there was no effect of OP on the expression of GRP78 and CHOP on the mRNA levels. Overall, all these results demonstrated that OLE and the main components (HT and OP) could prevent the negative effects of acrolein on myocardium and cardiomyocytes.

Topics: Acrolein; Animals; Apoptosis; Biological Products; Biomarkers; Cell Line; Cytoprotection; Disease Progression; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocytes, Cardiac; Particulate Matter; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Much of the beneficial effects of olive products have been attributed to oleuropein. This study examined the effects of oleuropein in rats with heart failure induced by permanent ligation of left coronary arteries. Twenty-four hours after the operation, the rats were assigned to five groups including a sham assigned to receive vehicle (1 ml/day) and four coronary ligated groups assigned to receive vehicle or oleuropein at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day. Five weeks later, echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters, serum concentrations of oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were determined. Myocardial infarction group receiving vehicle showed impaired hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters as evidenced by decreased left ventricular systolic pressure, rate of rise and decrease of left ventricular pressure, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. In addition, significant reduction in superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase was observed. Oleuropein treatment prevented the reduction of these variables. Moreover, the group had a significantly higher infarct size and serum malondialdehyde, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α than those of the sham group. Treatment with oleuropein prevented the increase of these variables. The results show that oleuropein attenuates the progression of heart failure, possibly by antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Glutathione Reductase; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-1beta; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Male; Malondialdehyde; Myocardial Infarction; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ventricular Function, Left

Myocardial infarction causes a cascade of events, which leads to heart failure, debilitation and death. This study examined possible cardioprotective effect of oleuropein in rats with acute myocardial infarction. Male Sprague-Dawly rats were allocated to five groups: sham, myocardial infarction receiving vehicle, and three myocardial infarction receiving oleuropein at 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg/day for 7 days, and underwent sham operation or coronary ligation. Twenty-four hours later, animals underwent echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies, and infarct areas, serum concentrations of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were determined. Myocardial infarction group receiving vehicle had significantly lower left ventricular developed and systolic pressures, rate of rise/decrease of left ventricular pressure, stroke volume, ejection fraction and cardiac output, and serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase than those of sham group. Pretreatment with oleuropein prevented the reduction of these variables. Moreover, the group had a significantly higher serum malondialdehyde, interleukin-1β, TNF-α, creatin kinase-MB, and troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase, and infarct area than those of sham group. Pretreatment with oleuropein prevented the increase of these variables. The findings indicate that coronary ligation results in acute myocardial infarction characterized by impaired cardiac function, and oleuropein pretreatment prevented cardiac impairment partly by reducing oxidative stress and release of proinflammatory cytokines.

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiotonic Agents; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Disease Models, Animal; Electrocardiography; Hemodynamics; Interleukin-1beta; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Malondialdehyde; Myocardial Infarction; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Troponin I; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ultrasonography; Vasodilator Agents

Myocardial infarction remains the major cause of global death due to cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the protective role of oleuropein in attenuating the cardiac remodeling in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, control, isoproterenol (Isop) and pretreated animals with oleuropein at two different doses (20 and 40 mg/kg) orally for 7 days and intoxicated with isoproterenol (Isop+Oleu20) and (Isop+Oleu40) groups. The subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (100 mg/kg body weight) to untreated rats for two consecutive days showed significant increases in ST-segment elevation, heart weight index and alteration in the ECG pattern and hemodynamic function. Else, serum levels of cardiac troponin-T, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) underwent a notable rise in serum of Isop group by (345, 82, 73 and 106%, respectively) as compared to normal rats. Isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury was evidenced by alteration in serum lipids profile and increased activities of pancreatic lipase by 94% and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by 78% which reflects the occurrence of cardiac remodeling process. The histopathological findings of the infarcted group showed myocardium necrosis and cells inflammatory infiltration. However, the treatment with oleuropein gave a good protection of the myocardium by decreasing cardiac injury markers specially troponin-T, restoring hemodynamic parameters and attenuating cardiac remodeling process through inhibition of ACE activity.. Oleuropein offers high preventive effects from cardiac remodeling process in rats with acute myocardial infarction.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrocardiography; Heart Function Tests; Hemodynamics; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Olea; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilator Agents; Ventricular Remodeling