nystatin-a1 and Urinary-Tract-Infections

To assess the effectiveness of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) on the control of nosocomial infection (NI) in critically ill pediatric patients.. A prospective, randomized, non-blinded and controlled clinical microbiology study.. The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary level pediatric university hospital. CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION: Patients 1 month to 14 years old, who underwent some kind of manipulation or instrumentation (mechanical ventilation, vascular cannulation, monitoring of intracranial pressure, thoracic or abdominal drainage, bladder catheterization, peritoneal dialysis, etc.) and/or presented a neurological coma requiring a stay in the PICU of 3 or more days.. Over a period of 2 years, 244 patients met the inclusion criteria; 18 patients were withdrawn because of protocol violation. The treatment group comprised 116 patients and the control group, 110 patients.. The treatment group received a triple therapy of colimycin, tobramycin and nystatin administered orally or via nasogastric tube every 6 hours. All patients with mechanical ventilation or immune-depression received decontamination treatment of the oropharyngeal cavity with hexitidine (Oraldine 0.5 mg/ml) every 6-8 hours in accordance with the PICU's conventional protocol.. Up to 10 types of nosocomial infection were diagnosed following criteria of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The severity and manipulation of the patients on admission was assessed using the therapeutic intervention scoring system (TISS) and multi-organ system failure scores (MOSF).. UNIVARIANT ANALYSIS: SDD did not significantly reduce the incidence of NI, antibiotic use, the length of stay, or mortality; although a small percentage of respiratory and urinary tract infections was detected, catheter-related bacteremia was the most common infection. MULTIVARIANT ANALYSIS: Controlling the risk factors for each child through log regression showed that SDD acted as a protective factor for more than 90% of the sample with respect to the appearance of respiratory and urinary tract infections, reducing the risk of such infections to 1/5 and 1/3, respectively.. SDD was effective in controlling respiratory and urinary tract infections in children admitted to the PICU, but it did not reduce the incidence of other types of nosocomial infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Child; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Cross Infection; Digestive System; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hexetidine; Humans; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Multiple Organ Failure; Multivariate Analysis; Nystatin; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Severity of Illness Index; Tobramycin; Urinary Tract Infections

Reverse isolation and prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics were evaluated among 64 consecutive noninfected adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia admitted for remission induction. Patients were randomly allocated to laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral nonabsorbable antibiotics (LAF plus A), routine hospital ward care with antibiotics (W plus A), or ward care alone (W). The LAF plus A patients had a significantly decreased incidence of total infection, bacteremias, pneumonias, rectal abscesses, urinary tract infection, and pharyngitis. Infectious deaths were reduced in the LAF plus A group and the time to the first infection or to fatal infection was delayed. The W plus A patients who regularly ingested the antibiotics had a reduction in infections similar to that of the LAF plus A patients but those who could not tolerate the antibiotics had an incidence of infection comparable to the ward patients. The LAF plus A and the W plus A patients also had higher complete remission rates and longer median survival than the unprotected ward patients.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Air Conditioning; Air Microbiology; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cross Infection; Environment, Controlled; Female; Gentamicins; Hospital Units; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Patient Isolators; Remission, Spontaneous; Urinary Tract Infections; Vancomycin; Ventilation; Virus Diseases

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Yeasts

Persistent Candiduria may represent significant urinary infection which has the potential for inducing obstructive uropathy and/or renal abscesses. Urine candidal colony counts, serological and radiographic studies will differentiate colonization from infection. Initial treatment may involve correction of iatrogenic factors such as removal of catheters, stopping antibacterial antibiotics and improvement of the patient's nutritional status. Persistence of funguria will require irrigations of the urinary system with antifungal agents and/or the use of systemic antifungal therapy.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Flucytosine; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Transfer Factor; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography

The new therapeutic methods based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and immunosuppressors and the new medicosurgical techniques (catheters, monitoring in intensive-care units, open-heart surgery) modify the host, favorise the adaptation and introduction f endogenous and exogenous yeast-like fungi and thus create a new pathology characterized by deep visceral or septicemic infections due to yeasts belonging to the genera Candida, Torulopsis, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula, and Saccharomyces. The pathological aspects are analyzed and therapy is suggested in the light of new findings on polyenes (nystatine, amphotericine B), 5-fluorocytosine, imidazole, derivatives (miconazole, econazole) considering their association in function of synergy or antagonism possibilities.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candida; Candidiasis; Cryptococcosis; Dermatomycoses; Endocarditis; Flucytosine; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Imidazoles; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Mycoses; Nystatin; Osteitis; Sepsis; Urinary Tract Infections

An oral prophylactic antibiotic regimen (neomycin-erythromycin-nystatin) aimed at suppression of the bowel flora was utilized in 20 patients with thermal injury treated in a laminar flow burn unit with strict sterile technique and reverse isolation. The regimen was utilized for an average of 24 days. Surface cultures were obtained twice weekly from multiple areas of the burn wound, and burn wound biopsies were performed one to two times weekly. These patients were compared prospectively with a group of 10 patients treated in otherwise identical fashion, save for the omission of the antibiotic suppressive regimen. Bacterial colonization of the burn wound occurred an average of 19 days after admission in the group receiving antibiotics compared to 4 days after admission in the control group (p less than 0.01). Positive burn biopsies (more than 10(5) bacteria per gm of tissue) were observed twice as often in the group not receiving antibiotics (p less than 0.16) as were infectious complications of several types: bacteremia, burn wound sepsis, urinary tract infections, pneumonitis, cellulitis (0.10 less than p less than 0.20). Staphylococcal or fungal overgrowth were not encountered in the patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics, nor was there an adverse effect on serum creatinine levels with the prolonged use of neomycin.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Burns; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Humans; Intestines; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin; Pneumonia; Prospective Studies; Sepsis; Staphylococcus aureus; Urinary Tract Infections

Candida in the urine or surgical wound is a potentially lethal pathogen. Management of 82 patients has provided a rationale for the treatment of these infections. Urine colony counts, serologic findings and clinical observations determine therapy. Amphotericin B irrigants are effective for local infections. Disseminated infections require flucytosine and/or intravenous amphotericin B.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candida; Candidiasis; Flucytosine; Humans; Nystatin; Radiography; Ureter; Ureteral Obstruction; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Anuria; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Gentamicins; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nystatin; Pseudomonas Infections; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Central Nervous System Diseases; Culture Media; Digestive System; Female; Gastroenteritis; Gentian Violet; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mustard Compounds; Nystatin; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Graft Rejection; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Infection Control; Infections; Isoniazid; Lung Diseases; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Radiography, Thoracic; Skin Tests; Tuberculin Test; Urinary Tract Infections; Ventilators, Mechanical

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nystatin; Prednisone; Propylene Glycols; Protozoan Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Urinary Tract Infections; Virus Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant; Male; Nystatin; Uremia; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Azo Compounds; Bacitracin; Chlormerodrin; Diuretics; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Humans; Kanamycin; Mandelic Acids; Methenamine; Metronidazole; Nalidixic Acid; Naphthyridines; Neomycin; Nitrofurans; Nitrofurantoin; Nystatin; Organomercury Compounds; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Nystatin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Nystatin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections