nystatin-a1 and Staphylococcal-Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Infection; Doxycycline; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Lincomycin; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

A double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted in Queensland general practices to evaluate the efficacy of oral doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) as an adjunct to Kenacomb ointment in the treatment of acute diffuse otitis externa.. One hundred and five patients with otitis externa agreed to enter the trial; 13 of these had bilateral otitis externa. Six symptoms and signs of otitis externa were rated on a scale of 1 (none) to 5 (severe) and then the scores were averaged to give an index of severity. Swabs from all infected ears were cultured and then the patients were treated with Kenacomb ointment. Patients were randomly assigned to take a five-day course of either oral cotrimoxazole or an oral placebo and were reassessed on Days 2-4 and Days 5-6 after presentation.. The mean duration (+/- standard deviation) of ear pain from the first visit for the cotrimoxazole and placebo groups was 3.1 (+/- 1.5) days and 3.1 (+/- 1.7) days respectively. The mean severity indices (+/- standard deviation) for these groups on presentation were 2.33 (+/- 0.59) and 2.37 (+/- 0.57). The respective reductions in these scores by the second visit were 0.72 and 0.69 and by the third visit 1.10 and 1.05. The principle pathogen isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. This suggests that oral cotrimoxazole is unlikely to be useful as an adjunct to Kenacomb ointment in the treatment of mild to moderate otitis externa.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Child; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Earache; Female; Gramicidin; Humans; Male; Neomycin; Nystatin; Otitis Externa; Placebos; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tablets; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

113 patients being treated for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia were investigated to determine the effect of suppression of body microbial flora on prevention of infection. They were randomly allocated to a control group or a group which received non-absorbed antibiotics by mouth and topical applications of cutaneous and mucosal antiseptic preparations. The group receiving oral non-absorbed antibiotics had significantly few infections, fewer deaths from infection, fewer pyrexial episodes, and consequently received less systemic antibiotic therapy than the controls.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Chlorhexidine; Colistin; Drug Combinations; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Framycetin; Humans; Leukemia; Nystatin; Remission, Spontaneous; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Drug Combinations; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Neomycin; Nystatin; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Tyrothricin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacitracin; Blister; Candidiasis; Cephalexin; Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Forehead; Humans; Impetigo; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nystatin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Time

Five new steroids, norselic acids A-E (1-5), were isolated from the sponge Crella sp. collected in Antarctica. The planar structures of the norselic acids were established by extensive NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry studies, and the configuration of norselic acid A (1) was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Norselic acid A displays antibiotic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), and Candida albicans and reduces consumption of food pellets by sympatric mesograzers. Compounds 1-5 are also active against the Leishmania parasite at low micromolar levels.

Topics: Animals; Antarctic Regions; Anti-Infective Agents; Candida albicans; Enterococcus faecium; Leishmania; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Porifera; Staphylococcal Infections; Steroids; Vancomycin Resistance

Eighty-three patients with 117 episodes of candidemia were reviewed to examine the clinically significant variables and the results of treatment for this problem. Mortality was 52%. Patients who had bacteremia either synchronously or metachronously in association with Candida species had poorer survival rates. Staphylococcal and enterococcal species were the most frequently associated bacteria. Patients with Candida parapsilosis had better survival rates than patients with other species. Portals of entry for fungemia were catheters, wounds, the urinary tract, and the peritoneal cavity, but were undefined in 54% of patients. Antifungal chemotherapy could not be identified as affecting the outcome in these patients. It is suggested that candidemia in most patients represents a failure of host defense, and that septicemia of either bacteria or fungi may arise from the gastrointestinal tract in critically ill, immunocompromised patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Candidiasis; Child; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Humans; Immunocompetence; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections

Records of 65 surgical patients with positive fungal blood cultures were reviewed to address risk, overall mortality, and treatment. Negative urine cultures did not rule out sepsis. Staphylococcus epidermidis sepsis was present in 27 (42%) of the patients. In 70% of whom it occurred before or during fungemia. Increased mortality correlated with the use of multiple antibiotics, antibiotic use for prolonged periods, and with associated bacterial sepsis. Stopping antibiotic therapy did not reduce mortality. Amphotericin B reduced mortality in patients with dissemination, indicating that it is the treatment of choice for disseminated fungemia and that antibiotic therapy should not be discontinued when concomitant bacterial sepsis is present.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Fungi; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nystatin; Postoperative Complications; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Acrodermatitis; Clobetasol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Mechlorethamine; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin; Staphylococcal Infections

Twenty-three cases of mediastinitis after cardiac surgery in children were treated by us between 1973 and 1976. Three patients died within 6 hours of admission. Treatment used in the tweny other cases are discussed. The mean age of the patients was three years and three months. The mediastinitis was evident an average of twelve days after extracoporeal circulation. A staphylococus was always responsible for the infection. Treatment was a combination of surgery, antibiotics and respiratory and nutritional supplies. The surgical treatment consisted of a careful mediastinal cleansing with resection of the sternal edges. In fifteen patients the thorax was closed after surgery, and an irrigation system installed using a solution of 4% Dakin in physiologic saline. Recovery was simple in 5 patients. In the 10 other patients of this group the thorax had to be reopened; one patient died after 90 days from Serratia marcescens endocarditis. The thorax was left open initially in five patients: one patient of this group died from candida endocarditis. All patients needed endotracheal ventilation through a nasotracheal tube (7 to 90 days of ventilation). Treatment with bactericidal antibiotics was pursued for three months and a monotherapy was kept for nine months. After reviewing the observed complications, our methods and results are compared with others in the literature.

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Gentamicins; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Infusions, Parenteral; Mediastinitis; Nystatin; Prognosis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Surgical Wound Infection; Tobramycin; Vancomycin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Child; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Flucytosine; Fluorouracil; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immunotherapy; Lymphocyte Activation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Mice; Neomycin; Nystatin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Thiourea; Undecylenic Acids

Topics: Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Dyspepsia; Enterotoxins; Erythromycin; Feces; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nystatin; Oxacillin; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Appendicitis; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Methicillin; Nystatin; Peritonitis; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfadimethoxine; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nystatin; Prednisone; Propylene Glycols; Protozoan Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Urinary Tract Infections; Virus Diseases

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chloramphenicol; Dysentery, Bacillary; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Erythromycin; Humans; Intestines; Male; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Nystatin; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Proteus Infections; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Candida; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Male; Neomycin; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Nails; Nystatin; Onychomycosis; Paronychia; Pseudomonas Infections; Psoriasis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colonic Diseases; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Intestines; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Nystatin; Preoperative Care; Staphylococcal Infections; Toxicology

Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cecum; Chloramphenicol; Fatty Acids; Mice; Nystatin; Oxidation-Reduction; Research; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptomycin