nystatin-a1 and Respiratory-Tract-Infections

Fungi, in comparison with other pathogenic factors, have high pathogenicity. The number of fungal species which are able to infect people is over 500. The upper respiratory tract and ear have permanent contact with external environment which makes their ontocenoses open to continuous exchange of microorganisms of which they consist. In etiology of inflammatory processes 21 species which belonging to 3 genera (Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) of fungi play important role. Administration of antifungal drugs can be: prophylactic, empiric preemptive and therapeutic. Physicians may prescribe antibiotics (mainly pollens: amphotericin B, natamycin and nystatin) and chemiotherapeutics (mainly azoles and fluorpirymidins, pigments, chlorhexidine and chlorquinaldol). In ENT practice topical and systemic drugs can be administrated. Topical lozenges include amphotericin B, clotrimazole, chlorhexidine or chlorquinaldol and oral gels: nystatin and miconazole. Some of drugs are in the form of suspension/solution, which can be used for inhalation, into the sinus, for swabbing or for lavage: amphotericin B, natamycin, nystatin, clotrimazol, flucytosine, miconazole, fluconazole, vorykonazole, caspofungin. It should be underlined that only a few of dugs can be absorbed from the digestive tract: flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, vorykonazole.

Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Azoles; Clotrimazole; Ear Diseases; Humans; Miconazole; Mycoses; Nystatin; Otitis; Respiratory Tract Infections

To assess the effectiveness of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) on the control of nosocomial infection (NI) in critically ill pediatric patients.. A prospective, randomized, non-blinded and controlled clinical microbiology study.. The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary level pediatric university hospital. CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION: Patients 1 month to 14 years old, who underwent some kind of manipulation or instrumentation (mechanical ventilation, vascular cannulation, monitoring of intracranial pressure, thoracic or abdominal drainage, bladder catheterization, peritoneal dialysis, etc.) and/or presented a neurological coma requiring a stay in the PICU of 3 or more days.. Over a period of 2 years, 244 patients met the inclusion criteria; 18 patients were withdrawn because of protocol violation. The treatment group comprised 116 patients and the control group, 110 patients.. The treatment group received a triple therapy of colimycin, tobramycin and nystatin administered orally or via nasogastric tube every 6 hours. All patients with mechanical ventilation or immune-depression received decontamination treatment of the oropharyngeal cavity with hexitidine (Oraldine 0.5 mg/ml) every 6-8 hours in accordance with the PICU's conventional protocol.. Up to 10 types of nosocomial infection were diagnosed following criteria of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The severity and manipulation of the patients on admission was assessed using the therapeutic intervention scoring system (TISS) and multi-organ system failure scores (MOSF).. UNIVARIANT ANALYSIS: SDD did not significantly reduce the incidence of NI, antibiotic use, the length of stay, or mortality; although a small percentage of respiratory and urinary tract infections was detected, catheter-related bacteremia was the most common infection. MULTIVARIANT ANALYSIS: Controlling the risk factors for each child through log regression showed that SDD acted as a protective factor for more than 90% of the sample with respect to the appearance of respiratory and urinary tract infections, reducing the risk of such infections to 1/5 and 1/3, respectively.. SDD was effective in controlling respiratory and urinary tract infections in children admitted to the PICU, but it did not reduce the incidence of other types of nosocomial infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Child; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Cross Infection; Digestive System; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hexetidine; Humans; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Multiple Organ Failure; Multivariate Analysis; Nystatin; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Severity of Illness Index; Tobramycin; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aerosols; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Time Factors; Voice Disorders

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gentamicins; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infection Control; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Patient Isolators; Prospective Studies; Pseudomonas Infections; Remission, Spontaneous; Respiratory Tract Infections; Vancomycin

Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Disinfection; Drug Combinations; Fever; Germ-Free Life; Glucose; Hexetidine; Humans; Leukemia; Neomycin; Neutropenia; Nystatin; Patient Isolators; Pneumonia; Remission, Spontaneous; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sterilization; Thrombelastography; Time Factors; Xylose

In a multicentre, double-blind, controlled trial of tetracycline plus nystatin (Mysteclin) and tetracycline, 111 patients with respiratory infections received one or other drug for a period of 10 days.The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was high in both groups before treatment began, and somewhat higher in the Mysteclin group than in the tetracycline group. After 10 days' treatment 50% of the patients in the Mysteclin group had symptoms, a mean of 1.44 each, compared with 34% of the patients in the tetracycline group, with a mean of 1.47 symptoms each; the difference between the two groups is not significant (P>0.05). The incidence of Candida albicans in the stools at 10 days in the Mysteclin group (9.1%) was significantly lower than that in the tetracycline group (37.1%), but this was not reflected in any reduction in the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Topics: Candida; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Pruritus; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sex Factors; Tetracycline

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections; Yeasts

The aim of the study was the estimation of in vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents of yeast isolated from sputum of 70 respiratory diseases patients using the disc-diffusion method-antimycogram. The following agents were tested: amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, nystatin, ketoconazole, fluconazole. Only Candida strains were isolated from sputum, 82% of them were Candida albicans. We noted differences in susceptibility to antimycotics of Candida strains. The best antimycotic in vitro was 5-fluorocytosine. 54% of isolated Candida strains were resistant to 1 or more antimycotics.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Fluconazole; Flucytosine; Humans; Ketoconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Species Specificity; Sputum

Three cases of respiratory crytococcosis are described, one diagnosed only after thoracotomy and two after cytology. All were confirmed by cultures, biological and biochemical tests. The patients are alive and well 14 years, 5 years, and 5 years after treatment with crytococcal vaccines and mycostatin. Vaccines proved very effective when given intradermally in small doses and no dangerous reactions were encountered. Cytology of the sputum appears to be a very useful tool in diagnosis of fungal infections of the respiratory tract, especially when supravital staining is used. Difficulties in diagnosis, treatment, and significance of positive sputum findings are discussed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchitis; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus; Cryptococcus neoformans; Fungal Vaccines; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections

One of the most frequent complications encountered in non-specific respiratory pathology of recent years is overinfection by Candida albicans. An important contributive factor is the recent massive antibiotherapy, above all with tetracyclines, favouring this overinfection. Since at present the treatment of bronchopulmonary processes is difficult owing to the lack of an effective oral or parenteral therapy, a study was carried out of 33 patients treated with nystatin and amphotericin B in aerosol form, with 3-4 sessions of treatment per day, during a minimum of 10 days. At each session either 50,000 U of nystatin or 5 mg of amphotericin B were administered. The results obtained showed that after treatment, C. albicans was no longer present in the sputum of 84% of cases treated. In view of these results it is considered that - at present - the two most suitable substances for the treatment of pulmonary candidiases are nystatin and amphotericin B in aerosol form.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Amphotericin B; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Candida; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Klebsiella; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum; Staphylococcus

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nystatin; Prednisone; Propylene Glycols; Protozoan Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Urinary Tract Infections; Virus Diseases

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Natamycin; Nystatin; Radiography; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rhinitis; Sinusitis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Aspergillosis; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Actinomycosis; Adult; Amphotericin B; Biopsy; Blastomycosis; Coccidioidomycosis; Cryptococcosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Ulcer; South America; Sputum

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Humans; Natamycin; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Arsenicals; Borates; Carbohydrates; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Progestins; Respiratory Tract Infections; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Asthma; Bronchitis; Candida; Candidiasis; Child; Culture Techniques; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fibroblasts; HeLa Cells; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Nystatin; Pneumonia; Quinolines; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Nystatin; Phosphates; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: 1-Propanol; Alcohols; Candida; Culture Media; Fungi; Humans; Nystatin; Pharmacology; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Candidiasis; Dermatology; Gastroenterology; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Nystatin; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetracycline

Topics: Borates; Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Fungi; Gastroenterology; Gentian Violet; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Methylene Blue; Nystatin; Pharmacology; Respiratory Tract Infections

Topics: Aerosols; Candida; Candidiasis; Humans; Nystatin; Respiratory System; Respiratory Tract Infections