nystatin-a1 and Peritonitis

A prospective randomized study of the prevention of candida peritonitis (CP) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients using oral nystatin given concomitantly with antibiotic therapy was carried out for 2 years. Patients were randomized into two groups. Nystatin tablets 500,000 units four times a day were given to group 1 but not group 2 patients whenever antibiotics were prescribed. There were 199 patients at risk (mean follow-up, 18.0 months) in group 1 and 198 patients at risk (mean follow-up, 16.6 months) in group 2. The peritonitis and antibiotic prescription rates were comparable between the two groups. There were four episodes of CP in four patients in group 1 and 12 episodes in 11 patients in group 2. The probability of CP-free survival at 2 years was higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (0.974 v 0.915; P < 0.05). However, only three (75%) CP episodes in group 1 and six (50%) in group 2 were considered "antibiotics related." The incidence of antibiotics-related CP was 1.39 and 3.19 per 100 peritonitis episodes and 0.66 and 1.43 per 100 antibiotic prescriptions in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = NS). We conclude that oral nystatin prophylaxis with each antibiotic prescription reduced the rate of CP in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis irrespective of its apparent temporal relationship to antibiotic prescription.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Child; Gastrostomy; Humans; Jejunostomy; Ketoconazole; Nystatin; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Uremia

We investigated the effect of the administration of rat parathyroid hormone-(1-34) on acute or chronic inflammatory processes in different experimental animal models. Fragment 1-34 of parathyroid hormone had an inhibitory effect in all inflammatory acute tests. The dose-response experiments showed that the maximal anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative effects appeared at the dose of 3.30 and 0.33 micrograms/kg, respectively. The anti-inflammatory effect was observed in the first phase of the inflammatory process. In the carrageenin-induced edema test the anti-inflammatory activity began to decline after 180 min. In contrast, this peptide was inactive in the inflammatory chronic test we used.

Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Animals; Carrageenan; Edema; Inflammation; Male; Nystatin; Parathyroid Hormone; Peptide Fragments; Peritonitis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serotonin; Substance P; Teriparatide

Fungal peritonitis as a serious complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is often associated with severe morbidity, CAPD "drop-out" and, occasionally, death. Most episodes of fungal peritonitis occur during or after a period of antibiotic treatment of various bacterial infections, usually bacterial peritonitis. From April 1979 to December 1982 (period I), 10 episodes of fungal peritonitis occurred during 415 patient-months, ie, 10.5% of all peritonitis episodes recorded in our CAPD program. After the introduction of oral prophylaxis with 3 x 500,000 IU [corrected] nystatin during every course of antibiotic treatment, only four episodes of fungal peritonitis occurred during 2,102 patient-months, ie, 3.1% of all peritonitis episodes from January 1983 to March 1989 (period II). This difference between the first and second periods is significant (P less than 0.05). Moreover, none of the four patients who contracted fungal peritonitis in the second period received nystatin prophylaxis. Thus, the simple measure of oral prophylaxis using this nonabsorbable antifungal agent in every case of an antibiotic treatment largely eliminates the risk of fungal peritonitis in patients on CAPD.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis

In the absence of specific dietary lipids, large amounts of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) are produced from glucose in the stomachs of ruminant neonates by the resident yeast Torulopsis glabrata. Using new born lambs, oral dosing with the antifungal antibiotics Nystatin and Amphotericin "B" was shown in samples of stomach contents, to control the ethanol production entirely, and to suppress the yeast numbers partially but not permanently. Of 11 lambs receiving heavy and continous doses orally of the pure antibiotic powders, 7 died, of these 5 had developed adhesive peritonitis.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Candida; Ethanol; Glucose; Nystatin; Peritonitis; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Stomach, Ruminant

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Appendicitis; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Methicillin; Nystatin; Peritonitis; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Sulfadimethoxine; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Laparotomy; Nystatin; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritoneum; Peritonitis

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Colonic Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Kanamycin; Nystatin; Peritonitis; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Surgical Wound Infection; Wound Infection