nystatin-a1 and Neuroblastoma

Objective To study the mechanism ofhuman enterovirus 71 (EV71) entering human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Methods After the SK-N-SH cells were pretreated with chlorpromazine (CPZ) or nystatin (NT), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to measure EV71 mRNA level, and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to detect the expression level of viral protein 1 (VP1) in the target cells. In order to reveal the colocalization of EV71 with clathrin, laser confocal microscopy was performed on the infected cells. Results CPZ could significantly inhibit EV71 mRNA level and the expression of VP1 in the target cells, while NT had no effect on EV71 infection. Confocal microscopy showed that EV71 was colocalize with clathrin. Conclusion EV71 infects human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells by the clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Topics: Capsid Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorpromazine; Clathrin; Endocytosis; Enterovirus A, Human; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Nystatin; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Methemoglobinemia is a rare congenital or acquired disease of increased blood methemoglobin concentration. We documented 2 cases of children suffering from neuroblastoma whose postchemotherapy anemia, leucopenia, and stomatitis were complicated by methemoglobinemia after using a formulary oral gel (7.5% benzocaine, doxycycline, nystatin, glycerin). The complication resulted in hospital treatment. Percutaneous oxygen saturation remained at 85% and 87% despite administration of 100% oxygen through a nonrebreather mask. Arterial blood gas analysis showed an oxygen saturation of 98% and 97%, respectively. Spectroscopic measurement showed methemoglobin concentration of 42% and 35.5%, respectively. After red blood cell transfusion and oral ascorbic acid in case 1 and methylene blue in case 2, the patients' condition improved. Although the benzocaine gel is not in use in several medical systems, it should be considered as a possible reason for methemoglobinemia.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzocaine; Child; Doxycycline; Drug Combinations; Gels; Glycerol; Humans; Infant; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Methemoglobinemia; Neuroblastoma; Nystatin; Stomatitis; Wilms Tumor

To understand the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the internalization of normal cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) in neuronal cells, N2a cells were depleted of clathrin by RNA interference. PrP(c) internalization via the constitutive endocytic pathway in the absence of Cu(2+) and the stimulated pathway in the presence of Cu(2+) were measured in both control and clathrin-depleted cells. Depletion of clathrin had almost no effect on the internalization of PrP(c) either in the presence or absence of Cu(2+), in contrast to the marked reduction observed in transferrin uptake. By contrast, the internalization of PrP(c) was inhibited by the raft-disrupting drugs filipin and nystatin, and by the dominant-negative dynamin-1 mutant dynamin-1 K44A, both in the presence and absence of Cu(2+). The internalized PrP(c) was found to colocalize with cargo that traffic in the Arf6 pathway and in large vacuoles in cells expressing the Arf6 dominant-active mutant. These results show that PrP(c) is internalized in a clathrin-independent pathway that is associated with Arf6.

Topics: ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6; ADP-Ribosylation Factors; Animals; Caveolae; Cell Line, Tumor; Clathrin; Copper; Dynamin I; Endocytosis; Filipin; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Nystatin; PrPC Proteins; RNA Interference; Signal Transduction; Transferrin

The treatment for pediatric cancer can have serious oral complications that adversely affect prognosis. Dental intervention to pediatric cancer patients is crucial in influencing side effects of therapy. This case study will demonstrate the role for oral intervention prior to and during cancer chemotherapy, as well as demonstrate the overall success achieved with interdisciplinary care.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bone Marrow Purging; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Neuroblastoma; Nystatin; Pain Measurement; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stomatitis; Streptococcus; Toothbrushing; Vancomycin

The effect of a multi-agent regimen on oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) prophylaxis in 16 consecutive pediatric bone marrow transplant patients was assessed. The multi-agent regimen consisted of: 1) debriding all mucous membrane surfaces within the oropharyngeal cavity with povidone-iodine 4 times a day, 2) swabbing all mucous membrane surfaces within the oropharyngeal cavity with nystatin 4 times a day, and 3) Ketoconazole given daily by mouth. Multi-agent regimen therapy was initiated on the day marrow ablative therapy began, and was terminated when the patient's absolute neutrophil count recovered to above 500/mm3. Baseline oropharyngeal fungal cultures indicated that 8 out of 16 (50%) of the patients were Candida carriers. Subsequent surveillance cultures indicated that 13 out of 16 (81.3%) of the patients had negative oropharyngeal fungal cultures during the entire period they were on the multi-agent regimen. The remaining three patients had negative oropharyngeal fungal cultures by the end of the experimental period. None of the patients developed Candida esophagitis or sepsis. The above regimen is an effective and non-toxic method to prevent oropharyngeal candidiasis in pediatric BMT patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Aplastic; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Burkitt Lymphoma; Candidiasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Ketoconazole; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Mouth Diseases; Neuroblastoma; Nystatin; Pharyngeal Diseases; Povidone-Iodine; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous