nystatin-a1 and Mouth-Diseases

Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Candidiasis, Oral; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin

The goal of reducing oral complications during chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation has received attention at several centers. The current randomized study of 86 adults with leukemia treated with chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation assessed the potential role of chlorhexidine, nystatin, and saline solution rinses to reduce the findings of oral mucositis, gingivitis, and oral infection. The results of this study did not show a reduction in mucositis with the use of these rinses. However, potential bacterial and fungal pathogens were identified less frequently in the patients using chlorhexidine rinse.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteremia; Bacteria; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Candidiasis, Oral; Chlorhexidine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouthwashes; Nystatin; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Stomatitis; Ulcer; Whole-Body Irradiation

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Aerosols; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Beclomethasone; Candidiasis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Methylprednisolone; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Nystatin; Pharyngeal Diseases; Placebos; Prednisone; Propionates

In comparison to the range of antibiotics used in medicine, the spectrum of antifungal and antiviral drugs used in primary dental care is relatively limited. In practical terms, there are only three antifungal agents and two antiviral agents that have a role. This paper will describe the clinical presentation of orofacial candidal and viral infections and the use of antimicrobial drugs in their management.

Topics: Acyclovir; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Antiviral Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Cheilitis; Dental Care; Fluconazole; Glossitis; Guanine; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Miconazole; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Primary Health Care; Stomatitis, Herpetic

Topics: Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Betamethasone; Chronic Disease; Female; Glucocorticoids; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin

Diseases that affect the buccal cavity are a public health concern nowadays. Chlorhexidine and nystatin are the most commonly used drugs for the control of buccal affections. In the search for more effective antimicrobials, nanotechnology can be successfully used to improve the physical chemical properties of drugs whilst avoiding the undesirable side effects associated with its use. Herein described are studies using nystatin and chlorhexidine with sodium montmorillonite (MMTNa), and chlorhexidine with β-cyclodextrin and two derivatives methyl-β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in the development of antimicrobial nanosystems.. The nanosystems were prepared by kneading and solubilization followed by freeze-drying technique. The nanosystems were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nanosystem antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans strains was evaluated with inhibition halo analysis.. The nanocarriers MMTNa and cyclodextrins showed good yields. XRPD, FTIR, and DSC analysis confirmed the proposed nanosystems formation and the suitability of the production methods. The nanosystems that showed best antimicrobial effect were chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and CHX:MMTNa 60% cation exchange capacity - 24 hours.. The nanosystem formulations present higher stability for all chlorhexidine inclusion complexes compared with pure chlorhexidine. The nystatin nanosystems have the potential to mask the bitter taste, justifying subsequent in-vivo studies. For these reasons, further studies are being carried out to evaluate their application in professional formulations.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bentonite; beta-Cyclodextrins; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Candida albicans; Cations; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chlorhexidine; Freeze Drying; Mouth Diseases; Nanoparticles; Nystatin; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus mutans; X-Ray Diffraction

Histoplasmosis is a deep fungus infection that occurs worldwide and is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Oral histoplasmosis has been of considerable importance in recent years because it occurs frequently in immunosuppressed patients, more often in those who test positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the literature contains reports of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients, especially in endemic areas.. The authors describe a case of an HIV-negative, immunocompetent 60-year-old man with ulcerative and painful oral lesions. The clinician included squamous cell carcinoma and systemic mycosis in the differential diagnosis. After the patient underwent a biopsy and a definitive diagnosis was reached, his initial treatment regimen included itraconazole (200 milligrams per day for one month), nystatin and chlorhexidine mouthrinse (0.12 percent, 10 milliliters, two times a day). The itraconazole treatment was continued for three more months (100 mg daily) until the lesions had resolved completely.. Clinicians need to conduct a careful clinical evaluation and make an accurate diagnosis of ulcerated oral lesions. Knowledge of the oral manifestations of histoplasmosis may enable clinicians to reach a diagnosis earlier and initiate therapy more quickly.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Chlorhexidine; Diagnosis, Differential; Histoplasmosis; HIV Seronegativity; Humans; Immunocompetence; Itraconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin

The in vitro susceptibility of 618 Candida isolates to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, amphotericin B, and nystatin was determined. The isolates were obtained from 559 patients who had attended the UK dental hospital departments in Cardiff, Belfast, Glasgow or London. Antifungal susceptibility was assessed using a broth microdilution method following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) M27-A guidelines. The majority of the test strains were C. albicans (n = 521) with few of these being resistant to fluconazole (0.3%). A low incidence of fluconazole resistance (0-6.8%) was similarly evident with all non albicans species (Candida glabrata, 5 of 59 resistant; Candida krusei, 0 of 7 resistant; Candida tropicalis, 0 of 13 resistant; Candida parapsilosis, 0 of 12 resistant; other Candida species, 0 of 6 resistant). Voriconazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole also revealed high activity against both C. albicans and non albicans isolates, and 23.7% of C. glabrata isolates were found to be resistant to itraconazole. There was little difference in the antifungal susceptibilities of Candida isolated from patients who had a history of previous antifungal therapy compared with those who had not received antifungal treatment. In summary, this surveillance study of antifungal susceptibility of oral candidal isolates in the UK, through the collaboration of four dental hospitals, demonstrates that oral Candida species have a high level of susceptibilities to a range of antifungal agents.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candida tropicalis; Candidiasis, Oral; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Fluconazole; Humans; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Miconazole; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Pyrimidines; Triazoles; Voriconazole

The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the usage of topical oral solutions in patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM); and (2) to survey the care of oral mucositis provided to patients by clinical oncology pharmacists in institutional settings.. Surveys were distributed to institutional pharmacists in the US, who were asked to provide the components of their 'magic mouthwash'. Other questions included whether an institutional mucositis management guideline is available and what is the involvement of clinical pharmacy in mucositis care.. Forty institutions returned surveys during the study period. The top five ingredients used to compound the magic mouthwash are diphenhydramine, viscous lidocaine, magnesium hydroxide/aluminum hydroxide, nystatin and corticosteroids. Most institutions administer the mouthwash every 4 hours (36%) or every 6 hours (36%). Of the surveyed institutions, 33% currently possess guidelines for the management of CIOM.. Most institutions in the country formulate their topical solution, or magic mouthwash, with a variety of ingredients. There is a need to standardize the ingredients used to compound the magic mouthwash, in order to fully evaluate the efficacy of the solution to manage CIOM.

Topics: Administration, Buccal; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aluminum Hydroxide; Diphenhydramine; Drug Compounding; Drug Utilization Review; Humans; Lidocaine; Magnesium Hydroxide; Mouth Diseases; Mouthwashes; Mucositis; Nystatin; Pharmaceutical Services; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires

The treatment for pediatric cancer can have serious oral complications that adversely affect prognosis. Dental intervention to pediatric cancer patients is crucial in influencing side effects of therapy. This case study will demonstrate the role for oral intervention prior to and during cancer chemotherapy, as well as demonstrate the overall success achieved with interdisciplinary care.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bone Marrow Purging; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Neuroblastoma; Nystatin; Pain Measurement; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stomatitis; Streptococcus; Toothbrushing; Vancomycin

Infection with Candida albicans in the breastfeeding dyad has been associated with extreme pain in the breastfeeding mother and may lead to premature weaning. There is presently a dearth of information on diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of this condition in the literature. Therefore, before such a trial was conducted, a survey was sent to experts in the field of lactation, the members of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, on the diagnosis and treatment of thrush in the breastfeeding mother and baby. Results showed that the majority of respondents relied primarily on history and physical examination of the baby, but not the mother, to make the diagnosis. Laboratory tests were ordered only rarely. The most common initial treatment was oral nystatin for the infant and cream for the mother's breasts. This was followed by oral nystatin for the infant and oral fluconazole for the mother. Treatment of recurrence or persistence was again most commonly nystatin for both mother and infant, followed by oral nystatin for the infant and oral fluconazole for the mother or oral fluconazole for both. In the absence of controlled trials of this condition, these results may serve as suggestions for the clinician, until definitive data are available.

Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Breast Diseases; Breast Feeding; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mouth Diseases; Nipples; Nystatin; Recurrence; Weaning

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Patch Tests

The clinicopathologic characteristics of invasive oral aspergillosis in 16 immunocompromised patients who developed this infection during antileukemic chemotherapy are described. The primary site of the infection was the marginal gingiva, there was severe spontaneous pain, and the patients developed spiking fever and granulocytopenia. Necrotic ulceration of the gingiva rapidly extended to the contiguous mucosa, muscle, and bone. Microscopically, the necrotic tissue contained thrombotic vascular infarcts and there were hyphae that showed frequent transverse septa and dichotomous branching. The invasive organisms were not responsive to amphotericin B in the absence of remission of the leukemia and restoration of the depressed host defenses. In 15 patients who showed improvement of hematologic status, oral aspergillosis was controlled by the combination of antifungal chemotherapy and debridement of necrotic tissues.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Amphotericin B; Aspergillosis; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Necrosis; Nystatin

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Dermatitis, Contact; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Single-Blind Method

Topics: Ear Diseases; Ethylmercury Compounds; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Thimerosal

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Oral; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Scotland; Terminal Care

Infection in the granulocytopenic patient is often life-threatening, and the frequency and severity of infection are increased regardless of the cause of leukocyte suppression. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin is known to be effective in preventing colonization and infection by the primary pathogens responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with granulocytopenia. When treating granulocytopenic patients, clinicians should use proper barrier techniques to minimize nosocomial colonization. When foci of oral infection are present or bacteremia is predictable, appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed.

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Dental Care for Disabled; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Premedication; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Virus Diseases

The effect of a multi-agent regimen on oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) prophylaxis in 16 consecutive pediatric bone marrow transplant patients was assessed. The multi-agent regimen consisted of: 1) debriding all mucous membrane surfaces within the oropharyngeal cavity with povidone-iodine 4 times a day, 2) swabbing all mucous membrane surfaces within the oropharyngeal cavity with nystatin 4 times a day, and 3) Ketoconazole given daily by mouth. Multi-agent regimen therapy was initiated on the day marrow ablative therapy began, and was terminated when the patient's absolute neutrophil count recovered to above 500/mm3. Baseline oropharyngeal fungal cultures indicated that 8 out of 16 (50%) of the patients were Candida carriers. Subsequent surveillance cultures indicated that 13 out of 16 (81.3%) of the patients had negative oropharyngeal fungal cultures during the entire period they were on the multi-agent regimen. The remaining three patients had negative oropharyngeal fungal cultures by the end of the experimental period. None of the patients developed Candida esophagitis or sepsis. The above regimen is an effective and non-toxic method to prevent oropharyngeal candidiasis in pediatric BMT patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Aplastic; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Burkitt Lymphoma; Candidiasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Ketoconazole; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Male; Mouth Diseases; Neuroblastoma; Nystatin; Pharyngeal Diseases; Povidone-Iodine; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous

A case of a 38-year-old male with the diagnosis of Sweet's Syndrome is reported. The most significant feature of the patient was manifested by serious lesions in the oral mucosa which persisted throughout the course of the disease. They only improved after the administration of prednisone. Special emphasis is made on the characteristics of the oral manifestations of Sweet's syndrome since they have not been described in detail in the literature.

Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Neutrophils; Nystatin; Prednisone; Skin Diseases; Syndrome

Topics: Erythromycin; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Tetracyclines

Topics: Age Factors; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Rectum; Skin

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Barium Sulfate; Biopsy; Crohn Disease; Epithelium; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouthwashes; Nystatin; Oral Manifestations; Physical Examination; Prednisone; Radiography; Sulfasalazine; Tetracycline; Ulcer

Topics: Adult; Aged; Candidiasis, Oral; Denture, Complete; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Stomatitis, Denture

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Diaper Rash; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Griseofulvin; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Ointments; Paronychia; Pruritus Ani; Skin Diseases; Tinea; Tinea Pedis; Tinea Versicolor

Topics: Capsules; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Urogenital System

Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Denture, Complete; Female; Humans; Impetigo; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candidiasis; Denmark; Diagnosis; Drug Therapy; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Oral Manifestations; Organic Chemicals

Topics: Biomedical Research; Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Drug Therapy; Geriatrics; Humans; Leukoplakia; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mouth Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Pathology; Yeasts

Topics: Candidiasis; Child; Humans; Infant; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis; Child; Infant; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Dermatologic Agents; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin