nystatin-a1 and Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Cephalothin; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Infection; Doxycycline; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Lincomycin; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline

Fifty-three profoundly granulocytopenic patients with relapsed acute leukemia who were undergoing reinduction chemotherapy were prospectively randomized to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin or gentamicin plus nystatin for prevention of infections. The acquisition of new organisms per patient during the total study period was similar in both groups. Thirty-five symptomatic infections (five of which were bacteremias) occurred in patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin, whereas 31 infections (eight bacteremias) occurred in patients receiving gentamicin plus nystatin. Four deaths related to infection occurred in patients taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and eight occurred in patients taking gentamicin. We conclude that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin was approximately as effective as gentamicin plus nystatin for prophylaxis against infection in relapsed acute leukemia. Furthermore, side effects were fewer and compliance was better with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Random Allocation; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim

This is a case report of enteric protothecosis caused by Prototheca zopfii in an eight-year-old male mixed breed dog with a history of chronic bloody diarrhea, loss of appetite and weight loss. Algae were isolated from rectal scrapings in defibrinated sheep blood agar and dextrose Sabouraud agar. Cytological evaluation showed the presence of globular and cylindrical organisms with a defined capsule and variable number of endospores, characteristic of the genus Prototheca, in the rectum of the animal. Scanning electron microscopy of P. zopfii strains at different development stages confirmed the diagnosis of algal infection. Molecular identification using a conserved 18S rDNA gene sequence determined that the strain belonged to genotype 2. This report describes success on treatment of canine protothecosis, diagnosed based on clinical, cytological, microbiological, scanning electron microscopy and genotypical findings.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enteritis; Infections; Male; Nystatin; Prototheca

During a 20-month period all acute nonlymphocytic patients (87 patient trials) receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy were placed on an oral nonabsorbable antibiotic regimen consisting of gentamicin, vancomycin, and nystatin in addition to an intensive program of infection prevention aimed at reducing exogenously acquired and body-surface potential pathogens. Although side effects of anorexia, diarrhea, and nausea were common, gentamicin-vancomycin-nystatin was ingested 80% of the study time. Microbial growth in gingival and rectal cultures was substantially reduced. The incidence of bacteremias and other serious infections was low. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other gram-negative bacilli, and Candida species caused few infections along the alimentary canal, whereas infections of the skin (especially Staphylococcus aureus) were not reduced compared with those occurring in former years. A total of the 104 acquired gram-negative bacilli were gentamicin resistant; 5 subsequently caused infection. Thus, despite certain definite drawbacks, the use of oral nonabsorbable antibiotics to suppress alimentary tract microbial flora in combination with other infection prevention techniques in granulocytopenic cancer patients has proven feasible and tolerable and has been associated with a low order of life-threatening infections.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gentamicins; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Vancomycin

The antimicrobial therapy of musculoskeletal infections does not differ in basic principles from the therapy of any infection. However, the chronic nature of certain of these infections and the need for long-term treatment make essential the proper selection and monitoring of the antimicrobial agents. This can be done only by obtaining proper specimens for microbiologic identification and, in many cases, by in vitro susceptibility tests of the infecting organisms. Thus, the least toxic, effective antimicrobial agent can be selected and administered without inadequate therapy or toxic side effects.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Diseases; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Erythromycin; Flucytosine; Humans; Infections; Lincomycin; Muscular Diseases; Nystatin; Penicillins; Tetracyclines

During the two and a half year period from January 1971 through Jyly 1973, 23 patients had cultures positive for candida from intra-abdominal isolates. Most of these patients had intestinal or biliary fistulas or abscesses and were seriously ill. Major contributing factors to the development of candidal infections included the extensive use of multiple antibiotics, multiple operations, advanced age, and debility. Thirty additional patients had cultures positive for candida from skin and subcutaneous isolates. Candida appeared to contribute to the poor healing of wounds in some of these patients, particularly those with peripheral vascular ischemic lesions and decubitus ulcers. Antibiotics and concurrent diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease, were common factors relating to the development and growth of candida in these patients. There is often considerable difficulty in determing whether or not candida is only a contaminant or is an infectious agent contributing to the illness of the patient. This must be determined in each individual instance. In spite of the fact that candida appeared to be a significant infectious agent in many of these patients, specific antifungal therapy was used sparsely. It is suggested that appropriate antifungal drugs be used in patients with significant disease and that there should be greater awareness of the factors leading to the development of these extremely serious candidal infections.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Administration, Oral; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Cross Infection; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Leukemia; Nystatin; Sepsis

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Graft Rejection; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Infection Control; Infections; Isoniazid; Lung Diseases; Male; Methylprednisolone; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Radiography, Thoracic; Skin Tests; Tuberculin Test; Urinary Tract Infections; Ventilators, Mechanical

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Australia; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Utilization; Erythromycin; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Penicillins; Seasons; Tetracycline

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nystatin; Prednisone; Propylene Glycols; Protozoan Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous; Urinary Tract Infections; Virus Diseases

Topics: Acute Disease; Agranulocytosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacitracin; Bacteriological Techniques; Diet Therapy; Dietetics; Digestive System; Drug Synergism; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Gentamicins; Humans; Infection Control; Infections; Leukemia; Leukocyte Count; Neomycin; Nystatin; Polymyxins; Sterilization

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspergillus; Gentamicins; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Haemophilus influenzae; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Lung Abscess; Male; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pericarditis; Pericardium; Postoperative Complications; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory System; Serratia marcescens; Simplexvirus; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Suppuration; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Eye Diseases; Griseofulvin; Humans; Idoxuridine; Infections; Nystatin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Tolerance; Infections; Nystatin; Phosphates; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Dermatologic Agents; Infections; Nystatin; Phosphates; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Soft Tissue Infections; Tetracycline