nystatin-a1 and Infant--Newborn--Diseases

The use of oral nystatin to prevent fungal colonisation and infection in neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is still an open question and not yet recommended as a standard of care. To determine whether prophylactic oral nystatin results in a decreased incidence of invasive candidiasis in the newborn infants, a total of 3991 infants were divided randomly into two groups. Group A infants (n = 1995), only those neonates who were identified as yeast carriers (oral moniliasis) were treated with oral nystatin. Group B infants, all neonates who were admitted to the unit received oral nystatin, was routinely administered three times a day. Group A was divided into groups A1 and A2 (who were treated only if identified as yeast carriers). Urine and rectal cultures were taken on admission and then weekly thereafter. There were 215 (14.2%), 27 (5.6%) and 36 (1.8%) patients positive for invasive candidiasis in groups A1, A2 and B respectively. Oral nystatin prophylaxis significantly reduced the invasive candidiasis (P = 0.004) in extremely low-birth weight (ELBW) and very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants. Prophylactic administration of oral nystatine to the ELBW and VLBW infants results in a decreased risk of invasive candidiasis.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Male; Nystatin; Pharynx; Rectum

Topics: Birth Weight; Candidiasis, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Humans; Imidazoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Recurrence

Randomized controlled trials suggest that prophylactic administration of antifungal agents reduce the rate of colonization and invasive Candida infection in a subgroup of high-risk very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. The extent of antifungal prophylaxis use in the United Kingdom and Ireland is unknown.. A postal questionnaire was administered to neonatologists practicing in the United Kingdom and Ireland caring for VLBW infants. Information was requested on the prophylactic agents used, dosing schedules and duration of therapy. The rationale for reported practices was also ascertained.. The response rate was 55% (125/228). Antifungal prophylaxis use was reported by 66 (53%) respondents. First-line agents utilized included oral nystatin (53%) and intravenous fluconazole (41%). The most frequent indications for antifungal prophylaxis included antibiotic administration in 45 (68%) and decreased birth weight in 33 (50%) respondents. The majority of respondents who did not use antifungal prophylaxis felt that the perceived rate of invasive fungal disease within their unit was not high enough to justify its use.. A small majority of clinicians caring for VLBW neonates routinely use antifungal prophylaxis. This reflects the wide variation in the incidence of invasive disease, lack of guidelines supporting a role for prophylaxis and concerns related to emergence of resistant strains.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Fluconazole; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Nystatin; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

Two groups of 70 newborns each, all from diabetic mothers with and without nystatin prophylaxis, were compared, during the first three weeks of age, for incidence of mucocutaneous Candida albicans contamination (17 or 30 per cent) and for moniliasis (17 per cent in the group without prophylaxis and 71 per cent with Candida albicans contamination). Reference is made to modes of birth for comparison between pathogenesis and incidence of moniliasis and the need for prophylaxis of newborns delivered by diabetic mothers or by women with intact metabolism.

Topics: Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics

Topics: Candidiasis; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Intensive Care Units; Nystatin

Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin

Topics: Administration, Oral; Candidiasis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin

Topics: Age Factors; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Nystatin; Rectum; Skin

Sebaceous gland activity in the newborn and children is extensive at first in the epidermis, and later decreases owing to defective operation of the sweat glands, circulation changes, growth of the hair, and a predisposition to infection, for which significant treatment is required. In addition to the genetic "typus neurodermiticus", pharmaceutical, alimentary and respiratory allergens and psychological factors may play a part in the appearance of atopical dermatitis. Onset is usually in the 2nd to 6th month and the side of the face and the scalp are affected. The clinical picture varies considerably with age and includes sanious foci covered with scabs on the head and eczema flexurarum. Differences in family history, age and the location of sites will distinguish this form from seborrhoeic dermatitis. Gluteal dermitis is secondary to congestion caused by dampness, rugging and soaking, and the action of stools and urine (bacterial amniogenesis). The main complications of neonatal and infantile impetigo are: glomerulonephritis, exfoliative dermatitis, pulmonary abscess, pulmonitis and osteomyelitis; phlyctenular, serpiginous impetigo with large and small bullae is particularly important. Treatment of neonatal and infantile dermatosis must take account of the fact that increased reabsorption and congestion are contraindications for the local application of corticoids and preparations containing salicylic and boric acid.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet Therapy; Eczema; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Impetigo; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Neurodermatitis; Nystatin; Oils; Ointments; Salicylates; Skin Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Puerperal Disorders

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Contraceptive Agents; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Natamycin; Nystatin; Pregnancy

Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy

Topics: Adult; Candida; Candidiasis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Feces; Female; Germany, East; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lipase; Mouth; Natamycin; Nystatin; Peptide Hydrolases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rectum; Skin; Species Specificity; Vagina

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Gentian Violet; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin

Topics: Brain Abscess; Brain Diseases; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Intestinal Obstruction; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Nystatin

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genitalia, Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Yeasts

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Dermatitis, Exfoliative; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Eruptions; Female; Fetal Diseases; Fludrocortisone; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Neomycin; Nystatin; Paronychia; Pathology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy

Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Cross Infection; Female; History; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Dermatologic Agents; Glycerol; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Peroxides; Urea

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chloramphenicol; Communicable Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tetracycline

Topics: Biological Transport; Candidiasis; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nurseries, Hospital; Nystatin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nurseries, Hospital; Nystatin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis, Oral; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis, Oral; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Skin Diseases

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Child; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pneumonia; Skin Diseases