nystatin-a1 and Haemophilus-Infections

Infectious vaginitis occurs when the normal vaginal flora is disrupted; it may arise when saprophytes overwhelm the host immune response, when pathogenic organisms are introduced into the vagina or when changes in substrate allow an imbalance of microorganisms to develop. Examples of these types of vaginitis include the presence of chronic fungal infection in women with an inadequate cellular immune response to the yeast, the introduction of trichomonads into vaginal epithelium that has a sufficient supply of glycogen, and the alteration in bacterial flora, normally dominated by Lactobacillus spp., and its metabolites that is characteristic of "nonspecific vaginitis". The authors review microbiologic and clinical aspects of the fungal, protozoal and bacterial infections, including the interactions of bacteria thought to produce nonspecific vaginitis, that are now recognized as causing vaginitis. Other causes of vaginitis are also discussed.

Topics: Antibody Formation; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Carrier State; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Lactobacillus; Male; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma Infections; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sexual Behavior; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vagina; Vaginitis; Virus Diseases

Topics: Adult; Candidiasis; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Recurrence; Sulfonamides; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginal Diseases; Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis

Vaginitis is one of the most common complaints of women in the United States today. About 90% of patients with this problem suffer from infection of the vagina caused by Candida, Gardnerella, or Trichomonas. The diagnosis and effective treatment of these common infections depend on accurate identification of the entity, effective specific therapy, and restoration of the normal ecosystem of the vagina. At the same time women should be made aware that not all discharge means infection and that any attempts at self-treatment may only worsen their condition. Proper hygiene habits, dietary control, and management of stress are all helpful factors in the control of recurrent vaginal infections.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Lactams; Male; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Recurrence; Sexual Behavior; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginal Smears; Vaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Gonorrhea; Haemophilus Infections; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma Infections; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Tuberculosis, Urogenital; Vagina; Vaginitis

A guest faculty discussed the management of patients with vaginal infections. It was agreed that correct diagnosis is necessary before therapy. Diagnosis can be accomplished by a microscopic examination in 90% of the cases. The cytologic smear is also very important. Specific culture media may be useful for troublesome cases, for instance, blood agar fo Haemophilus vaginalis, Trichocel medium for Trichiomonas vaginalis, Neckerson's medium for candidal species and Thayer-Martin for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Patient history is important since some infections tend to occur in certain patients such as candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus, patients who are pregnant or are taking broad spectrum antibiotics, estrogen or contraceptive pills. The pH of vaginal secretions may also be helpful in making the diagnosis. It was suggested that the term "nonspecific" vaginitis is a misnomer and is used to conceal ignorance. Others felt that such agents as soap, vaginal deodorant spray, and clothing may be causatives. The term "psychogenic leukorrhea" was discussed with varying conclusions. Routine treatment for each form of vaginitis was outlines and treatment for recurrent, persistent trichomoniasis and moniliasis was given. It was agreed that douching will not cure vaginitis but may be useful in removing excessive secretion. It is not recommended for routine hygeine but is acceptable following menstruation or intercourse.

Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Chronic Disease; Clioquinol; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Female; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Leukorrhea; Metronidazole; Nitrofurazone; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Sulfates; Therapeutic Irrigation; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vagina; Vaginal Smears; Vaginitis