nystatin-a1 and Diarrhea

Fungal infections of the gastrointestinal tract have risen to higher levels of prevalence in the past decade. Major factors accounting for this increase are social changes, such as the increased ease and frequency of travel, which exposes the individual to environmental conditions that may result in fungal infection; increasing use of antibiotic and hormonal medications by otherwise healthy persons; and improved therapy for other diseases, such as polychemotherapy of cancer with its immunosuppressive effects. Both noninvasive and invasive fungal disease of the intestinal tract in otherwise healthy individuals can be successfully treated. The invasive fungal infections in patients with severe prior underlying disease are often first diagnosed postmortem, but improvement in serologic techniques now offers a possibility of earlier diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Diarrhea; Enteritis; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Imidazoles; Immunosuppression Therapy; Ketoconazole; Miconazole; Mycoses; Neoplasms; Nystatin; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Piperazines; Sulfadiazine

Denture stomatitis (DS) is the most common form of chronic oral candidiasis. The standard treatment for DS is nystatin, which is accompanied with complications such as a bitter taste. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of garlic with nystatin in DS.. This randomised clinical trial study was performed on 40 patients with DS. After obtaining written consent, patients were divided into two groups while members of each group were given either nystatin or garlic extract for 4 weeks. The length and width of erythema area was measured at the end of the first, second, third, and the fourth weeks using a calliper. Data were analysed by SPSS and statistical tests including variance analysis with anova repeated measures, chi-square, and least square differences.. The changes in the length and width of erythema at different times according to the type of treatment were found to be significant while an accelerated recovery was demonstrated for nystatin (p < 0.001). Both regimens resulted in significant recovery (p < 0.0001). Greater satisfaction with the use of garlic rather than nystatin was mentioned (p < 0.0001).. Considering the efficacy of garlic and lack of side effects for this compound and also regarding the nystatin-associated complications, garlic extract can be introduced as a substitution for standard treatment in DS.

Topics: Aged; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Erythema; Female; Garlic; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Nausea; Nystatin; Patient Satisfaction; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Stomatitis, Denture; Taste Disorders

The part that candida plays in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea was investigated in 24 elderly inpatients (mean age 74 years) who tested negative for Clostridium difficile toxin and other intestinal pathogens. 7 had intestinal overgrowth of Candida species (greater than or equal to 10(5) cfu/ml). None of the 24 matched, antibiotic-treated controls without diarrhoea had candida overgrowth. All 5 patients with diarrhoea and candida overgrowth treated with oral nystatin responded with resolution of diarrhoea and lowering of faecal counts to less than 10(4) cfu/ml within 7 days of start of antifungal therapy despite continuation of antibacterial therapy. In the other 2 patients with candida overgrowth, the diarrhoea subsided spontaneously and faecal candida counts returned to normal (less than 10(4) cfu/ml) after antibacterial agents were withdrawn. In patients without candida overgrowth, diarrhoea persisted until antibiotics were withdrawn, at a mean of 16 days after study entry.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida; Cross Infection; Diarrhea; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Nystatin; Prospective Studies

In a multicentre, double-blind, controlled trial of tetracycline plus nystatin (Mysteclin) and tetracycline, 111 patients with respiratory infections received one or other drug for a period of 10 days.The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms was high in both groups before treatment began, and somewhat higher in the Mysteclin group than in the tetracycline group. After 10 days' treatment 50% of the patients in the Mysteclin group had symptoms, a mean of 1.44 each, compared with 34% of the patients in the tetracycline group, with a mean of 1.47 symptoms each; the difference between the two groups is not significant (P>0.05). The incidence of Candida albicans in the stools at 10 days in the Mysteclin group (9.1%) was significantly lower than that in the tetracycline group (37.1%), but this was not reflected in any reduction in the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Topics: Candida; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Pruritus; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sex Factors; Tetracycline

This study surveyed the prevalence of massive numbers of Cyniclomyces guttulatus in faecal samples from healthy dogs (18%) and dogs with chronic diarrhoea (14%) suggesting that this yeast has no clinical significance. Subsequently, a total of 57 referred dogs with chronic diarrhoea were selected because they excreted massive numbers of C. guttulatus and their initial diagnostic work-up yielded no other direct clues explaining their diarrhoea. Treatment with nystatin did not result in any clinical response in 36 out of these 57 dogs (63%), although they no longer shed the yeast. However, a response was noted in the remaining 21 (37%) dogs: 13 were 'responders', in that their diarrhoea subsided for more than two weeks and the faeces were cleared of the yeast. However, three of these dogs relapsed repeatedly, with signs of diarrhoea and massive shedding of the yeast. The other eight dogs were 'incomplete responders', whereby faecal quality initially normalised, but diarrhoea relapsed within two weeks, whilst still not shedding the yeast. In these cases, further diagnostic work up revealed other co-causes of diarrhoea. It was concluded that there was no direct evidence that C. guttulatus is a primary pathogen. However, the results of the prospective treatment study suggest that a possible role in a minority of cases, perhaps as an opportunist, cannot be ruled out.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Carrier State; Chronic Disease; Diarrhea; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feces; Female; Male; Netherlands; Nystatin; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Saccharomycetales

Zinc is a useful addition to oral rehydration therapy for acute diarrhoea. We have assessed the mechanism of its epithelial antisecretory action when intestinal epithelial tight junctions were pharmacologically opened.. Rat isolated ileal and colonic mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers and exposed to ZnSO(4) (Zn(2+) ) in the presence of secretagogues and inhibition of short circuit current (I(sc) ) was measured.. Pre-incubation with basolateral but not apical Zn(2+) reduced I(sc) stimulated by forskolin, carbachol and A23187. In the presence of the tight junction-opener, cytochalasin D, antisecretory effects of apically-applied Zn(2+) were enabled in colon and ileum. The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app) ) of Zn(2+) was increased 1.4- and 2.4-fold across rat ileum and colon, respectively, by cytochalasin D. Basolateral addition of Zn(2+) also reduced the I(sc) stimulated by nystatin in rat colon, confirming K channel inhibition. In comparison with other inhibitors, Zn(2+) was a relatively weak blocker of basolateral K(ATP) and K (Ca2+) channels. Exposure of ileum and colon to Zn(2+) for 60 min had minimal effects on epithelial histology.. Antisecretory effects of Zn(2+) on intestinal epithelia arose in part through nonselective blockade of basolateral K channels, which was enabled when tight junctions were open.

Topics: Animals; Antidiarrheals; Calcimycin; Carbachol; Colforsin; Colon; Cytochalasin D; Diarrhea; Electricity; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestinal Secretions; Ionophores; Ions; Male; Nystatin; Permeability; Potassium Channel Blockers; Potassium Channels; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tight Junctions; Zinc; Zinc Sulfate

This is the first report documenting the presence of a high number of Cyniclomyces guttulatus yeasts in the faeces of a cat. The animal was initially presented with acute complaints of vomiting and diarrhoea. The patient responded well to oral salazosul-fapyridine but the stools remained soft and C. guttulatus yeasts were still present. After a course of nystatin (15,000 IU/kg bw q24 PO for 4 days) the stools were normal and no yeasts were found anymore (centrifugation/flotation/zinc sulphate). C. guttulatus occurs naturally in the digestive tract of rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, rats and mice. It is occasionally found in massive numbers in the faeces of dogs with diarrhoea; part of these patients respond well to nystatin treatment. Recent experience indicates that the most effective dosage of nystatin for dogs and cats is 50.000 IU/kg q24 PO for 4 days.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Mycoses; Nystatin; Saccharomycopsis; Sulfasalazine; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Mycoses; Nystatin; Rabbits; Saccharomycetales

The aim of performed examinations was to isolate, identify and determine a drug susceptibility of fungi cultured from faecal specimens submitted for detection of Clostridium difficile in cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). One hundred samples of diarrhoeic faeces were examined using routine bacteriological methods (isolation and identification of C. difficile), serological test (detection of C. difficile toxins A/B) and mycological methods (isolation, identification and drug susceptibility testing of fungi). Out of twenty seven specimens of diarrhoeic faeces fungal strains were isolated, in 20 samples C. difficile strain and/or C. difficile toxins A/B were detected, in 23 specimens fungal strains, C. difficile strains and/or toxins A/B of this species were present. The most active in vitro agent against cultured fungal strains was nystatin. In conclusion it can be stated, that fungal strains are responsible for some cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. So, mycological diagnostics of faecal samples from patients with diarrhoea after antibiotic therapy is necessary. Cases of diarrhoea with mixed bacterial and fungal aetiology (C. difficile + yeast-like fungus) were observed.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Diarrhea; Feces; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin

The case of a 66-year-old female patient is presented, who suffered from chronic watery diarrhea. In addition, she developed linear IgA dermatosis after oral treatment of a presumed yeast infection with nystatin. To evaluate the reason for her diarrhea, colonoscopy was performed. The macroscopic aspect of the colon mucosa was described as normal with no specific alterations for chronic inflammatory bowel disease or for bacterial infections. In contrast, the histologic examination revealed the typical characteristics of lymphocytic colitis. This disease is thought to be caused by immunological reactions against as yet unknown luminal antigens. After treatment with steroids and dapsone the diarrhea as well as the skin disease disappeared. To our knowledge, the present report describes for the first time the association of linear IgA dermatosis with lymphocytic colitis after oral treatment with nystatin. A possible causative link between these two disease entities is discussed.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antifungal Agents; Biopsy; Blotting, Western; Chronic Disease; Colitis; Colon; Colonoscopy; Dapsone; Diarrhea; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Lymphocytes; Methylprednisolone; Nystatin; Skin; Skin Diseases

It has been hypothesized that Clostridium difficile and decreased colonic production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) cause the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. We therefore wanted to investigate the effects of an intensive and uniform antibiotic therapy on faecal SCFAs concentrations. C. difficile, and extent of diarrhoea.. Fifteen liver-transplanted patients who received oral bowel flora suppression therapy (6.3 g cefuroxime, 0.6 g tobramycin, and 0.5 g nystatin three times daily) were studied for 12 days before and 12 days after discontinuation of therapy.. Thirteen of the 15 patients (87%) developed diarrhoea. Colonic fermentation was negligible in all patients, judged by very low levels of faecal SCFAs (< 10 mmol/l). Diarrhoea lessened as suppression therapy proceeded despite continuous low levels of SCFAs. Initial stool frequency of 4.1 +/- 0.6 and viscosity of 2.5 +/- 0.2 per day (on a scale of 1-3; mean +/- SE) decreased to 2.2 +/- 0.5 (p = 0.0009) and 1.6 +/- 0.2 (p = 0.003) per day, respectively, just before cessation of suppression therapy. Both SCFAs and stool habits normalized within days after discontinuation of antibiotics. Only a few samples from 2 patients were culture-positive for C. difficile during therapy, whereas 9 of the 15 patients (60%) became culture-positive (6 cytotoxin-positive) after cessation of suppression therapy at a time when none had diarrhoea.. Intensive treatment with antibiotics directed against the colonic flora resulted in diarrhoea in the vast majority of patients, but the diarrhoea was self-limiting despite continual antibiotic treatment and very low faecal concentrations of SCFAs. C. difficile was not associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea but was a common finding after treatment with antibiotics was stopped at the time when diarrhoea had ceased.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Clostridioides difficile; Colon; Diarrhea; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Tobramycin

Cokeromyces recurvatus, a sporangiola-forming dimorphic fungus, is a rare cause of urogenital infection in humans. We report here a case of severe watery diarrhea due to C. recurvatus, which was treated successfully with high-dose oral nystatin therapy. We speculate that our patient was probably predisposed to infections due to opportunistic organisms, such as C. recurvatus, because of post-transplantation immunosuppression. To our knowledge, our patient represents the first documented case of diarrhea due to C. recurvatus in man, and this case highlights the potential pathogenic capability of this opportunistic organism in immunosuppressed patients.

Topics: Bone Marrow Transplantation; Diarrhea; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Male; Middle Aged; Mucormycosis; Multiple Myeloma; Nystatin; Opportunistic Infections

Ten hospitalized patients with severe diarrhea associated with intestinal Candida overgrowth are reported. Candida-associated diarrhea is predominantly of the secretory type, characterized by frequent watery stools, usually without blood, mucus, tenesmus, or abdominal pain. The patients were elderly, malnourished, and critically ill, or suffered from chronic debilitating illness. Their hospital stays were prolonged, and the majority were being treated with multiple antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents. Diarrhea often led to dehydration, prerenal azotemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Stool culture most frequently isolated Cand. albicans in association with decreased normal flora. Colonoscopy showed no evidence of colitis. Diagnosis was made based on the absence of diarrhea-producing medications, the continuation of diarrhea despite fasting, the exclusion of other infections, inflammatory conditions and other causes of secretory diarrhea, and a dramatic response to a short course of nystatin.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Candida; Candidiasis; Chronic Disease; Cross Infection; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy, Combination; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Nystatin

Quantitative bacterial cultures were carried out in 137 gastric aspirates of 52 neonates with gastrostomies due to intestinal malformations. In 28% there was no growth of any organism, in 72% we found one to four bacterial species. Most often enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus epidermidis and candida albicans could be cultured. We could not find any influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on bacterial colonization of the stomach. On the other hand nystatin given orally significantly decreased colonization by candida albicans. Different types of formulas or breast milk had no influence on types of species isolated. Clinically it was interesting to note that 12/52 children developed diarrhea and that 6 newborns developed septicaemia caused by the same organisms as we had found in elevated numbers in their gastric aspirates.

Topics: Candida; Diarrhea; Enterobacteriaceae; Gastric Juice; Gastrostomy; Humans; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Nystatin; Pseudomonas; Sepsis; Staphylococcus epidermidis

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Biological Transport; Cecum; Diarrhea; Electrolytes; Male; Neomycin; Nystatin; Rats; Streptomycin

Topics: Candidiasis; Diarrhea; Humans; Nystatin

With the rise in pH of gastric juice that results from vagotomy, there is a high incidence of intraluminal gastric Candida albicans overgrowth in the immediate postoperative period. There appears to be no clear cut correlation between gastric Candida overgrowth and the post-vagotomy diarrhea syndrome. Mycostatin has not had a significant affect upon this diarrhea.

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Candida albicans; Corynebacterium; Diarrhea; Duodenal Ulcer; Feces; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Gastrostomy; Humans; Klebsiella; Lactobacillus; Male; Mycoplasma; Nose; Nystatin; Pyloric Antrum; Stomach; Streptococcus; Time Factors; Vagotomy

Topics: Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Infant; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Nystatin

Topics: Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chloramphenicol; Diarrhea; Diarrhea, Infantile; Dyspepsia; Enterotoxins; Erythromycin; Feces; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nystatin; Oxacillin; Oxytetracycline; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus

Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Cystitis; Cystoscopy; Cytosine; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Urography

Topics: Administration, Oral; Ampicillin; Animals; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Cloxacillin; Cyclophosphamide; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Dogs; Feces; Graft Rejection; Hematuria; Injections, Intravenous; Melena; Neomycin; Nystatin; Pharynx; Polymyxins; Transplantation, Homologous; Urine; Vomiting

Topics: Diarrhea; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Nystatin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bronchial Diseases; Candidiasis; Diarrhea; Lung Diseases; Nausea; Nystatin; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Vomiting

Topics: Candidiasis; Child; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Nystatin; Research Design