nystatin-a1 and Candidiasis--Vulvovaginal

At concentrations achieved following systemic administration, the primary effect of imidazoles and triazoles on fungi is inhibition of 14-α-sterol demethylase, a microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme. Imidazoles and triazoles impair the biosynthesis of ergosterol for the cytoplasmic membrane and lead to the accumulation of 14-α-methyl sterols. The synthetic imidazole miconazole is additionally able to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species, at least in part through inhibition of fungal catalase and peroxidase. This unique feature of miconazole is probably the basis for its fungicidal activity in

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Nystatin

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Nystatin; Secondary Prevention

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Itraconazole; Nystatin; Secondary Prevention

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Imidazoles; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Male; Nystatin; Sexual Partners

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Imidazoles; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Male; Nystatin; Secondary Prevention; Sexual Partners

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Nystatin; Recurrence; Sexual Partners

The multiplicity of information which electronmicroscopy has contributed to our knowledge of Candida albicans and its relationship to the human host is reviewed and by means of examples presented.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Diagnosis, Differential; Family Practice; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Nystatin; Recurrence; Sexual Partners

We describe congenital cutaneous candidiasis (CCC) in a term newborn. The mother had candidal vaginitis 1 week before delivery. At birth, the infant had a generalized, intensely erythematous, papulovesicular eruption, respiratory distress and elevation of liver function tests. The child responded well to intravenous amphotericin B plus topical and oral nystatin. There have been 13 previously reported cases of CCC in infants weighing more than 1500 gm who had evidence of systemic infection. Two deaths were attributed to candidal pneumonia and sepsis. The majority of infants with CCC have infection localized to the skin, but if there is any evidence of respiratory distress or signs of sepsis the possibility of systemic candidiasis and the need for parenteral antifungal therapy must be considered.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Liver Function Tests; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Miconazole; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis

Infectious vaginitis occurs when the normal vaginal flora is disrupted; it may arise when saprophytes overwhelm the host immune response, when pathogenic organisms are introduced into the vagina or when changes in substrate allow an imbalance of microorganisms to develop. Examples of these types of vaginitis include the presence of chronic fungal infection in women with an inadequate cellular immune response to the yeast, the introduction of trichomonads into vaginal epithelium that has a sufficient supply of glycogen, and the alteration in bacterial flora, normally dominated by Lactobacillus spp., and its metabolites that is characteristic of "nonspecific vaginitis". The authors review microbiologic and clinical aspects of the fungal, protozoal and bacterial infections, including the interactions of bacteria thought to produce nonspecific vaginitis, that are now recognized as causing vaginitis. Other causes of vaginitis are also discussed.

Topics: Antibody Formation; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Carrier State; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Lactobacillus; Male; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma Infections; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Sexual Behavior; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vagina; Vaginitis; Virus Diseases

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cheilitis; Female; Folliculitis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Intertrigo; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Nystatin; Paronychia

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Male; Nystatin; Ointments; Powders; Suppositories; Suspensions; Tablets

An empirical treatment of infectious vaginitis is justified because of its multiple etiologies, the frequent uncertainty of clinical diagnosis and limits of microbiological analysis. Our aim was to comparatively investigate nystatin-neomycin-polymyxin B combination (NNP, Polygynax. In this European multicenter, double-blind PRISM trial, participating women presenting with infectious vaginitis were randomized to receive one vaginal capsule containing either NNP for 12 days or miconazole for 3 days followed by 9 days of placebo.. The clinical success rate was higher in the NNP group (n=302) than the miconazole group (n=309), with a difference between groups close to statistical significance (91.1% vs. 86.7%, P=0.0906). The risk of treatment failure was 36% lower in the NNP group (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.07). Vaginal burning on Day 2 and vaginal discharge on Day 4 were significantly less intense in the NNP group than in the miconazole group (39.1 vs. 42.3, P=0.031 and 34.6 vs. 37.6, P=0.031, respectively). Adverse drug reactions were reported by 1.2% and 2.1% of patients in the NNP and miconazole group respectively, with the ratio of adverse drug reactions relative to total adverse events significantly higher in the miconazole group (20.3% vs. 6.9%, P=0.022).. The widespread use of NNP for several decades and its good efficacy and safety profile, as well as the frequent diagnostic uncertainties due to the various pathogens sustain the initiation of this broad-spectrum empirical treatment in infectious vaginitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Arsenicals; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin; Polymyxins; Treatment Outcome; Vaginitis; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate how konjac glucomannan hydrolysates (GMH) could support the healthy re-colonisation of vaginal microflora post infections. A total of 26 female patients (12 controls and 14 treatments) aged 18 to 25 suffering from vaginal infection were recruited for this study. Patients were assigned randomly into two groups to receive a standard antifungal treatment or a standard antifungal treatment plus pessary capsules containing 200 mg GMH (twice a week for thirty days). Patients were assessed on day zero, sixteen and thirty of the trial. Several parameters were determined including yeast and bacterial counts, the KOH test, pH, Gram staining and wet mount microscopic observations. The results showed that the counts of Candida were diminished completely with antifungal treatment for both groups. However, the total bacterial counts increased with time in the GMH pessary group unlike the control. The normalised average KOH scores were reduced sharply with time in both groups although in the control group scores started to increase after sixteen days. The normalised average white blood cell scores also decreased with time for both groups. Epithelial cell scores decreased only for the GMH pessary group while clue cells and yeast-like fungi decreased with time for both control and GMH pessary groups. These results indicate the improvement of vaginal health recovery (post antifungal treatment for Candida infection) and especially the presence of healthy microflora due to the introduction of GMH in the vagina. The data indicate that it would be worth examining further the health benefits of GMH in a vaginal health format with a view to employing the material as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent. It provides an alternative approach to reducing vaginal infections and promoting consumer health.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Mannans; Metagenome; Nystatin; Pessaries; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases; Young Adult

The evaluation of combined and miscellaneous vulvovaginal infections incidence and their treatment with combined vaginal products containing nifuratel and nystatin.. Prospective study.. Gynecologic outpatient department LEVRET, Prague; Laboratories of Microbiology AescuLab, Prague.. 70 consecutive patients were examined with complaint of vaginal fluor and/or pruritus. We established macroscopic features of fluor, pH, amine test and mounts stained with Giemsa and Gram. We qualified the cases with more diagnostic criteria (mycosis, lactobacillosis, anaerobic vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis) as combined infection, those with no diagnostic criteria as miscellaneous. We treated all patients with vaginal tablets nystatin + nifuratel (Macmiror complex). We prescribed clotrimazol cream, if pruritus was present. We evaluated withdrawals of symptoms and relapses during 3 months after treatment.. Combined infection was found in 21 patients from 70 (30%). The most frequent combination was that of mycosis and aerobic vaginitis (13/70, 18.6%) or mycosis and anaerobic vaginosis (4/70, 5.7%); 11 patients fulfilled criteria of no diagnosis. We concluded them as "miscelaneous". The treatment was successful in all cases, 10 women relapsed in 3 months.. Combined vaginal infection findings are present very often (30%), likewise miscellaneous ones (15%) occur. The treatment of these women in successful with vaginal tablets with nystatin + nifuratel.

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nifuratel; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Vulvovaginitis

The dose-effect relationship of nifuratel (CAS 4936-47-4) + nystatin (CAS 1400-61-9, CAS 34786-70-4) (Macmiror Complex) in topical treatment of vulvo-vaginitis was studied.. Sixty patients with Trichomoniasis and/or Candidiasis were randomized to: 1) nifuratel 125 mg/nystatin 50000 IU, 2) nifuratel 250 mg/nystatin 100000 IU, 3) nifuratel 500 mg/nystatin 200000 IU. Undistinguishable ovules were intravaginally applied qd for 10 days. The dose-effect relationship was assessed by ANCOVA.. After 5 days the microbiological cure rate occurred in 10% of patients in the least dose, in 40% in the middle dose and in 85% in the highest dose group (P = 0.000). After 10 days of treatment, the microbiological cure rate increased to 45%, 84%, and 95%, respectively (P = 0.007). Clinical signs and symptoms gradually disappeared in a dose- and time-dependent manner. No relapse has been observed after 10 day-follow up on 46 patients.. The results confirmed a linear relationship between nifuratel + nystatin dose and effect. The least effective dose was nifuratel 250 mg + nystatin 100,000 IU once daily for 5 days and the best dose in terms of risk/benefit ratio was nifuratel 500 mg + nystatin 200,000 IU once daily for 5 days.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nifuratel; Nystatin; Treatment Outcome; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginal Diseases

The aim of the present multicentre study was to examine the therapeutic possibilities of the wide-spectrum medicament MACMIROR & MACMIROR COMPLEX for the treatment of the vaginal infections.. The study included 159 nonpregnant women among 15 and 54 years (middle age 35.6) with different by kind and intensity colpitis complaints. The following microbiological characteristic was established: in 26 cases Gardnerella vaginalis, in 46 Candida spp., and in the rest 87-mixed aerobic bacterial flora, with a combination of Gardnerella, yeast and Trichomonas. The treatment of the patients was done in combined scheme: peroral and vaginal administration, simultaneously with local treatment of the partner. The control examination was performed bistagely: on 7-10 day and on 30-40 day.. The good clinical and microbiological influence of the treated patients was established, for the first control examination the effect was found in 88.1% and 86.8% and for the second--respectively in 81.1% and 82.4%.. The received results give us a cause to approve, that the combination "Nifuratel and Nystatin" (Macmiror & Macmimor complex) has the good possibilities to influence the mixed forms of vaginal infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Middle Aged; Nifuratel; Nystatin; Treatment Outcome; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginosis, Bacterial

(1) To compare the effectiveness of two clinical protocols for the management of vaginal discharge in the situations where no laboratory facilities are available but speculum examination is possible and where basic laboratory facilities are available. (2) To determine clinical and simple laboratory indicators for diagnosis of patients with vaginal discharge in the local setting.. Alternate allocation of subjects to one of two management protocols.. Women presenting to university gynaecology outpatients department with a complaint of vaginal discharge.. Subjects were alternately allocated management according to one of two protocols: one without (group A) and one with (group B) immediate access to results of basic laboratory tests. Full clinical assessment including speculum examination and microbiological assessment for infection with gonorrhoea, chlamydia, candida, trichomonas, and bacterial vaginosis was performed on all women. Follow up assessment of clinical and microbiological response was performed 1-2 weeks later.. At initial assessment, both groups were similar in all respects except that more group B women had inflammation of the vulva. The prevalences of various conditions were: candidiasis 22%, bacterial vaginosis 38%, trichomoniasis 4%, chlamydia 4%, gonorrhoea 0.4%. There was no association between any demographic characteristic and diagnosis of cause of the discharge. Both protocols resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements for women with candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis. There were no clinically important differences in outcomes between the two protocols. The sensitivities and specificities of various indicators were: curd-like vaginal discharge for candidiasis, 72% and 100%; homogeneous vaginal discharge for bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis, 94% and 88%; absent or scanty lactobacilli for bacterial vaginosis, 99% and 68%; > 20% clue cells for bacterial vaginosis, 81% and 99%; visible endocervical mucopus for chlamydia or gonorrhoea, 36% and 86%; microscopic endocervical mucopus for chlamydia or gonorrhoea, 64% and 69%.. Both protocols were equally effective in managing women with abnormal vaginal discharge. Simple clinical indicators for candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, or trichomonas as in protocol A are sufficiently sensitive and specific for use in situations with no laboratory support. A modification to protocol A could increase detection of bacterial vaginosis at basic health service level. Further work is needed to identify appropriate indicators for infection with chlamydia or gonorrhoea.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Protocols; Doxycycline; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Leukorrhea; Metronidazole; Microbiological Techniques; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Ofloxacin; Physical Examination; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Uterine Cervicitis; Vaginosis, Bacterial

67 women with chronic recurrent or persistent vaginal candidosis between 5-79 years of age were seen in our outdoor department. In 34 cases, yeasts could be isolated in a vaginal swab taken at the first consultation. On average the patients reported 5 episodes per year during the last years. Typical symptoms consisted of pruritus vulvae, local inflammation and a curdy vaginal discharge. Nearly all of the women had received local or systemic antimycotic treatment for several times. In 53% (18 patients), C. albicans had been isolated, in 29% (10 patients) C. glabrata and in 9% (3 patients) C. krusei. While candidosis due to C. albicans and C. krusei was frequently associated with distressing complaints, infections with C. glabrata caused only very few symptoms. Independent of the species, severe and persistent infections were characterized by long term persisting specific IgM-antibody-titers and remarkable lack of IgG-antibodies. The laboratory parameters of WBC, CRP and immunelectrophoresis were normal. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 60 Candida strains against fluconacole were determined by microdilution assay. The MIC for C. albicans (n = 35) were between 0.78 and 3.125 micrograms/ml, for C. glabrata (n = 20) between 8 and 32 micrograms/ml and for C. krusei (n = 5) between 25 and 128 micrograms/ml. In 7 cases, local antimycotic treatment was sufficient. Correlating to the sensitivity, 18 women were treated with 100-800 mg fluconacole/d for 10-20 days. In 13 of them, clearance of symptoms and yeasts was achieved. The treatment of fluconacole-resistant strains with itraconazole (100-200 ml/d for 10-20 days) together with local application of nystatin (2 x 1 Mio. IE for 10 days) was without any effect. Three women with C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei infection received a candidin-vaccination (0.005 BE/ml-500 BE/ml). In all of these cases, production of IgM-antibodies was induced. However, the clinical symptoms could not be influenced. Only in two cases it was not possible to reach a clearance of symptoms and yeasts. The results show the benefit of a precise differentiation before therapy. Serologic controls of antibody titers seem to be useful tools to control the efficacy of treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Itraconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Recurrence

This open clinical trial in 121 patients carried out by gynaecologists shows the difficulty in establishing the clinical diagnosis of vaginal candidosis or vaginal infectious candidosis. On the other hand, specific vaginitis can easily be identified, without carrying out vaginal smear. Bacteriological and clinical arguments show the efficacy of using an antibiotic association by the vaginal route for the treatment of these types of vaginitis (candidosis or infectious candidosis). The product is particularly interesting in all cases where vaginal smear have not been taken.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antitrichomonal Agents; Arsenicals; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Gynecology; Humans; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin; Polymyxins; Vaginosis, Bacterial

Topics: Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Nystatin; Research Design; Syndrome

Candida albicans infection has been proposed to cause a chronic hypersensitivity syndrome characterized by fatigue, premenstrual tension, gastrointestinal symptoms, and depression. Long-term antifungal therapy has been advocated as treatment for the syndrome, which is most often diagnosed in women with persistent or recurrent candida vaginitis.. To determine the efficacy of nystatin therapy for presumed candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome, we conducted a 32-week randomized, double-blind, cross-over study using four different combinations of nystatin or placebo given orally or vaginally in 42 premenopausal women who met present criteria for the syndrome and had a history of candida vaginitis. The outcomes studied were the changes from base line in scores for vaginal, systemic, and overall symptoms and in the results of standardized psychological tests.. The three active-treatment regimens (oral and vaginal nystatin, oral nystatin and vaginal placebo, and oral placebo and vaginal nystatin) and the all-placebo regimen significantly reduced both vaginal and systemic symptoms (P less than 0.001), but nystatin did not reduce the systemic symptoms significantly more than placebo. On average, the scores for systemic symptoms improved 25 percent with the three active-treatment regimens and 23 percent with the all-placebo regimen, a difference of only 2 percent (95 percent confidence interval, -3 to 7 percent). As expected, the three active-treatment regimens were more effective than placebo in relieving vaginal symptoms (P less than 0.001). All four regimens reduced psychological symptoms and global indexes of distress; there were no significant differences among the treatment regimens.. In women with presumed candidiasis hypersensitivity syndrome, nystatin does not reduce systemic or psychological symptoms significantly more than placebo. Consequently, the empirical recommendation of long-term nystatin therapy for such women appears to be unwarranted.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Capsules; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Nystatin; Syndrome

A comparative study was conducted to compare the results of the use of oral and local vaginal therapy in the treatment of vaginal candidosis. Forty-five patients with clinical and mycological evidence of vaginal candidosis were recruited and were randomly allocated to one of the treatment groups. Twenty-four patients received ketoconazole orally (400 mg/day for 5 days) and 21 patients received nystatin vaginal pessaries (100,000 units twice/day for 7 days). Seven out of 20 rectal swabs (35%) were positive for Candida albicans. Both drugs were significantly effective in relieving patients symptoms and physical signs. The mycological cure rates were 87.5% and 81%, and the relapsing rates were 0% and 5.9% for the ketoconazole and nystatin groups, respectively. Ketoconazole oral therapy had generally slightly higher results than local nystatin therapy in the treatment of vaginal candidosis, yet the difference was statistically insignificant.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Ketoconazole; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Pessaries; Random Allocation; Recurrence

A total of 258 patients with candidal vulvovaginitis, all of whom also exhibited Candida organisms in the rectum, were treated for 1 week with vaginal tablets only (nystatin or clotrimazole) or with both vaginal and oral tablets (nystatin). Mycologic and symptomatic responses were superior for the group receiving combined intravaginal-oral therapy; the vaginas of 88% of those treated by both routes were cleared of Candida, as compared with 75% of those receiving only intravaginal medication (p less than 0.05). Nystatin and clotrimazole were equally effective. When the 258 patients, regardless of treatment regimen, were grouped into those whose intestinal tracts after therapy contained Candida or those free of Candida, the response rates of the vaginal infection at all follow-up examinations favored the latter group (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.001). Vaginal infection recurred in 19.7% of patients treated only intravaginally and 14.7% of those receiving combined therapy. These results suggest the value of eliminating any intestinal reservoir of Candida when treating patients with candidal vulvovaginitis.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Enteritis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Random Allocation; Rectum; Vagina

The results of all the controlled trials carried out at the Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine at the Cardiff Royal Infirmary over the past 16 years are summarized. All except one of these trials were carried out with patients having acute vulvovaginal candidiasis. One trial involved treating only patients with recurring candidal infection. In all the acute trials, there were practically no mycologic relapses 7 days after completion of treatment whatever the regimen used, but at 35 days after completion of treatment the mycologic relapse rate was in the region of 20% to 25%. It is concluded that following the elimination of any known predisposing cause of vaginal candidiasis, the intravaginal application of 500 mg of an imidazole preparation is as effective a treatment as any other regimen. In recurrent cases, monthly treatment with such a dose may be adequate to control the patient's symptoms. Mycologic relapse may not be accompanied by symptoms, but in recurrent cases there is a closer relation between mycologic relapse and symptoms.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Econazole; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Nystatin; Pessaries; Recurrence; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; Wales

This study compares the effectiveness of 6 treatment regimens for vulvovaginal candidiasis with 6 months' follow-up. 292 patients randomly allocated to the treatments completed the trial. Significant differences were found in the rates of recurrence within the different treatment groups. The most successful treatment was miconazole vaginal cream with oral nystatin, with a cure rate of 81%. The high rate of recurrence of this condition is noted and the need for at least 6 months' follow-up in future trials of candidacides is emphasized.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Clotrimazole; Econazole; Female; Humans; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Recurrence; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies

One hundred patients with vulvovaginal candidosis were entered in a double-blind trial to compare the effect of six days' local treatment with clotrimazole with that of the same treatment plus 10 days' oral treatment with nystatin. No significant differences were detected in the rate of cure or relapse between the treatment groups. The cure rate was lowest and the relapse rate highest in patients in whom vaginal candidosis had last been diagnosed during the preceding 12 months.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Feces; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Random Allocation; Recurrence; Vagina

Nystatin (100 000 units/day for 14 days) and clotrimazole (100 mg/day for 6 days) were equivalent to miconazole (100 mg/day for 14 days or 100 mg twice daily for 7 days) in curing vaginal candidiasis. However significantly more patients relapsed in the nystatin and clotrimazole groups than in either of the miconazole groups.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Random Allocation; Recurrence

Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Nystatin

The efficacy of miconazole and nystatin in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis was compared in a multicenter trial involving 94 pregnant patients. All patients had subjective complaints and were mycologically positive. Miconazole 2% vaginal cream was applied once daily for at least 10 days by 45 patients, whereas the 49 others received nystatin tablets for intravaginal application during 7 to 9 days. At the first examination following treatment, the cure rate with miconazole was 83% and with nystatin 68%. Follow-up examinations revealed a significantly lower recurrence rate in the miconazole-treated group. No important adverse experiences were noted.

Topics: Adult; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Recurrence

Monistat Cream (miconazole nitrate 2%), a new fungicidal agent indicated for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis, was evaluated in a comparative study with nystatin vaginal tablets (100,-000 units each). A total of 95 pregnant and non-pregnant patients were treated. Miconazole nitrate was administered once daily, at bedtime, for 14 days to 55 pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Overall, 74.5% (41 of 55 patients) were cured with one course of therapy. In contrast, of 40 nystatin-treated patients (both pregnant and non-pregnant) treated twice daily for 15 days, 22 patients (57.8%) were cured with one course of therapy. This difference in cure rates was statistically significant. Side effects were minimal and comparable in the two treatment groups. No recorded instances of birth defects were observed in infants born to mothers in either treatment group. Monistate Cream, in this study, was found to be a safe and effective drug in treating both pregnant and nonpregnant patients with confirmed candidiasis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Ointments; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Remission, Spontaneous; Suppositories

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Exanthema; Female; Humans; Leukorrhea; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pruritus

Two hundred and two patients with symptoms, signs and mycological evidence of Candida vaginitis were entered in a single-blind trial comparing 6-day clotrimazole therapy with a control group receiving 6 days' nystatin therapy. Adequate data was collected on 69 clotrimazole and 72 nystatin treated patients for analysis. Judged by both the severity of symptoms and signs and the number of patients with negative mycological findings, 6-day clotrimazole therapy produced statistically significantly better results than obtained in the control group. When reviewed 4 weeks after starting therapy, 93% of the clotrimazole treated patinets had culturally negative results for Candida compared with 74% of the patients treated with nystatin. It is concluded that 6-day clotrimazole therapy is effective in the treatment of Candida vaginitis.

Topics: Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Pessaries; Vaginal Smears

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Nifuratel; Nitrofurans; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Benzyl Compounds; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptives, Oral; Ethers; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Ointments; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tablets

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin

Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Pregnancy

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Middle Aged; Nystatin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Ointments; Placebos

Topics: Adult; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Muramidase; Nystatin; Suppositories; Trichomonas vaginalis; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Polyamines; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Recurrence; Trityl Compounds

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Mercury; Naphthalenesulfonates; Nystatin; Organometallic Compounds; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Suppositories

Candicidin for treatment of vaginal candidiasis is discussed. Candicidin has not been established as being superior to nystatin for cure or relief of monilial vaginal infections. Since nystatin has been in use for years with only minor adverse affect and since it is less exp ensive than candicidin, it should still be the drug of choice. If 1 or 2 courses of intravaginal and oral nystatin fail to cure (as tested by culture), candicidin is worth trying. Unlike mystatin, candicidin is not available in an oral formulation. Many "Medical Letter" consultants believe that cur of vaginal candidiasis is easier if patients stop taking oral contraceptives when the diagnosis is made.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptives, Oral; Costs and Cost Analysis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Nystatin; Ointments; Penile Diseases; Tablets

Topics: Adult; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consumer Behavior; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Menstruation; Nystatin; Pessaries; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Tablets; Time Factors; Vaginal Smears

Topics: Adult; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraceptives, Oral; Feces; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Oxytetracycline; Statistics as Topic; Vagina

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Middle Aged; Natamycin; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in pregnancy frequently develops into recurrent infections. Clinical study suggests that conventional topical treatments for VVC are not always enough to eradicate Candida spp. from the vaginal microenvironment. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of tea tree oil (TTO) 5% and TTO 10% against Candida species causing VVC in pregnancy.. In vitro experimental study was conducted in the Mycology Laboratory at Dermatovenereology Outpatient Clinic Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Eighteen isolates of Candida species were isolated from the vaginal thrush of 15 pregnant women diagnosed with VVC from March to May 2021. Antifungal susceptibility of TTO 5% and TTO 10% was evaluated by the disc diffusion method, with the inhibitory zone diameter as the main outcome.. The mean inhibitory zone diameter of TTO 5%, TTO 10%, and nystatin against all Candida spp. was 7.26 mm, 8.64 mm, and 25.57 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean inhibitory zone diameter of TTO 5%, TTO 10%, and nystatin tend to be larger in C. albicans compared to the non-albicans, but the difference is not significant. Nystatin displayed the largest mean inhibitory zone diameters compared to TTO 5% and TTO 10% (p < 0.001) in all Candida species. Increased concentration from TTO 5% to TTO 10% resulted in a slight increment in the mean inhibitory zone diameters in all-Candida species (p = 0.001).. Tea Tree Oil displayed antifungal activity against Candida species causing VVC in pregnancy. Further studies are required to investigate optimal TTO concentrations as a VVC treatment in pregnancy.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Tea Tree Oil

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Gentian Violet; Humans; Mice; Nystatin

The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate Nystatin (NYS) loaded transfersomes to achieve better treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Nystatin transferosomes were formulated utilizing thin film hydration method. A 3

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Carriers; Humans; Liposomes; Nystatin; Particle Size; Prospective Studies

The aim: To determine the distribution of Candida spp. within different age groups and contraceptive methods in women with vulvovaginitis, as well as the susceptibility of Candida spp. to commonly used antifungals.. Materials and methods: High vaginal swabs were taken from 98 women aged 18 to 50 with vulvovaginitis who used contraceptives and attended the Women and Children Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah; after diagnosis of Candida species, the sensitivity of Candida spp. to some antifungals was studied.. Results: The results showed (43/98) women (43.87%) used IUD, (15/98) women (15.30%) used birth control pills, (7/98) women (7.14%) used an injection of contraceptive, (5/98) women (5.10%) used contraceptive suppositories, and (28/98) women (28.57%) did not use any contraceptives. Candida spp. was found in (48/83) specimens (57.831%) from women who used contraceptives and only (11/28) specimens (39.285%) from women who did not use contraceptives. Only (59/98) vaginal specimens tested positive for vaginal candidiasis, (28/59) isolates (47.457%) for C. albicans, then (16/59) isolates for C. glabrata (27.118%), (9/59) isolates (15.254%) for C. tropicalis and (6/59) isolates (10.169%) for C. krusei. Nystatin was the best treatment for all Candida spp. under study, and the MIC was 6.25, and the MFC was 50 for all antifungals and Candida species under study.. Conclusions: C. albicans was the most prevalent cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, while C. glabrata was the most common non-albicans species in women aged 26 to 35; using an IUD was associated with an increased infection of vulvovaginal candidiasis, and nystatin was the most effective treatment.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pichia; Suppositories; Vulvovaginitis

The ENNE was prepared by ultrasonic method using EPS as an emulsifier, liquid paraffin oil as an oil phase, PEG400 as a co-emulsifier, and NYS as the loaded drug. ENNE preparation was optimized by response surface method. After optimization, in vitro and in vivo analysis of the anti-CA activity; animal experiments; staining with propidium iodide (PI), periodic acid-schiff (PAS), and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E); and cytokine experiments were performed to investigate the therapeutic ability against VVC.. The optimal formulation and preparation parameters of ENNE were determined as follows: EPS content of 1.5%, PEG400 content of 3.2%, NYS content of 700 μg/mL, paraffin oil content of 5.0%, ultrasonic time of 15 min, and ultrasonic amplitude of 35%. The ENNE showed an encapsulated structure with an average particle size of 131.1 ± 4.32 nm. ENNE exhibited high storage and pH stability, as well as slow release. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ENNE against CA was only 0.125 μg/mL and the inhibition zone was 19.0 ± 0.5 mm, for greatly improved anti-CA effect. The prepared ENNE destroyed the membrane of CA cells, and exhibited good anti-CA effect in vivo and therapeutic ability against VVC.. The results of this study will promote the application of EPS in nanotechnology, which should lead to new and effective local drug formulations for treating VVC.

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cytokines; Emulsifying Agents; Emulsions; Female; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanostructures; Nystatin; Particle Size; Polyethylene Glycols; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Ultrasonics

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects approximately 75% of all women of during their reproductive years. Previously, we reported that recombinant human IFN α-2b (rhIFNα-2b) protects vaginal epithelial cells from candidal injury in vitro. In the current study, we examined the effects of rhIFNα-2b (1.25 mg/mL, 10% inhibition concentration) on fungal clearance, immunocompetent cytokine responses, non-B IgG production, and tissue repair in a rat model of VVC. Following rhIFNα-2b treatment, the negative pathogen conversion rate reached 50.0% (3/6). Although rhIFNα-2b exhibited a limited ability to decrease inflammation and injury progression (P > 0.05), the Flameng mitochondrial injury scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) compared with those of the Model rats. After rhIFNα-2b treatment, the levels of IFN-γ and epithelial-derived IgG (tested by RP215) in vaginal tissues were significantly increased with those in the Control and Model groups (both P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences in the levels of IL-4 and IL-17 (P > 0.05). This is the first study to address the efficacy of rhIFNα-2b in treating VVC in a rat model, providing a theoretical basis for development of this promising treatment for clinical use.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Inflammation; Interferon alpha-2; Interferon Type I; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-4; Nystatin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vagina

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infectious disease of the lower genital tract. Nystatin, a polyene fungicidal antibiotic, is used as a topical antifungal agent for VVC treatment. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible immunomodulatory effects of nystatin on the vaginal mucosal immune response during Candida albicans infection and examine its role in protection of vaginal epithelial cell (VEC) ultrastructure.. Following infection with C. albicans, IFN-γ and IL-17 levels in VECs were significantly elevated, while the presence of IgG was markedly decreased as compared to uninfected controls (P <  0.05). No significant differences in IL4 expression were observed. After treatment with nystatin, the level of IFN-γ, IL-17 and IgG was dramatically increased in comparison to the untreated group (P <  0.05). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that C. albicans invades the vaginal epithelium by both induced endocytosis and active penetration. Nystatin treatment protects the ultrastructure of the vaginal epithelium. Compared with the untreated C. albicans-infected group, Flameng scores which measure mitochondrial damage of VECs were markedly decreased (P <  0.001) and the number of adhesive and invasive C. albicans was significantly reduced (P <  0.01) after treatment with nystatin.. Nystatin plays a protective role in the host defense against C. albicans by up-regulating the IFN-γ-related cellular response, the IL-17 signaling pathway and possibly through enhancing VEC-derived IgG-mediated immunity. Furthermore, nystatin notably improves the ultramorphology of the vaginal mucosa, partially through the protection of mitochondria ultrastructure in VECs and inhibition of adhesion and invasion by C. albicans. Together, these effects enhance the immune response of the vaginal mucosa against C. albicans and protect the ultrastructure of vaginal epithelium in VVC rats.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Cells; Female; Immunologic Factors; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-17; Mitophagy; Nystatin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vagina

The aim of this study was to identify and determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing to clotrimazole, fluconazole, and nystatin of 145 clinical isolates of Candida spp.. M27-A3 microdilution method was used to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and partial MICs (MIC50 and MIC90) of drugs. A total of 145 isolates were studied, 126 were C. albicans, 16 C. glabrata, 2 C. parapsilosis y 1 C. tropicalis.. MIC50 and MIC90 for FLZ against C. albicans were 0.25 mg/L and 1 mg/L respectively and for C. glabrata was achieved at 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L for fluconazole. Five isolates of C. albicans and one isolate of C. tropicalis were in vitro resistant to fluconazole (M27-S4). In C. albicans MIC50 and MIC90 for clotrimazole were of 0.03 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L, respectively. These values for C. glabrata were 0.25 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively. Five C. glabrata and 1 C. tropicalis were in vitro resistant to clotrimazole. MIC50 and MIC90 of nystatin were of 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively for C. albicans and C. glabrata.. In this study, C. albicans is the most frequently isolated yeast, followed by C. glabrata. The antifungals tested were found to be in vitro active for the isolates, except for 6 isolates for fluconazole and 6 to clotrimazole.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin

This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and in vitro susceptibilities of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis isolates from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). We analysed 63 vaginal C. parapsilosis specimens. After the molecular analyses, the isolates were characterised as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (77.8%), C. orthopsilosis (7.9%) and C. metapsilosis (14.3%). The signs and symptoms of VVC caused by C. parapsilosis sensu lato, including itching, erythema and abnormal discharge, were milder than those caused by C. albicans. None of the C. parapsilosis sensu lato isolates were resistant to fluconazole, miconazole or itraconazole. The resistance rates of C. albicans to fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole and clotrimazole were 2.3, 1.5, 3.1 and 0.8%, respectively. Both C. parapsilosis sensu lato and C. albicans were susceptible to nystatin. The mycological eradication rate at follow-up days 7-14 and 30-35 were 77.8% (49/63) and 76.2% (48/63), respectively, when treated with various antifungal agents and regimens. We conclude that C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and the closely related species C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were present in the vaginal samples of VVC patients. The symptoms and signs of VVC caused by C. parapsilosis are milder than those caused by C. albicans. The antifungal susceptibility and therapeutic efficacy in patients colonised by C. parapsilosis sensu lato were similar to those observed in C. albicans-colonised patients.

Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Itraconazole; Miconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycological Typing Techniques; Nystatin; Retrospective Studies

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a common condition that can physically and psychologically impact patients. We compared the efficacy and safety of vaginal nystatin suppositories for 14 days each month versus standard oral fluconazole regimens for the treatment for RVVC. Patients (n = 293) were enrolled in the study from April 2010 to September 2013. After the initial therapy, the mycological cure rates were 78.3% (119/152) and 73.8% (104/141) in the nystatin group and fluconazole group, respectively (95% CI, 0.749-2.197, p > 0.05). The mycological cure rates at the end of maintenance therapy were 80.7% (96/119) and 72.7% (72/99) in the two groups, respectively (95% CI, 0.954-3.293, p > 0.05).The mycological cure rates at the end without treatment for 6 months were 81.25% (78/96) and 82.19% (60/73) in the two groups, respectively (95% CI, 0.427-2.066, p > 0.05). The mycological cure rates of RVVC caused by C. albicans were 84.0% (89/106) and 81.8% (99/121) in the two groups, respectively. The mycological cure rates of RVVC caused by C. glabrata were 64.3% (27/42) and 12.5% (2/16) in the two groups, respectively. The initial and 6-month maintenance therapy were successful in five of the nine patients in the nystatin group with RVVC caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida, whereas in the fluconazole group, initial therapy failed in all patients with RVVC caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida (n = 7). We conclude that both fluconazole and nystatin therapies are effective in treating RVVC. Nystatin may also be effective for the treatment for RVVC caused by C. glabrata or fluconazole-resistant Candida.

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome; Vagina; Vulva; Young Adult

Increasing incidence of resistance to azole antifungals has highlighted the importance of the use of alternative therapeutic agents such as nystatin for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize locally acting, film formulation for the treatment of candidiasis using a derivatized natural polymer. Derivatization of natural polymer was carried out in order to introduce anionic character to an otherwise neutral polymer, so as to enhance its interaction with vaginal mucous membrane along with inheriting the biocompatibility and nonirritant characteristics of its parent polymer. A carboxymethyl derivative of fenugreek gum (CMFG) was prepared, and characterized by DSC, FTIR and X-ray diffraction studies. The derivatized gum was found to possess bioadhesive and film forming properties. A 3(2) factorial design was employed to formulate vaginal films and a response surface methodological approach was used to study the effect of formulation variables on film properties. Films containing 5% w/v polymer and 2% v/v glycerol exhibited optimum properties in vitro. The optimized drug loaded formulation was able to release 100% drug over a period of 5h and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. It was found to be non-irritant and nontoxic to vaginal mucosa and showed appropriate antifungal properties in vivo.

Topics: Adhesiveness; Administration, Intravaginal; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cell Survival; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Stability; Female; HeLa Cells; Humans; Nystatin; Plant Gums; Rats, Wistar; Surface Properties; Trigonella; Vagina; Viscosity

Topical antifungal treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis is widely recommended. The most commonly recommended topical antifungals (the imidazoles clotrimazole, miconazole and econazole and the polyene nystatin) have been on the market for more than 30 years. There are only a few recent data available on the susceptibility of different Candida species to these antifungals, especially of non-albicans Candida species which appear to be less responsive to treatment with imidazoles. The study aimed to determine the in vitro susceptibility profile of a large number of recent clinical isolates of Candida spp. to the most commonly recommended topical antifungals.. An antifungal susceptibility test was performed according to the CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method, and minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole and nystatin.. The clinical isolates comprised of: 113 Candida albicans, 54 Candida glabrata, 11 Candida krusei, 11 Candida tropicalis and 11 Candida parapsilosis. The three azoles agents exhibited MIC90 values of 0.06 mg/L against C. albicans isolates, while nystatin exhibited a MIC90 of 4 mg/L. For non-albicans Candida isolates, MIC90 values ranged from 0.5 to 8 mg/L, from 1 to 4 mg/L and from 0.12 to 4 mg/L, for econazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, respectively. Nystatin MIC90 remained at 4 mg/L for all non-albicans Candida species tested.. These results confirmed the susceptibility of C. albicans to the most frequently used topical agents and may support the use of alternative agents to imidazoles, such as nystatin, to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of treatment with fluconazole and nystatin in Brazilian women with vaginal Candida. In a population of 932 women, vaginal cultures were performed for yeasts, whether or not the women showed signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Yeasts were isolated from 12.2% of the women (114/932): 53.2% of the yeasts were Candida albicans, 27.0% C. glabrata, 13.5% C. tropicalis and 6.3% C. parapsilosis. Treatment was carried out with both drugs. The overall mean cure rates with fluconazole (87.0%) and nystatin (74.0%) were similar; among women with non-albicans, the cure rate with fluconazole was 100%, whereas that with nystatin was 44.4%. The cure rate for women with C. albicans was high with both fluconazole and nystatin; however, for those with non-albicans species the cure rate was excellent with fluconazole and very low with nystatin, differing from the majority of in vitro studies.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Brazil; Candida albicans; Candida glabrata; Candida tropicalis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

To correlate fluconazole and nystatin susceptibility with clinical outcome for complicated vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC), 287 Candida isolates were collected from 283 patients with complicated VVC. In vitro fluconazole and nystatin susceptibility was tested using E-test or commercial agar diffusion method. The patients were treated with fluconazole or nystatin. The fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) rates of Candida species were 0.8% (1/132) and 5.3% (7/132) respectively. The mycological cure rate at days 7-14 and days 30-35 in fluconazole SDD isolates was lower than that in fluconazole-susceptible isolates (42.9% vs. 88.7% and 28.6% vs. 76.6%, P < 0.05). The mycological cure rate at days 7-14 and days 30-35 in VVC caused by Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species was 85.6% (219/256) vs. 88.9% (24/27) and 79.3% (203/256) vs. 81.5% (22/27), P > 0.05. All C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species were susceptible to nystatin in vitro. The mycological cure rate of the patients treated with nystatin at days 7-14 and days 30-35 in VVC was 85.4% (129/151) and 83.4% (126/151) respectively. We conclude that fluconazole resistance was rare and both C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species were susceptible to nystatin in vitro. The decrease in fluconazole susceptibility or a low concentration of fluconazole in the vagina was probably related to fluconazole therapeutic failure.

Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin; Treatment Outcome

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of propolis extract against yeasts Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans isolated from vaginal exudates, in comparison with nystatin.. Ninety-seven (97) vaginal yeasts strains were evaluated. These strains were obtained from different clinical conditions, isolated and stored at the Sector of Medical Mycology of the State University of Maringá (Paraná, Brazil). The assays of susceptibility to nystatin and propolis extracts (PE) were conducted through microdilution in broth (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards-NCCLS, M-27A Document of 1997).. All the yeasts tested were inhibited by low concentrations of PE (maximum of 393.19 mug/mL of the total flavonoid content), including an isolate resistant to nystatin, regardless of the clinical conditions of the women and the species of yeast isolated.. The PE showed an outstanding performance against the tested vaginal yeast strains, and could be included among the novel therapeutic options for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Exudates and Transudates; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin; Propolis

Polygynax is a product commercialized in the form of vaginal capsule, associating bactericidal antibiotics: Neomycin, Polymyxin B and Nystatin--an antifungal agent which is fungicidal and fungistatic in vitro and in vivo.. The objectives of the study were to analyze the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of Polygynax in the treatment of bacterial vaginitis with one or more germs (mixed vaginitis) and Candida infections, and to investigate the correlation between the results of the initial clinical examination and bacteriological studies.. The study covered 88 patients diagnosed with mixed vaginitis during initial screening of vaginal flora (direct Gram stains and standard microbiology laboratory methods for cultivation of vagina/ cervix smears with antibiotic susceptibility testing). The patients were treated with Polygynax, applied in form of vaginal capsules (during 12 days, application before retiring). After at least 30 days following last day of therapy, the same diagnostic swabs were repeated. In this period, averaging 38.4 days, sexual abstinence was recommended.. The results showed that total clearance of present germs was found in 83/88 patients (94.3% of the cases), according to the repeated cervico- vaginal smears.. Polygynax is a treatment of preference against fungal infections, with added advantage of having wide antibacterial spectrum.

Topics: Arsenicals; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Neomycin; Nystatin; Polymyxins; Treatment Outcome; Vaginal Smears; Vaginosis, Bacterial

This study aimed at establishing the link between clinical manifestations, microbiological diagnosis and the therapeutically approach in the treatment of vulvovaginitis candidosa in childhood.. 35 patients aged 1-18 years were studied and divided into two groups. The criteria for establishing the diagnosis included the clinical symptoms, the native microscopic investigations and the microbiological control of the materials taken on the 14th and 30th day before and after treatment by means of a vaginal swab.. Etiologically, vulvovaginitis was diagnosed as candidose in 35.71% and 80.95% for the two groups, respectively, by means of the native microscopic preparation. The mycological investigations confirmed the diagnosis in 23.81% of the cases. Other bacterial findings included enterococci, intestinal bacteria and staphylococci. Positive results of the local and combined therapy were reported in 67% of the cases on the 14th day, and in 65%--on the 30th day.. Vaginal fluorine tends to persist as compared to the remaining symptoms. Vulvovaginitis candidosa most commonly occurs in conjunction with other specific bacteria. Local therapy is recommended in acute infections and the combined therapy is more efficient in chronic conditions. Combined treatment should be administered in at least two 10-day courses because of a tendency to recurrence.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bulgaria; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Child, Preschool; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Infant; Ketoconazole; Nystatin; Treatment Outcome

The rates of Candida species and susceptibility to nystatin were evaluated.. In the period from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 1998 mycological tests have been carried out for identification of yeast species in the group of pregnant and delivering women hospitalized in the Obstetrics-Gynecological Departments of the Municipal Hospital in Bydgoszcz. We used two commercial media: Albicans ID and CHROMagar Candida. Noted have been 389 positive inoculation results for Candida from vaginal secretions.. From the total number of 416 differentiated fungus strains decidedly dominant was the species Candida albicans--constituting 81.97% of all strains. The second frequently occurring fungus species was Candida glabrata--11.06%. Further species were C. krusei--2.16%, C. tropicalis--1.20% and C. guilliermondii--1.20%. In 10 cases (2.41%)--in spite of carrying out the laboratory activities that are necessary in such a situation--the species type of tested strains could not be determined. The simultaneous occurrence of two Candida species has been noted in material originating from 27 women (6.94% of cases). Defining the drug-resistance of 93 Candida species strains against nystatin by means of the disk-diffusion method--it has been started that this drug is highly effective--81.72% of sensitive strains.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Arsenicals; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Neomycin; Nystatin; Polymyxins; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; Vaginosis, Bacterial

The aim of the present study was to examine the therapeutic possibilities of the wide-spectrum medicament Macmiror & Macmiror Complex for the treatment of the vaginal infections.. The study included 52 nonpregnant women among 20 u 54 years (middle age 30.5) with different by kind and intensity colpitis complains. The following microbiological characteristic was established: in 26 cases Candida spp., in 19 Gardnerella vaginalis, in 1 Trichomonas vaginalis and in the rest 6 mixed infection. The treatment of the patients was done in combined scheme: peroral and vaginal administration simultaneously with local treatment of the partner. The control examination was performed bistagely: on 7-10 day and on 30-40 day.. The good clinical and microbiological influence of the treated patients was established for the first control examination the effect was found in 89.5% u 84.2% go of the cases with bacterial vaginosis and in 84.6% u 69.2% in those with mycotic colpitis. Relatively high values were found also at the second control, respectively 83.3% and 72.2% for the amine colpitis and 69.5% and 52.2% for vaginal candidosis. The similar favorable influence received also in the rest of the patients.. Our results do show good possibilities of the nifuratel and nystatin combination (Macmiror & Macmiror complex) to influence vaginitis with different etiology, which give us founding to consider, that the drug is suitable for the mixed forms of vaginal infection.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Middle Aged; Nifuratel; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginosis, Bacterial

To report a case of a possible hypersensitivity reaction induced by metronidazole.. An Asian woman with a history of recurrent vaginitis had previously developed localized erythema while on intravaginal metronidazole and nystatin. While receiving oral metronidazole for treatment of a current bacterial vaginosis, she developed chills, fever, generalized erythema, and a rash within 60 minutes of the first dose. Treatment with diphenhydramine was instituted. The following day while in the hospital, the patient's condition worsened; she experienced shortness of breath and increased edema of the extremities. Methylprednisolone was administered with diphenhydramine and her condition improved over the next 5 days. The patient's vaginitis was treated with gentian violet and she was discharged on a tapering dosage of prednisone.. Metronidazole-induced cutaneous reactions and systemic hypersensitivity reactions are reviewed. Alternatives to metronidazole and other potential cross-reactive drugs are suggested for the treatment of recurrent vaginitis.. Although the patient's initial reaction to metronidazole represented a rare event, written documentation and communication in the patient's native language may have prevented the subsequent severe hypersensitivity reaction.

Topics: Adult; Biological Availability; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Recurrence; Vaginosis, Bacterial

Congenital candida infection is a rare disease, although the incidence of candida vaginitis during pregnancy is high. We report on five cases each showing patterns considered typical for candida infection. The infective agent can cause chorioamnionitis even in the presence of intact fetal membranes. An intrauterine device (IUD) has been proved to be a risk factor for a congenital candida infection. The pathogenetic significance of contamination with candida for the fetus appears to depend largely on gestational age. A premature infant with a birth-weight less than 1500 g presented with bilateral candida endophthalmitis which was cured by intravenous Fluconazole therapy. Another premature infant weighing 800 g at birth developed a systemic candida infection. The other three more mature infants had milder symptoms, two of them presented with cutaneous candidiasis.

Topics: Adult; Amniocentesis; Amphotericin B; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chorioamnionitis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endophthalmitis; Female; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Flucytosine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Nystatin; Pregnancy

CASE REPORT--SUBJECTS--Three cases are described of long-standing vaginal candidosis due to Candida glabrata. These had failed to respond to local and systemic antifungals. In each case the infecting strain appeared resistant to a range of azole drugs in vitro. CLINICAL COURSE--Case one--This patient recovered following prolonged treatment with oral itraconazole in combination with oral and vaginal nystatin. Case two. Yeasts were eradicated from this patient following cyclical treatment with oral dydrogesterone; prolonged vaginal treatment with nystatin may have helped. Case three. This patient did not respond to a prolonged course of oral itraconazole in combination with vaginal and oral nystatin, oral medroxyprogesterone or intravaginal boric acid. Eradication of C glabrata was finally achieved by local application of 1% gentian violet. Shortly after eradication of the C glabrata infection, both Case two and Case three developed infections with other Candida species responsive to azole antifungals.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Econazole; Female; Fluconazole; Gentian Violet; Humans; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin

Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Miconazole; Nystatin

The activity of the broad-spectrum triazole antifungal terconazole was evaluated in vitro by the serial decimal dilution technique in broth media. The best correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity was found in brain-heart infusion broth and Eagle's minimum essential medium. All strains of Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. glabrata, and Trichosporon beigelii tested were susceptible. Terconazole blocked the morphogenetic transformation from the yeast into the filamentous form at concentrations of 0.008 to 0.05 microgram/ml. In experimental candidiasis in castrated rats with estrogen-induced permanent pseudoestrus, topical treatment with terconazole was superior to miconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, butoconazole, tioconazole, sulconazole, bifonazole, valconazole, fenticonazole, nystatin, and amphotericin B in the various schedules used. A 3-day once-daily intravaginal application of terconazole 0.8% was usually sufficient to provide a functional therapeutic period of 7 days because of prolonged high biologically active antifungal levels in the vagina. No side effects were observed at any concentration of terconazole.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Amphotericin B; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Econazole; Female; Miconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Triazoles

Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Vulvovaginal mycoses could be detected by cultural methods in 16 per cent from 1,657 non selected women between their 28th to 30th gestational week. Mostly candida albicans was isolated. We propose routine screening and specific therapy preventing neonatal infections and hospitalism in obstetric and neonatal wards.

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors; Vagina

The antifungal treatment of recurrent vulvo-vaginal candidosis is described. Factors which predispose to the condition are discussed and details of their investigation and management mentioned. The problem of reinfection, both from a sexual contact and from the bowel is reviewed, and the general features of management considered.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Boric Acids; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chronic Disease; Clotrimazole; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabetes Complications; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Miconazole; Nystatin; Patient Compliance; Rectum; Sexual Behavior; Suppositories; Thyroid Function Tests; Vagina

Genital candidosis is extremely common and its incidence appears to be rising. The epidemiology, clinical features, predisposing factors and treatment of the condition are reviewed.

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Coitus; Diabetes Complications; England; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Ketoconazole; Male; Nystatin; Penis; Time Factors; Vagina; Vaginitis; Vulvitis

Vaginitis is one of the most common complaints of women in the United States today. About 90% of patients with this problem suffer from infection of the vagina caused by Candida, Gardnerella, or Trichomonas. The diagnosis and effective treatment of these common infections depend on accurate identification of the entity, effective specific therapy, and restoration of the normal ecosystem of the vagina. At the same time women should be made aware that not all discharge means infection and that any attempts at self-treatment may only worsen their condition. Proper hygiene habits, dietary control, and management of stress are all helpful factors in the control of recurrent vaginal infections.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Lactams; Male; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Recurrence; Sexual Behavior; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginal Smears; Vaginitis

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nifuratel; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Uterine Cervicitis; Vaginitis

Topics: Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Miconazole; Nystatin

Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nifuratel; Nitrofurans; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Uterine Cervicitis; Vaginitis

Topics: Boric Acids; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Powders

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin

A study carried out to compare the efficacy of econazole nitrate and nystatin in the treatment of vaginal candidosis showed that a three-day course of econazole nitrate pessaries was as effective as a 14-day course of nystatin pessaries and is more acceptable to patients.

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Econazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Patient Compliance

A double-blind comparison was made of the use of 14 daily intravaginal gelatin capsules containing 600 mg of boric acid powder versus the use of identical capsules containing 100,000 U nystatin diluted to volume with cornstarch for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis albicans. Cure rates for boric acid were 92% at 7 to 10 days after treatment and 72% at 30 days, whereas the nystatin cure rates were 64% at 7 to 10 days and 50% at 30 days. The speed of alleviation of signs and symptoms was similar for the two drugs. There were no untoward side effects, and cervical cytologic features were not affected. In vitro studies found boric acid to be fungistatic and its effectiveness to be unrelated to pH. Blood boron analyses indicated little absorption from the vagina and a half-life of less than 12 hours. Acceptance by the patients was better than for "messy" vaginal creams, and self-made capsules containing boric acid powder are inexpensive (31 cents for fourteen) compared with the costly medication commonly prescribed.

Topics: Adult; Boric Acids; Boron; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Capsules; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Powders; Random Allocation; Suppositories

Nystatin G has proved to be an excellent antimycotic in suppository form, its concentration of active principle being 200,000 I.U. Mycoses were brought under complete control in 88 per cent of 75 patients by one single cycle of treatment, during which one suppository was inserted daily over ten consecutive days. Primary therapy failed in twelve per cent. Most of those patients had been using hormonal contraceptives over many years or were pregnant. Full therapeutic effect, basically, depends on successful treatment of the rectum on treatment of the partner.

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Mycoses; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vaginal Diseases

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Miconazole; Nystatin; Recurrence; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Sulfamethazine; Suppositories

The authors isolated 135 yeasts from patients who had undergone repeated treatment for mycoses. Analyses were made to determine resistance to Nystatin and Clotrimazol. Secondary resistance was exhibited by Candida species, but their pathogenicity still is controversial.

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Nystatin

Relatively simple and rapid procedures have been developed for evaluating the local efficacy of vaginal antifungal agents in vivo in a vaginal candidiasis model in ovariectomized rats. The results of this investigation indicate that the model and methods described are quite suitable for screening potential antifungal substances and for assessing the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of new antifungal agents and formulations before carrying out clinical studies.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Miconazole; Nystatin; Rats; Vagina

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacteria; Candida; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Mycoses; Nystatin; Vagina; Vaginitis

The current approach to the management of trichomoniasis and candidosis in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in England and Wales is described. Microscopy alone was used in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in 44% of clinics and of candidosis in 35% of clinics. Oral metronidazole was used for the treatment of trichomoniasis in women in 92% of clinics. Vaginal pessaries containing nystatin or clotrimazole were routinely used to treat candidosis in 95% of clinics. Male sexual contacts of female patients with candidosis and trichomoniasis were invited to attend for examination in 88% of clinics. Physicians in 81% of clinics prescribed treatment on epidemiological grounds for male contacts of female patients with trichomoniasis. A more uniform approach to the diagnostic categories used for the quarterly returns for cases treated epidemiologically is recommended.

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Male; Medical Records; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis

The authors present a review of the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis in the child. Their studies on the favoring factors in cutaneous forms as well as their experiences in pulmonary forms are emphasized.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Clotrimazole; Complement C5; Female; Flucytosine; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Miconazole; Nystatin

The preparation and antifungal properties of 1-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenylthio)-n-butyl]-1H-imidazole nitrate 1 are described. It is particularly effective against in vivo Candida albicans infections (mice), maintaining good activity down to 0.25% formulation strength and showing unusually low reinfection rates after treatment is ended.

Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chlorobenzenes; Female; Imidazoles; Lethal Dose 50; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microsporum; Mutagens; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salmonella typhimurium; Trichophyton

Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Nystatin; Suppositories

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Digestive System; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Injections, Intravenous; Nystatin; Recurrence

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pessaries

Three newborn infants are described in whom a generalized maculopapular rash was observed at birth or soon after. The eruption rapidly became vesicular, and in one infant it became bullous, and was followed in each case by extensive desquamation. Candida albicans was demonstrated on direct smear and on culture from the skin vesicles, and evidence of an intrauterine infection with this organism was detected on histologic examination of the placenta in at least two of the cases. Agglutinating antibodies to Candida were present in the sera of all three infants, though these may have reflected transplacental passage of maternal antibody.

Topics: Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nystatin; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Therapeutic failure in vaginitis can be minimized if all cases are properly diagnosed and specific therapy is given. Use of wet mounts combined with liberal use of cultures, especially for Corynebacterium vaginale, should result in an accurate diagnosis in over 90% of cases. Treatment of choice for candidiasis is nystatin or miconazole nitrate applied topically. For trichomoniasis, metronidazole should be given orally to both sexual partners. Ampicillin, cephalexin, or cephradine are recommended for C vaginale infection.

Topics: Ampicillin; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Contraception; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Miconazole; Mycoses; Nystatin; Sexual Behavior; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis

A carefully controlled comparative study showed miconazole nitrate 2% vaginal cream (Monistat) to be a highly effective agent in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis in pregnant subjects. Miconazole nitrate was significantly more effective than nystatin (Mycostatin) in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis in all three trimesters of pregnancy, and also more effective regardless of whether the candidal infection was primary or recurrent. Observations relating to the safety of this therapy during pregnancy were made and discussed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Fetus; Humans; Imidazoles; Infant, Newborn; Male; Miconazole; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Recurrence

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Nystatin

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pessaries

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Trimester, Third

A positive microbiological evidence could be obtained 54 times from the smear of the exterior genitals of 80 women suffering from complaints that were caused by urethritis, criteria of the examinations being sterile catheter specimen, negative cystoscopical findings, and missing indications to anatomical changes in the urethral region. Cytological examinations of these cases with regard to the vaginal epithelium had the following results:Group I:6 times; group II: 37 times; group IIW:8 times; group IIId: once; group IVa:twice. The cytological tests were carried out according to the method of papanicolaou as modified by Soost. Furthermore, we could state the following degrees of purity: Degree I: 8 times; degree II:16 times; degree III: 30 times. The cytological examinations of the urethral epithelium demonstrated, in 52 cases, an increased appearance of "nude" completely exposed epithelial cell nuclei--a fact corresponding to a degenerative autolysis (according to Wied). In the 26 women with missing atypical germ flora within the region of the exterior genitals, exclusively groups I (according to Papanicolaou and Soost) and degrees of purity I were stated. These persons also demonstrated remarkably grave psychical disturbances, especially in the intimate regions. In the cases of positive microbiological evidence, the following measures have proved satisfactory: Vaginal hygienization combined with a directly aimed antibacterial therapy, and the prescription of preparations containing lactic acid. A transitory discontinuation of contraceptives is being discussed. Our examination results are emphasizing the necessity of an analysis of the germ flora in cases of complaints arising from urethritis. Also psychical disturbances must be taken into consideration in cases of missing urological and gynaecological criteria of evidence.

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cervix Uteri; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma Infections; Nystatin; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Tetracycline; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Urethra; Urethritis; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Male; Nystatin

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Patient Compliance

Topics: Adult; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pessaries; Pregnancy

This paper describes sixteen cases of Candida infection of the genital tract in Thoroughbred mares. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions of the disease are described and the results of treatment with Lugol's solution and Nystatin are given.

Topics: Animals; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases; Horses; Iodine; Nystatin; Solutions

21 of 41 patients developed clinically manifest or systemic Candida albicans infection 1-36 months after renal transplantation. Asymptomatic candiduria was diagnosed in all patients even before the onset of clinical symptoms. Fungal stomatitis was the most frequent clinical sign, followed by mycotic changes in the respiratory, genito-urinary (vaginitis) and gastro-intestinal tract. In five cases intrahepatic biliary stasis was diagnosed in the course of a Candida albicans septicaemia. In 12 patients with renal transplants it was possible, by treatment with nystatin, clotrimazole, flucytosine, miconazole and amphotericine B to control a generalized or clinically manifest Candida albicans infection. Three died of the septicaemia or meningoencephalitis, six as the result of bacterial superinfections. Inspection of the mouth is an important means of early diagnosing fungal infections. Antimycotic treatment should be started if fungal cultures from urine are repeatedly positive even if the clinical findings are still negative.

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Cholestasis; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Meningoencephalitis; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Postoperative Complications; Sepsis; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Italy; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Thiazoles; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Nystatin; Ointments; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nystatin

Topics: Adolescent; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Corynebacterium Infections; Female; Gonorrhea; Haemophilus Infections; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma Infections; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Tuberculosis, Urogenital; Vagina; Vaginitis

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Natamycin; Nystatin; Recurrence; Vagina

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Balanitis; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Coloring Agents; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabetes Complications; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nails; Nystatin; Paronychia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Saccharomyces

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Vaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nitrofurans; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Tablets

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Tablets; Vaginal Smears

Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chlortetracycline; Dermatitis; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Tetracycline

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy

A guest faculty discussed the management of patients with vaginal infections. It was agreed that correct diagnosis is necessary before therapy. Diagnosis can be accomplished by a microscopic examination in 90% of the cases. The cytologic smear is also very important. Specific culture media may be useful for troublesome cases, for instance, blood agar fo Haemophilus vaginalis, Trichocel medium for Trichiomonas vaginalis, Neckerson's medium for candidal species and Thayer-Martin for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Patient history is important since some infections tend to occur in certain patients such as candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus, patients who are pregnant or are taking broad spectrum antibiotics, estrogen or contraceptive pills. The pH of vaginal secretions may also be helpful in making the diagnosis. It was suggested that the term "nonspecific" vaginitis is a misnomer and is used to conceal ignorance. Others felt that such agents as soap, vaginal deodorant spray, and clothing may be causatives. The term "psychogenic leukorrhea" was discussed with varying conclusions. Routine treatment for each form of vaginitis was outlines and treatment for recurrent, persistent trichomoniasis and moniliasis was given. It was agreed that douching will not cure vaginitis but may be useful in removing excessive secretion. It is not recommended for routine hygeine but is acceptable following menstruation or intercourse.

Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Chronic Disease; Clioquinol; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Female; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Leukorrhea; Metronidazole; Nitrofurazone; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Sulfates; Therapeutic Irrigation; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vagina; Vaginal Smears; Vaginitis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Contraceptive Agents; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Natamycin; Nystatin; Pregnancy

Topics: Adult; Aged; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Natamycin; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Metronidazole; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Nigeria; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Tetracycline; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Oxytetracycline; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Drug Tolerance; Female; Gonorrhea; Homosexuality; Humans; Male; Nystatin; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillins; Probenecid; Proctitis; Sex Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Syphilis; Syphilis Serodiagnosis; Urethritis

Topics: Adult; Alcohols; Behcet Syndrome; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Colposcopy; Condylomata Acuminata; Cryosurgery; Female; Fluorouracil; Genital Diseases, Female; Herpes Labialis; Humans; Lichen Planus; Menstruation Disturbances; Neurodermatitis; Nystatin; Podophyllin; Progestins; Testosterone; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginal Smears; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Adult; Balanitis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Dosage Forms; Female; Humans; Male; Nystatin

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Leukorrhea; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Balanitis; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Male; Natamycin; Nystatin; Ointments; Paronychia; Powders; Quinolines; Suspensions

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Muramidase; Nystatin; Suppositories; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Child, Preschool; Contraceptives, Oral; Culture Media; Female; Humans; Infant; Intrauterine Devices; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Parity; Vagina

Topics: Adult; Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nystatin; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Leukorrhea; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chronic Disease; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Nystatin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pessaries; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genitalia, Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Yeasts

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Actinomycosis; Adult; Amphotericin B; Aspergillosis; Blastomycosis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Cryptococcosis; Dermatomycoses; Female; Griseofulvin; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Mycetoma; Mycoses; Nails; Nocardia Infections; Nystatin; Skin Diseases; Sporotrichosis; Stilbamidines; Thallium; Tinea Pedis

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amphotericin B; Anesthetics, Local; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Gentian Violet; Humans; Lactobacillus; Male; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Pruritus Ani; Pruritus Vulvae; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Nystatin; Pessaries; Urethritis; Vaginal Smears

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin

Topics: Balanitis; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Dermatitis; Diabetes Complications; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Topics: Adolescent; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Therapy; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Uterine Cervicitis; Vaginitis; Varicose Veins; Vulvar Neoplasms; Vulvitis; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Cross Infection; Female; History; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Adolescent; Candida; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Therapy; Female; Fungicides, Industrial; Humans; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Preventive Medicine; Statistics as Topic; Trichomonas Infections; Trichomonas Vaginitis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antidepressive Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Therapy; Mental Disorders; Nystatin; Oral Manifestations; Toxicology; Tranquilizing Agents; Xerostomia

Topics: Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Anthelmintics; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Female; Humans; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Nystatin; Oxyuriasis; Penicillins; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Virus Diseases; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Iodides; Nystatin; Silver Nitrate; Vitamins; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Amphotericin B; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Candidiasis, Oral; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nystatin

Topics: Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Organic Chemicals; Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Intraabdominal Infections; Nystatin; Vaginitis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Intraabdominal Infections; Nystatin; Vaginitis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Intraabdominal Infections; Nystatin; Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nystatin; Vaginitis; Vulvitis; Vulvovaginitis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Disease; Female; Humans; Intestines; Nystatin; Vagina; Vaginal Diseases