nystatin-a1 and Bacterial-Infections

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clotrimazole; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Miconazole; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis

Several prospectively randomized trials have shown that the administration of prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics may be beneficial in decreasing the incidence of infection in granulocytopenic patients, whereas others have not. Intolerable nausea and vomiting have prevented the prolonged use of these agents in some studies. Discontinuation of therapy while patients are still granulocytopenic has carried the risk of life-threatening infections, often with aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative organisms. The benefit of selective decontamination with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole used prophylactically remains controversial. The use of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may also be associated with the development of resistant, potentially pathogenic, organisms or prolonged neutropenia. These regimens do not appear to be indicated when patients are anticipated to be neutropenic for less than three weeks. Even in patients with prolonged neutropenia, the risks of such treatment must be weighed against potential benefits.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agranulocytosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colistin; Drug Combinations; Environment, Controlled; Gentamicins; Humans; Leukemia; Neoplasms; Nystatin; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vancomycin

Infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children receiving anticancer therapy. Children who have severe neutropenia (neutrophil count less than 100/mm3) for longer than 2 weeks should receive oral antibiotic prophylaxis. At present, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in combination with either nystatin or amphotericin B is the best regimen for reducing the incidence of serious infections. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole is very effective in the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. Clinicans will have to balance the advantages and disadvantages of prophylaxis in patients who are at risk for P. carinii pneumonitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Child; Compliance; Drug Combinations; Humans; Leukemia; Neoplasms; Neutropenia; Nystatin; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Nonabsorbable antibiotics for selective bowel decontamination (SBD) sometimes are administered to liver transplant patients to prevent postoperative infections, but the efficacy of SBD is not known. Accordingly, we prospectively studied 69 patients randomly assigned to receive conventional prophylaxis with systemic antibiotics (control patients) or conventional prophylaxis plus oral nonabsorbable antibiotics for SBD (SBD patients). Overall rates of bacterial and/or yeast infections were nearly equal among control patients (42%) and SBD patients (39%). However, the infection rate at SBD key sites (abdomen, bloodstream, surgical wound, and lungs) was lower among patients who received the SBD regimen > or = 3 days before transplantation (23%) than among control patients (36%). Administration of the SBD regimen was complicated by gastrointestinal intolerance and noncompliance but not by increased stool colonization with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Practical problems associated with administering an SBD regimen to patients awaiting cadaver liver transplants limit the regimen's usefulness, but we found a trend toward reduced key site infection when the regimen was given > or = 3 days before transplantation.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Colistin; Drug Administration Schedule; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Feces; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Intestines; Liver Transplantation; Male; Mycoses; Nystatin; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome

To investigate whether selective intestinal decontamination from oral administration of poorly absorbable antibiotics is effective in preventing bacterial infection in patients with acute liver failure, the incidence of nosocomial infection in 34 patients consecutively admitted to hospital between 1985-1990 and treated with either neomycin + colistin + nystatin or norfloxacin + nystatin (group I) was compared to the incidence of infection in 57 patients who did not receive oral, poorly absorbable antibiotics and who were consecutively admitted between 1972-1984 (group II). Patients from groups I and II had similar clinical and laboratory data at hospital admission. Twelve patients from group I and 33 from group II developed bacterial infection during the study period. The probability of infection was significantly different (p = 0.0083) in the two groups: 19% vs. 39% at the 3rd day of admission, 33% vs. 74% at the 7th day, and 48% vs. 78% at the 14th day, respectively. This difference was due to a different rate of infection from enterobacteria. Enterobacteria caused one infectious episode in group I and 24 in group II (p less than 0.001). The incidence of infections caused by other organisms, however, was similar in both groups (15 and 19 episodes, respectively). These results suggest that selective intestinal decontamination is useful in reducing the risk of infection from enterobacteria in patients with acute liver failure.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Colistin; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Diseases; Male; Neomycin; Norfloxacin; Nystatin; Pregnancy

Seventy-three patients mainly receiving consolidation therapy for acute leukemia or autologous bone marrow transplantation were studied in a randomized trial comparing nystatin with norfloxacin (800 mg) given orally QID, for prevention of infection. Both groups were equally distributed in regard to age, disease, and duration of granulocytopenia, although far more patients entered the laminar air flow room in the norfloxacin group. Duration of more than a 39 degrees C fever was much longer in the nystatin group than in the norfloxacin group: Bacteremia, microbiologically documented infections, and fever of unknown origin were more frequently seen in the nystatin group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. On the other hand, patients without fever during granulocytopenia were more numerous in the norfloxacin group than in the nystatin group (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, three deaths during granulocytopenia occurred in the nystatin group. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of norfloxacin during granulocytopenia showed a significant afebrile period.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Norfloxacin; Nystatin; Postoperative Care

115 women, distributed in 20 centres, were included in a randomized study designed to assess the efficacy of Polygynax in preventing vaginal infections in women at risk, at the start of pregnancy. Polygynax proved to be markedly effective since only 9.6% of the patients in the Polygynax group had a vaginal infection, in contrast to 42.6% of the patients in the control group. This result is highly significant (p less than 0.0001) and confirms the advantage attached to the use of Polygynax when a first line treatment involving the use of several drugs in combination is indicated.

Topics: Adult; Arsenicals; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Neomycin; Nystatin; Polymyxins; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Random Allocation; Uterine Cervical Diseases; Vaginal Diseases

Pipemidic acid (PPA) and colistin sodium methanesulfonate (CLM) may selectively suppress aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Twenty-nine patients with acute leukemia were randomized after each course of consolidation chemotherapy to receive a single agent of nystatin (NYS) (34 courses) versus a combination of NYS, PPA and CLM (36 courses). The duration of fever over 39 degrees C was longer with the three drug combination (4.6 +/- 5.1 days) than with NYS alone (1.8 +/- 1.8 days) (P less than 0.01). Four cases of pneumonia occurred and four patients including one having pneumonia died of infection with the three drug combination, while no pneumonia or death occurred with NYS alone (P = 0.06 and P = 0.06, respectively). The combination of NYS, PPA and CLM may be less effective than NYS alone for the prevention of infection in acute leukemia patients with chemotherapy-associated granulocytopenia.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Agranulocytosis; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bacterial Infections; Colistin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Leukemia; Middle Aged; Nicotinic Acids; Nystatin; Pipemidic Acid; Pneumonia; Random Allocation

The clinical and microbiologic efficacy of trimethoprim alone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for infection prevention was evaluated in 75 patients during 92 episodes of granulocytopenia. Ultimately, 60 patients were evaluable during 77 episodes of granulocytopenia, 36 episodes in the trimethoprim group and 41 episodes in the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole group. The incidence of infection was higher in the trimethoprim group (50 percent) than in the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole group (39 percent), but this did not reach statistical significance. Trimethoprim did not appear to be as protective as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole when the granulocyte count was less than 100/mm3. In patients receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, aerobic gram-negative bacilli cleared from fecal surveillance cultures more often and new aerobic gram-negative bacilli were acquired less often than in those receiving trimethoprim alone (p less than 0.05). More myelosuppression was observed among patients receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p less than 0.001). These observations suggest that trimethoprim alone may not be optimal for preventing colonization and infection in granulocytopenic patients and that combination with other agents may be necessary to increase the spectrum of activity. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole itself may predispose toward an increased risk of infection by prolonging myelosuppression.

Topics: Adult; Agranulocytosis; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Mycoses; Nystatin; Premedication; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Several prospectively randomized trials have shown that the administration of prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics may be beneficial in decreasing the incidence of infection in granulocytopenic patients, whereas others have not. Intolerable nausea and vomiting have prevented the prolonged use of these agents in some studies. Discontinuation of therapy while patients are still granulocytopenic has carried the risk of life-threatening infections, often with aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative organisms. The benefit of selective decontamination with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole used prophylactically remains controversial. The use of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole may also be associated with the development of resistant, potentially pathogenic, organisms or prolonged neutropenia. These regimens do not appear to be indicated when patients are anticipated to be neutropenic for less than three weeks. Even in patients with prolonged neutropenia, the risks of such treatment must be weighed against potential benefits.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agranulocytosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colistin; Drug Combinations; Environment, Controlled; Gentamicins; Humans; Leukemia; Neoplasms; Nystatin; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vancomycin

It is well known that patients with granulocytopenia due either to bone marrow failure, acute leukemia or its treatment, or as a result of other intensive chemotherapy are at enhanced risk of serious infection. Several approaches have been designed to minimize the risk of infection in these patients by means of suppression of gastrointestinal flora. A retrospective review of infection in febrile neutropenic patients revealed a significant decrease in bacteremia in patients who had received some oral antimicrobial regimen compared with those who did not. In one large series, infection due to the four most common infecting organisms in neutropenic patients (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species) occurred in 28% of 380 patients receiving some oral antibiotic regimen compared with 44% of 426 receiving no oral prophylaxis. Aminoglycosides alone or in combination with vancomycin or polymyxin and bacitracin and other agents have been utilized in gut decontaminating regimens. More recently, selective decontamination with a variety of oral agents including nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, colistin, etc. have been shown to be effective in some trials. Although cotrimoxazole initially was thought to be beneficial in reducing infection and bacteremia in neutropenic patients, the recently completed EORTC trial did not show a significant difference in incidence of infection or bacteremia in acute leukemia patients attendant upon the use of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. There was a significant reduction in infections and bacteremia in patients with malignancies other than acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Thus, there is a need for infection prevention in neutropenic patients but the optimal method for achieving this goal remains to be determined.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Agranulocytosis; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Humans; Neutropenia; Nystatin; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vancomycin

Sixty-two profoundly granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia undergoing induction chemotherapy were prospectively randomized to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin or nalidixic acid plus nystatin for prevention of infection. Patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin during initial remission induction experienced an increased duration (22.6 vs. 13.6 days) of profound granulocytopenia (less than 100 granulocytes/mm3; P = 0.007). Acquisition of gram-negative bacilli was more frequent among patients treated with nalidixic acid plus nystatin while filamentous fungi were acquired more frequently by patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin (P = 0.05). The median duration of on-study time prior to documentation of first infection was longer for patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin (17 days) than for those receiving nalidixic acid plus nystatin (eight days) (P = 0.0002). Three infection-related deaths occurred among patients receiving nalidixic acid; seven occurred among patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, five of which were secondary to pneumonia due to Aspergillus flavus. Both of these methods of selective antimicrobial modulation have apparent advantages, but each has disadvantages serious enough to limit their routine use.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Bacterial Infections; Child; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nalidixic Acid; Nystatin; Patient Compliance; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Sulfamethizole; Sulfathiazoles; Trimethoprim

A randomized study of intestinal decontamination was undertaken in 68 children with leukemia and solid tumours. Framycetin, colymycin, nystatin, and metronidazole were given in 35 neutropenic episodes in 33 children, while co-trimoxazole and lactobacilli preparation were administered in 35 episodes in 35 children. The diseases, severity of neutropenia, and incidence of infection at entry into study were comparable in the two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of infections developing during the phase of neutropenia. The median and range of time required to recover from neutropenia were also not different. Co-trimoxazole and lactobacilli were significantly better tolerated, there being no nausea and vomiting, no refusal to take medication, no dose reduction or change to an alternative regimen. We conclude that co-trimoxazole and lactobacilli preparation improve quality of life during a neutropenic episode and have the additional advantage of being relatively inexpensive.

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biological Products; Child; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Drug Combinations; Framycetin; Humans; Lactobacillus; Neoplasms; Neutropenia; Nystatin; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Nystatin; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim

Fifty-eight patients with malignant lymphoma were randomly allocated to receive three courses of chemotherapy to induce remission with CHOP-Bleo on the protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic (PEPA) program (30 patients) or as controls (28 patients). The complete remission rate for all patients was 74 per cent, for patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma 78 per cent and for patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma 65 per cent. There were no significant differences in response rates and duration of responses between those on the PEPA program and control patients. The frequency of infection was significantly lower among the patients on the PEPA program, and dosage escalation of the chemotherapeutic agents was accomplished more often among these patients. Dosage escalation did not increase the complete remission rate, but it did reduce the relapse rate and signficantly reduced the fatality rate. The duration of remission and survival was significantly longer for those patients who received dosage escalation.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bleomycin; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Patient Isolation; Prednisone; Vancomycin; Vincristine

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gentamicins; Humans; Intestines; Leukemia; Nystatin; Tobramycin; Vancomycin

113 patients being treated for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia were investigated to determine the effect of suppression of body microbial flora on prevention of infection. They were randomly allocated to a control group or a group which received non-absorbed antibiotics by mouth and topical applications of cutaneous and mucosal antiseptic preparations. The group receiving oral non-absorbed antibiotics had significantly few infections, fewer deaths from infection, fewer pyrexial episodes, and consequently received less systemic antibiotic therapy than the controls.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides Infections; Chlorhexidine; Colistin; Drug Combinations; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Framycetin; Humans; Leukemia; Nystatin; Remission, Spontaneous; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections

Reverse isolation and prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics were evaluated among 64 consecutive noninfected adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia admitted for remission induction. Patients were randomly allocated to laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral nonabsorbable antibiotics (LAF plus A), routine hospital ward care with antibiotics (W plus A), or ward care alone (W). The LAF plus A patients had a significantly decreased incidence of total infection, bacteremias, pneumonias, rectal abscesses, urinary tract infection, and pharyngitis. Infectious deaths were reduced in the LAF plus A group and the time to the first infection or to fatal infection was delayed. The W plus A patients who regularly ingested the antibiotics had a reduction in infections similar to that of the LAF plus A patients but those who could not tolerate the antibiotics had an incidence of infection comparable to the ward patients. The LAF plus A and the W plus A patients also had higher complete remission rates and longer median survival than the unprotected ward patients.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Air Conditioning; Air Microbiology; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cross Infection; Environment, Controlled; Female; Gentamicins; Hospital Units; Humans; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Patient Isolators; Remission, Spontaneous; Urinary Tract Infections; Vancomycin; Ventilation; Virus Diseases

A series of novel morpholinoquinoline based conjugates with pyrazoline moiety were synthesized under microwave irradiation. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their preliminary in vitro antibacterial activity against a panel of pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi, antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Most of them exhibited significant antibacterial activity as compared to the first line drugs. Compounds 6a and 9d were found to possess excellent antibacterial activity potency as compared to ampicillin (286 μM), chloramphenicol (154 μM) and ciprofloxacin (150 μM). In antifungal screening, against Candida albicans, compounds 6c, 7c, 8a, 8b, 8c and 9b showed significant activity as compared to griseofulvin (1147 μM). Compounds 8b, 6b, 9d, 6a, 9b, 7b and 8a displayed brilliant activity against P. falciparum strain as compared to chloroquine (IC50 0.062 μM) as well as quinine (IC50 0.826 μM). Compounds 6d, 7b, 8b, 9c and 9d exhibited superior antitubercular activity. Among them 8b was found to be equipotent to rifampicin with 95% inhibition. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was tested using bioassay of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells at cellular level.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antimalarials; Antitubercular Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Fungi; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycoses; Plasmodium falciparum; Pyrazoles; Quinolines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tuberculosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with limited response to currently available therapies. Alveolar type II (ATII) cells act as progenitor cells in the adult lung, contributing to alveolar repair during pulmonary injury. However, in IPF, ATII cells die and are replaced by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. In previous preclinical studies, we demonstrated that ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation was able to reduce pulmonary fibrosis. The main objective of this study was to investigate the safety and tolerability of ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation in patients with IPF.. We enrolled 16 patients with moderate and progressive IPF who underwent ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation through fiberoptic bronchoscopy. We evaluated the safety and tolerability of ATII-cell transplantation by assessing the emergent adverse side effects that appeared within 12 months. Moreover, pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and disease extent during 12 months of follow-up were evaluated.. No significant adverse events were associated with the ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation. After 12 months of follow-up, there was no deterioration in pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, or disease extent.. Our results support the hypothesis that ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation is safe and well tolerated in patients with IPF. This study opens the door to designing a clinical trial to elucidate the potential beneficial effects of ATII-cell therapy in IPF.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Alveolar Epithelial Cells; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bronchoscopy; Cell Transplantation; Disease Progression; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Ganciclovir; Graft Rejection; Humans; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leucovorin; Male; Middle Aged; Mycophenolic Acid; Mycoses; Nystatin; Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; Tacrolimus; Trachea; Treatment Outcome; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Valganciclovir; Virus Diseases; Vital Capacity; Walk Test

We report in this work an environmentally benign zinc mediated synthesis of aryl and benzyl phosphorochalcogenoates in ethanol within a short reaction time. In vitro antimicrobial study along with statistical analysis and seed germination assay were performed. These chalcogenophosphates possess strong antimicrobial activity against the reference strains. The antibacterial activity was determined against four standard strains (Bacilus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antifungal activity was evaluated against one fungal strain Candida albicans.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chalcogens; Green Chemistry Technology; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phosphates

A new series of fluorinated pyrazoles, 4a-e, were synthesized in good to excellent overall yields (65-82%) from the corresponding chalcones, 3a-e, by ultrasonic irradiation. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized and screened for their in vitro anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-tubercular activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Fungi; Green Chemistry Technology; Halogenation; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycoses; Pyrazoles; Tuberculosis

To determine clinical variables to distinguish invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) from colonization in patients with chronic pneumopathies with positive culture of Aspergillus spp. in respiratory samples.. Retrospective cohort study including patients with respiratory isolations of Aspergillus spp. during a period of 10 years. IPA was evaluated according to the Bulpa criteria. Clinical variables were collected and a multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out.. Eighty-three patients with isolation of Aspergillus spp. from respiratory samples were included; 68.7% (n=57) of the patients had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 18% (n=15) pulmonary fibrosis and 13.3% (n=11) bronchial asthma. Twenty-two patients (26.6%) had IPA. The use of fluconazole (OR 4.49; CI 95% 1.5-13.4; P=.007), severe respiratory failure (OR 4.64; CI 95% 1.46-14.72; P=.009) and hospitalization time (OR 1.05; CI 95% 1.01-1.1; P=.006) were associated with IPA.. Prior use of fluconazole, severe respiratory failure and hospitalization time are associated with IPA in patients with chronic pneumopathies with respiratory isolation of Aspergillus spp.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Asthma; Bacterial Infections; Carrier State; Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Cross Infection; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Fluconazole; Hospitals, University; Humans; Incidence; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Length of Stay; Lung; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Respiratory Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Spain

1,4-Naphthoquinones are unique reagents in organic synthesis and have been employed in several well known and recently developed areas of application. Furthermore, these 1,4-naphthoquinones have demonstrated high reactivity in nucleophilic vinylic substitutions, in the preparation of sulfurated, (hetero)cyclic and several other transformations. This study describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of derivatives of monosulfurated naphthalene-1,4-dione (3), 3-chloro-2-ethoxy-naphthalene-1,4-dione (4), disulfurated naphthalene-1,4-dione (5), and symmetrical bis-1,4-naphthoquinones (7, 9) were obtained from the reaction of 2,3-dichloro-naphthaquinone (1) with S-, O-substituted mono-, di-, and tetrathiols, respectively. The structures of the novel products were characterized by spectroscopic methods.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Fungi; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoses; Naphthoquinones; Nitrogen; Sulfur Compounds

In this paper the novel N-cycloalkyl-(cycloalkylaryl)-2-[(3-R-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazoline-6-yl)thio]acetamides synthesis by aminolysis of activated by thionyl chloride or carbonyldiimidazole [(3-R-2-oxo-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazolin-6-yl)-thio]acetic acids and alkylation of the 3-R-6-thio-6,7-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]triazino[2,3-c]quinazoline-2-ones potassium salts with N-cycloalkyl-(cycloalkylaryl)-2-chloroacetamides are proposed. The structures of compounds are determined by (1)H, (13)C NMR, LC-MS and EI-MS analysis. The in vitro anticancer, antibacterial activity and Photobacterium leiognathi Sh1 bioluminescence inhibition of synthesized compounds were revealed. SAR results were discussed. Compound 4.10 was found to be the most anticancer active one, selectively influenced on the non-small cell lung and CNS cancer cell lines, especially on the HOP-92 (log GI(50) = -6.01) and U251 (log GI(50) = -6.00).

Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neoplasms; Quinazolines

A series of fluorine containing 4-(substituted-2-hydroxybenzoyl) pyrazoles and pyrazolyl benzo[d]oxazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The antibacterial activities were expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) in microg/ml. The compounds 1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-1H-pyrazole (4b), oxime derivatives such as 1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)methanone oxime (5b) and (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)(1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanone oxime (5e) exhibited promising activities against tested bacterial strains. Except compound 1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-1H-pyrazole (4d), none of the other compounds showed promising antifungal activity.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Escherichia coli; Fluorine; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxazoles; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pyrazoles; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure-Activity Relationship

Mastitis puerperalis may result either from a blocked mastitis or through bacteria. In rare cases it can originate from a candida infection. Physical measures are initially taken to treat blocked mastitis. Treatment for bacterial mastitis depends upon the expected range of pathogenes, and is therefore primarily treated with cephalosporides. For candida infections, nystantin is the first choice of treatment. Where conservative treatment for suspected mastitis does not lead to an improvement within 24 hours, antibiotics must necessarily be introduced. If, despite these measure, an abscess begins to form, this can be punctured if the patient is protected by antibiotics. Surgical intervention is only necessary in exceptional cases, where the abscess needs to be split open and a loop fitted. Bromocriptin is not suitable for treating mastitis if the mother wishes to continue breastfeeding.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Breast Feeding; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Infant; Mastitis; Nystatin; Puerperal Disorders

The plasma membrane of cells is composed of lateral heterogeneities, patches and microdomains. These membrane microdomains or lipid rafts are enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol and have been implicated in cellular processes such as membrane sorting and signal transduction. In this study we investigated the importance of lipid raft formation in the innate immune recognition of bacteria using biochemical and fluorescence imaging techniques. We found that receptor molecules that are implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-cellular activation, such as CD14, heat shock protein (hsp) 70, 90, Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are present in microdomains following LPS stimulation. Lipid raft integrity is essential for LPS-cellular activation, since raft-disrupting drugs, such as nystatin or MCD, inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion. Our results suggest that the entire bacterial recognition system is based around the ligation of CD14 by bacterial components and the recruitment of multiple signalling molecules, such as hsp70, hsp90, CXCR4, GDF5 and TLR4, at the site of CD14-LPS ligation, within the lipid rafts.

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Drosophila Proteins; G(M1) Ganglioside; Growth Differentiation Factor 5; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Lipopolysaccharides; Lymphocyte Activation; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Microdomains; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Nystatin; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, CXCR4; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-Like Receptors

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Arsenicals; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Neomycin; Nystatin; Polymyxins; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; Vaginosis, Bacterial

Expediency was studied of use of the drug terginan in a combined treatment of uterine neck pathologies in patients presenting with local inflammatory processes. The drug was found to be capable of dispelling an unspecific inflammatory process, normalizing the vaginal microbe landscape, promoting the postcryodestruction epithelization processes as evidenced by the analysis of the results obtained.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Neomycin; Nystatin; Prednisolone; Uterine Cervical Diseases

Topics: Animals; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Cefazolin; Colistin; Cyclosporine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Intestine, Small; Liver; Liver Transplantation; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Nystatin; Spleen; Swine; Tobramycin; Transplantation, Homologous; Vancomycin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Ceftriaxone; Cefuroxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Feces; Graft Rejection; Humans; Infant; Liver Transplantation; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nystatin; Postoperative Complications; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tobramycin

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Child; Gastrostomy; Humans; Jejunostomy; Ketoconazole; Nystatin; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Uremia

Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacterial Infections; Colistin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae; Female; Intestine, Small; Liver; Liver Transplantation; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Mycoses; Nystatin; Postoperative Complications; Spleen; Swine; Tobramycin; Transplantation, Autologous; Vancomycin

Fungal peritonitis as a serious complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is often associated with severe morbidity, CAPD "drop-out" and, occasionally, death. Most episodes of fungal peritonitis occur during or after a period of antibiotic treatment of various bacterial infections, usually bacterial peritonitis. From April 1979 to December 1982 (period I), 10 episodes of fungal peritonitis occurred during 415 patient-months, ie, 10.5% of all peritonitis episodes recorded in our CAPD program. After the introduction of oral prophylaxis with 3 x 500,000 IU [corrected] nystatin during every course of antibiotic treatment, only four episodes of fungal peritonitis occurred during 2,102 patient-months, ie, 3.1% of all peritonitis episodes from January 1983 to March 1989 (period II). This difference between the first and second periods is significant (P less than 0.05). Moreover, none of the four patients who contracted fungal peritonitis in the second period received nystatin prophylaxis. Thus, the simple measure of oral prophylaxis using this nonabsorbable antifungal agent in every case of an antibiotic treatment largely eliminates the risk of fungal peritonitis in patients on CAPD.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis

Many infections are caused by the patient's own oro-intestinal microbial flora under a protected environment. Thirty-eight patients with acute leukemia and two patients with blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia were treated under a protected environment with or without prophylactic antibiotics. Antibiotics used for decontamination were vancomycin (V), polymyxin B (P) and nystatin (N). The number of patients in the VPN, PN and the no antibiotic group were 13, 13 and 14, respectively. While the intestinal microbial flora was almost completely eliminated in VPN group, the number of bacteria decreased slightly in PN group. The mean number of pharyngeal and anorectal bacterial species decreased most markedly in the VPN group, but there were no significant differences among the three groups. The number of febrile days was significantly lower in the VPN and PN group than the no antibiotics group with neutrophil counts of less than 100 microliters. The average number of episodes of infection per patient was lowest in VPN group and highest in the no antibiotic group. These data indicate that VPN administration is effective for eliminating intestinal bacterial flora and resultantly protecting endogenous infections.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Child; Decontamination; Digestive System; Drug Therapy, Combination; Environment, Controlled; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Polymyxin B; Vancomycin

For prevention of infection we used an SD design including antibacterial (trimethoprim 480 mg/daily, sulfamerazine 720 mg/daily, and polymyxin 0.25 mg/daily) and antifungal (4-6 million IU nystatin/daily) components. We analyzed retrospectively 138 treatment periods in 108 patients. The intensified chemotherapy resulted in severe granulocytopenia below 0.1 x 10(9)/liter over 25.2 days. In 19 patients there was suspicion of major fungal infection; therefore they were given amphotericin B and 5-fluocytosine. Fourteen of them died; major fungal infections were documented in 5 cases. In 18% of all the deceased we found major fungal infections. There was a correlation between fungal infection, the late stages of the hematological malignancy, and the lesions on the oropharyngeal mucosa. However, in terms of the serological and culture findings no correlation appeared to exist between the group with and the group without fungal infection. The SD regime is meant to suppress the Candida cell concentration in the digestive tract but has no influence on Aspergillus in the respiratory tract.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Digestive System; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nystatin; Opportunistic Infections; Polymyxins; Sulfamerazine; Trimethoprim

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatomycoses; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin; Ointments; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aerobiosis; Bacterial Infections; Candida; Candidiasis; Child; Colistin; Gentamicins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Intestines; Liver Transplantation; Nystatin; Pharynx; Postoperative Complications; Rectum

Selective antimicrobial decontamination with norfloxacin was compared with vancomycin/polymyxin for prophylaxis of bacterial infections in granulocytopenic patients. In the group of patients receiving norfloxacin, there were a lower number of acquired gram-negative bacillary organisms per patient (0.88 versus 1.86, p = 0.002), fewer patients with documented infection (16 of 36 versus 20 of 30, p = 0.12), and fewer cases of gram-negative septicemia (0 of 36 versus five of 30, p = 0.02). Norfloxacin was better tolerated (30 of 36 versus 16 of 30 patients highly compliant, p = 0.02), and associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects (eight of 36 versus 14 of 36 patients, p = 0.07). These results suggest that norfloxacin is a more tolerable and efficacious oral antimicrobial agent than vancomycin/polymyxin for the prevention of serious gram-negative bacillary infections in granulocytopenic patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Bacterial Infections; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Norfloxacin; Nystatin; Polymyxins; Vancomycin

Topics: Adult; Agranulocytosis; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Digestive System; Humans; Mycoses; Nalidixic Acid; Neutropenia; Nystatin

Infection in the granulocytopenic patient is often life-threatening, and the frequency and severity of infection are increased regardless of the cause of leukocyte suppression. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin is known to be effective in preventing colonization and infection by the primary pathogens responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with granulocytopenia. When treating granulocytopenic patients, clinicians should use proper barrier techniques to minimize nosocomial colonization. When foci of oral infection are present or bacteremia is predictable, appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed.

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Dental Care for Disabled; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mycoses; Nystatin; Premedication; Sepsis; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Virus Diseases

The result documenting the disappearance of obligate anaerobic bacteria as the predominant intestinal organisms with the onset of septicemia from S. marcescens calls for exploration into the clinical significance of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine in relationships between gut flora and host. The finding that no significant difference could be seen between the rates of septicemia under protective isolation and in uncontrolled environments is indicative of the fact that the disease most likely originated as an infection of endogenous nature. In the five cases of leukemia in children with bone marrow transplantation cited in this presentation, not one case of bacterial or fungal infection was recorded. The establishment of endogenous infections surrounding the results presented herein is discussed in terms of the biological phenomena of the interaction between intestinal flora and host, and between the intestinal bacterial flora.

Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Child; Digestive System; Environment, Controlled; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Polymyxin B; Serratia marcescens; Vancomycin

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Anemia, Aplastic; Bacterial Infections; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Intestines; Leukemia; Nystatin; Premedication; Tobramycin; Vancomycin

No significant difference was seen in the incidence of infections between subjects receiving complete, selective and no decontamination aimed at the intestinal microflora in studies evaluating the preventative potential against endogenous infections in the compromised host maintained under protective isolation. This finding is reported together with a report of Serratia marcescens septicemia in a patient with leukemia who was given antibiotics systemically and kept under protective isolation. The establishment of opportunistic infections in relation to these results is discussed in terms of the biological phenomena of the interaction between the intestinal flora and the host, and between the species comprising the intestinal flora.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Female; Humans; Intestines; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Polymyxin B; Sepsis; Vancomycin

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Nifuratel; Nystatin; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Uterine Cervicitis; Vaginitis

Topics: Adult; Aminoglycosides; Amoxicillin; Amphotericin B; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Cytarabine; Dental Care; Doxycycline; Drug Interactions; Humans; Idoxuridine; Mycoses; Nystatin; Penicillins; Tetracyclines; Virus Diseases

A regimen of oral non-absorbable prophylactic antibiotics (kanamycin-vancomycin-nystatin) was given to nine severely neutropaenic leukaemic patients on cytotoxic therapy (11 courses), in conjunction with isolation procedures. An appreciable decrease in faecal organisms, especially anaerobes, was apparent after 48 h of commencing the course, and most bacteria had disappeared from the stool after five days. There were three episodes of septicaemia, all with enteric organisms, whilst on these antibiotics; one proved fatal. The emergence of resistance to aminoglycosides in faecal flora, notably Klebsiella, in 6/11 courses constituted a major problem in the use of such prophylaxis.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Feces; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Nystatin; Sepsis; Vancomycin

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Miconazole; Nystatin; Recurrence; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis

Topics: Acute Disease; Bacterial Infections; Colistin; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Framycetin; Humans; Leukemia; Neomycin; Nystatin; Patient Isolation

Severe mixed infection was observed in 9 out of 101 renal transplant recipients over a period of 6 years and was characterized by the simultaneous incidence of bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Severe septicaemia was clinically evident in all cases. The critical clinical situation called for a rapid assessment of the differential diagnosis and relevant bacterial, fungal and viral investigations. Antibacterial and antimycotic therapy must be instituted as soon as possible on account of the high mortality from mixed infection in renal transplant recipients. The reduction or discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy during infection did not impair renal transplant function.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Miconazole; Mycoses; Nystatin; Transplantation, Homologous; Virus Diseases

Infections of children with malignant disease, especially of the lympho-reticular system, are characterized by their severity, with a high mortality, as a consequence of defective immunocompetence. According to the immunosurveillance theory, temporary immune defects could have even facilitated the malignant growth. The neoplastic disease itself contributes to the immunodeficiency by multiple mechanisms. The powerful cytostatic-cytocidal drugs reduce the immune response also, especially in the phases of bone marrow depression. Granulocytopenia shows the most significant correlation with the incidence of serious infections. The different forms of hospital infections have been reviewed and classified as 1. bacterial, fungal and, rarely, (but most dangerous) protozoal infections, 2. endogenous infections with the patient's own anaerobic intestinal flora and 3. viral infections. The perspectives of up-to-date chemotherapy and management of the immunodeficiency e.g. with leucocyte transfusions, and attempts to prevent infection are discussed.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacterial Infections; Blood Transfusion; Child; Communicable Diseases; Cross Infection; Humans; Immunologic Surveillance; Immunosuppression Therapy; Leukocytes; Leukopenia; Miconazole; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoses; Neoplasms; Nutrition Disorders; Nystatin; Patient Isolation; Protozoan Infections; Tetracyclines; Virus Diseases

An oral prophylactic antibiotic regimen (neomycin-erythromycin-nystatin) aimed at suppression of the bowel flora was utilized in 20 patients with thermal injury treated in a laminar flow burn unit with strict sterile technique and reverse isolation. The regimen was utilized for an average of 24 days. Surface cultures were obtained twice weekly from multiple areas of the burn wound, and burn wound biopsies were performed one to two times weekly. These patients were compared prospectively with a group of 10 patients treated in otherwise identical fashion, save for the omission of the antibiotic suppressive regimen. Bacterial colonization of the burn wound occurred an average of 19 days after admission in the group receiving antibiotics compared to 4 days after admission in the control group (p less than 0.01). Positive burn biopsies (more than 10(5) bacteria per gm of tissue) were observed twice as often in the group not receiving antibiotics (p less than 0.16) as were infectious complications of several types: bacteremia, burn wound sepsis, urinary tract infections, pneumonitis, cellulitis (0.10 less than p less than 0.20). Staphylococcal or fungal overgrowth were not encountered in the patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics, nor was there an adverse effect on serum creatinine levels with the prolonged use of neomycin.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Burns; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Humans; Intestines; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin; Pneumonia; Prospective Studies; Sepsis; Staphylococcus aureus; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Burns; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythromycin; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Ampicillin; Aspergillus fumigatus; Bacterial Infections; Erythromycin; Humans; Mycoses; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Sinusitis; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Burns; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythromycin; Humans; Intestines; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Nystatin; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Movements; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Child; Ear; Feces; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Nose; Nystatin; Paromomycin; Patient Isolators; Pharynx; Polymyxins; Skin; Vagina; Vancomycin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Mice; Neomycin; Nystatin; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Thiourea; Undecylenic Acids

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Agranulocytosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Feces; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Neutrophils; Nystatin; Remission, Spontaneous; Vancomycin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Griseofulvin; Humans; Iodides; Mycoses; Nystatin; Streptomycin; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Tolnaftate; Trimethoprim; Vancomycin