nsc-141537 and Mouth-Diseases

The possible protective effect of a feed additive (Mycofix) against the toxic effects of 4,15-diacetoxiscirpenol (DAS) in growing broiler chickens was investigated in a 21-d fully randomized trial consisting of seven dietary treatments (control with no DAS or Mycofix added, 1 ppm DAS alone, 1 ppm DAS supplemented with 0.75 g/kg Mycofix, 1 ppm DAS supplemented with 1.5 g/kg Mycofix, 2 ppm DAS alone, 2 ppm DAS supplemented with 0.75 g/kg Mycofix, and 2 ppm DAS supplemented with 1.5 g/kg Mycofix). When no feed additive was included, both levels of dietary DAS significantly decreased BW and feed intake and caused oral lesions, with the effect of 2 ppm DAS being more severe. When 1 ppm DAS was added to the diet, supplementation of Mycofix protected against the adverse effects of DAS on feed intake and BW at both levels of inclusion (0.75 and 1.5 g/kg); however, no protection against oral lesions was obtained by Mycofix supplementation. This finding suggests that the adverse effect of DAS on performance is not due to the oral lesions per se but it is likely the result of the systemic absorption of the mycotoxin. When 2 ppm dietary DAS was present in the diet, only partial protection on BW and feed intake was obtained by Mycofix supplementation. More studies are required to determine if a higher dose of Mycofix could be capable of counteracting the adverse effects of 2 ppm dietary DAS on chicken performance.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Diet; Eating; Iodophors; Mouth Diseases; Poultry Diseases; Trichothecenes; Weight Gain

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) on BW, feed consumption, and oral lesions of broiler breeders. In Experiment 1, caged broiler breeder hens were fed 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg DAS/kg diet from 24 to 25 wk of age. There were dose-related decreases in BW and feed consumption indicating feed refusal, as well as dose-related increases in the extent of mouth lesions. The areas of the mouth most sensitive to DAS were associated with the salivary glands and the tip of the tongue. In Experiment 2, individually caged male and female broiler breeders were fed a basal diet containing 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg DAS/kg from 25 to 27 wk of age. There were dose-related decreases in BW and feed consumption for the female broiler breeders, whereas there was a decrease in feed consumption for the male broiler breeders at the 10 and 20 mg DAS/kg levels. In Experiment 3, male broiler breeders were fed 0 or 10 mg DAS/kg diet from 23 to 25 wk of age on a litter floor. For this experiment the daily intake of feed was restricted, and the feed consumption rate was measured. There was an increased amount of unconsumed feed at 23 wk of age due to the presence of DAS. In summary, the experiments provided evidence that DAS caused decreased BW and feed consumption as well as cytotoxic injury including oral lesions in broiler breeders.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Eating; Female; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mycotoxins; Trichothecenes

Dietary scirpentriol (STO), triacetoxyscirpenol (TAS), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species, were compared for their ability to cause mouth lesions when graded dietary levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 micrograms STO or TAS/g; 0, .5, 1, 2, and 4 micrograms MAS or DAS/g) were fed to male broiler chickens for 21 days after hatching. The mouth lesions provoked by each scirpenol were dose-related. The minimum effective doses (MED) were 4, 2, 1, and .5 micrograms/g for TAS, STO, DAS, and MAS, respectively, whether the number of affected birds or the number of affected mouth parts (angles, upper beak, lower beak, and tongue) was the measured response. Lesion sites in the mouth varied with the toxin. The rank orders from greatest to least affected sites were angles, upper beak, lower beak, and tongue for TAS and STO, upper beak, lower beak, angles, and tongue for MAS, and upper beak, lower beak, tongue, and angles for DAS. Mouth lesions were clearly visible with each toxin after feeding for 1 wk and the numbers of affected mouth parts almost tripled after 2 wk exposure. During Week 3 of exposure, only the increase caused by MAS was significant (P less than .05). The MED for growth inhibition were 2, 2, 2, and 8 micrograms/g for STO, MAS, DAS, and TAS, respectively. Thus, mouth lesions were of equal or greater sensitivity than growth inhibition as an indicator of scirpenol toxicity. It would appear that the discovery of mouth lesions in birds justifies a mold and mycotoxin control program.

Topics: Acetylation; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Food Microbiology; Fusarium; Male; Mouth Diseases; Mycotoxicosis; Mycotoxins; Poultry Diseases; Random Allocation; T-2 Toxin; Trichothecenes; Weight Gain