noxythiolin and Disease-Models--Animal

A model of bacterial peritonitis, using mice infected with Escherichia coli, has been used to assess the protective effects of intraperitoneal treatment with antiseptics. Of the five antiseptics tested, only chlorhexidine gluconate had any protective effect, concentrations of 0.05 and 0.02 per cent reducing the mortality to 14 and 50 per cent respectively. The other antiseptics, taurolin, noxytiolin, povidone iodine and hypochlorite were all ineffective. Delayed treatment with chlorhexidine was not as effective as instillation immediately postinfection.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli Infections; Hypochlorous Acid; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Noxythiolin; Peritonitis; Povidone-Iodine; Taurine; Thiadiazines; Time Factors

Peritoneal infection progresses through defined stages: contamination, inflammation and abscess formation. An experimental model of established peritonitis without adjuvant in the rat was used to test the effect of various local and systemic agents on survival. There was significant improvement in all treatment groups except those treated with antiseptic lavage using PVP-I and noxythiolin. Intramuscular ampicillin improved survival from 40 to 60 per cent while intramuscular amikacin combined with local irrigation with metronidazole reduced mortality to nil (P less than 0.001). Both cephradine and metronidazole used as peritoneal lavage solutions improved survival (P less than 0.005) when compared with the controls but the difference was not significant when compared with irrigation with Hartmann's solution. Metronidazole given rectally also improved survival from 40 to 60 per cent but this difference was not significant. We conclude that survival in established peritonitis depends upon adequate antibiotic therapy.

Topics: Amikacin; Ampicillin; Animals; Cephradine; Disease Models, Animal; Injections, Intramuscular; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Metronidazole; Noxythiolin; Peritonitis; Povidone-Iodine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rectum; Ringer's Lactate; Therapeutic Irrigation

A controlled mixed peritoneal infection was produced by inoculation of bacteria into the peritoneum and peritonitis was allowed to become established. A laparotomy was performed and peritoneal toilet with a variety of agents was carried out. Local povidone-iodine in the inflamed peritoneum proved to be not only of no benefit but, in fact, to be toxic. In the standard concentrations recommended it proved lethal. Noxythiolin 2.5 per cent also had no beneficial effect. There was a significant difference between the effect of povidone-iodine when instilled into an inflamed peritoneum and instillation into the intact peritoneal cavity. We would advise caution in the use of these antiseptics in any situation in which local defence mechanisms have been compromised as a result of established infection.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Noxythiolin; Peritonitis; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thiourea

Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that intraperitoneal noxytiolin prevents adhesion formation. A reliable experimental animal model was therefore established and the effect of noxytiolin on adhesion formation was evaluated in a controlled trial using 80 rats. All 40 rats given Ringer solution developed adhesions, whereas in 7 out of 40 given noxytiolin no adhesions were found (P less than 0-02). Noxytiolin reduced both the total and the mean number of adhesions formed (P less than 0-2) and their mean length of attachment (P less than 0-05). The anti-adhesive effect of noxytiolin may be due to its anticoagulant, cytotoxic or antibacterial properties.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Noxythiolin; Peritoneal Diseases; Peritoneum; Rats; Thiourea; Tissue Adhesions