novobiocin and Sepsis

Topics: Deafness; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Fever; Humans; Novobiocin; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Vancomycin

Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus is a new sub-species of S. hominis, thus dividing S. hominis into subsp. hominis and novobiosepticus. This study was designed to identify subsp. novobiosepticus isolates amongst the S. hominis isolated from blood samples of patients with malignancy and septicaemia and to study their resistance profile. The identification was performed by using three simple tests which differentiated between the two sub-species. It was found that 22.8 per cent of S. hominis isolates belonged to subsp. novobiosepticus.

Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Adult; Aged; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Novobiocin; Sepsis; Staphylococcus hominis; Trehalose

Therapeutic alternatives are needed against infections caused by highly multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Novobiocin, an old antibiotic, was tested in vitro and in a murine sepsis model against one amoxicillin-susceptible and three amoxicillin-resistant strains [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 8-64 mg/L]. Novobiocin MICs for all strains were 0.25-0.5 mg/L. In sepsis, novobiocin and amoxicillin were evaluated at 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg given at 1, 5, 24 and 48 h post bacterial challenge. The most effective regimens in animals infected with the amoxicillin-susceptible strain were 200 mg/kg novobiocin and 25 mg/kg amoxicillin, achieving 100% survival and undetectable organisms in the peritoneum. Among mice infected with amoxicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, 200 mg/kg novobiocin gave the highest protection (90-100% survivors), followed by 200mg/kg amoxicillin (60-100%), 100 mg/kg novobiocin (50-87.5%) and 50 mg/kg amoxicillin (14.3-25%). The killing effect of antibiotics in the peritoneum (mean Deltalog(10) colony-forming units/mL between treated and control mice) was as follows: 200 mg/kg novobiocin (-6.6)>200 mg/kg amoxicillin (-5.6)>100 mg/kg novobiocin (-3.7) > 50 mg/kg amoxicillin (-0.7). Total plasma and ultrafiltrate pharmacokinetics of novobiocin (200 mg/kg, single dose) in non-infected mice showed, respectively, half-lives of 151 min and 215 min, area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) of 945.0 mgh/L and 136.6 mgh/L and maximal concentrations of 147 mg/L and 18 mg/L. Novobiocin may be a promising agent for therapy of highly beta-lactam-resistant pneumococcal infections.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactams; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Novobiocin; Peritoneum; Pneumococcal Infections; Sepsis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome

Dual inhibitors of bacterial gyrB and parE based on a 5-(2-pyrimidinyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine template exhibited MICs (microg/mL) of 0.06-64 (Sau), 0.25-64 (MRSA), 0.06-64 (Spy), 0.06-64 (Spn), and 0.03-64 (FQR Spn). Selected examples were efficacious in mouse sepsis and lung infection models at <50mg/kg (PO dosing).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA Gyrase; DNA Topoisomerase IV; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Imidazoles; Lung; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Rats; Sepsis; Structure-Activity Relationship

Topics: Cephalothin; Diabetes Complications; Electrodes, Implanted; Humans; Novobiocin; Oxacillin; Pacemaker, Artificial; Penicillins; Replantation; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Amputation Stumps; Amputation, Surgical; Chloramphenicol; Humans; Male; Melioidosis; Military Medicine; Novobiocin; Osteomyelitis; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Sulfisoxazole; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriuria; Carbenicillin; Chloramphenicol; Depression, Chemical; Drug Antagonism; Drug Synergism; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Exudates and Transudates; Humans; Kanamycin; Methacycline; Novobiocin; Oxytetracycline; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rifampin; Ristocetin; Sepsis; Sputum; Staphylococcus; Surgical Wound Infection

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Lincomycin; Male; Meningitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Radiography; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophage Typing; Chloramphenicol; Cloxacillin; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Hospitals; Humans; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Novobiocin; Paratyphoid Fever; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus

Topics: Chloramphenicol; Complement Fixation Tests; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Male; Melioidosis; Methods; Novobiocin; Pseudomonas; Sepsis; Serologic Tests; Tetracycline; Vietnam

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Female; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Penicillin Resistance; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Rifampin; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacitracin; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Methicillin; Novobiocin; Penicillin G; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Troleandomycin; Vancomycin

Topics: Anemia; Chloramphenicol; Chlorpromazine; Eye; Glutethimide; Herpes Zoster; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus; Hodgkin Disease; Lung Abscess; Mechlorethamine; Meprobamate; Nitrofurantoin; Novobiocin; Ophthalmology; Oxytetracycline; Pentobarbital; Polymyxins; Pseudomonas Infections; Quinine; Retina; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Toxicology

Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Bronchial Fistula; Chloramphenicol; Empyema; Erythromycin; Humans; Kanamycin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal; Pneumothorax; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Burns; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kanamycin; Novobiocin; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Serum Albumin; Shigella; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

Topics: Aeromonas; Alcoholism; Ascites; Bacteremia; Escherichia coli Infections; Geriatrics; Humans; Intestines; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Function Tests; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Peritonitis; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Coma; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Erythromycin; Listeria; Listeria monocytogenes; Meningitis; Meningitis, Listeria; Novobiocin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Seizures; Sepsis; Serologic Tests; Spiramycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Candidiasis; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart, Artificial; Humans; Methicillin; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Preventive Medicine; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Thoracic Surgery; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Abscess; Arthritis; Child; Chloramphenicol; Diagnosis, Differential; Drainage; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Joint Diseases; Novobiocin; Osteomyelitis; Oxytetracycline; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Suppuration; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Erythromycin; Geriatrics; Hydrocortisone; Middle Aged; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Streptomycin; Suppuration; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Novobiocin; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Micrococcus; Novobiocin; Osteomyelitis; Sepsis

Over 50 per cent of all staphylococcic infections are hospital-acquired. In 92 per cent of hospital-acquired infection, the organism is resistant to penicillin, and in 74 per cent to tetracycline.Chloramphenicol, bacitracin, novobiocin and erythromycin are the drugs of choice for therapy. There was good correlation between clinical response and antibiotic therapy selected on the basis of results of organism sensitivity tests done by the agar diffusion technique.Cross-resistance among the tetracyclines averaged 94 per cent. Erythromycin and magnamycin showed similar pattern. Mortality in infants less than two months old was 7.8 per cent as compared with 1.1 per cent in older children. Death was related either to pneumonia or to septicemia in the ten fatalities recorded in this series.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Child; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Humans; Infant; Micrococcus; Novobiocin; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Sepsis; Tetracycline; Tetracyclines