noscapine and Cough

Topics: Acetaminophen; Aerosols; Aminophylline; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Antimony; Antipyretics; Antitussive Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Bronchodilator Agents; Caffeine; Codeine; Cough; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Expectorants; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ion Exchange Resins; Noscapine; Parasympatholytics; Pharmacology; Phenothiazines; Promethazine; Reflex; Research; Sodium Salicylate; Sympathomimetics

Sequential three-step empirical therapy is useful for the management of chronic cough. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified sequential three-step empirical therapy.. Consecutive patients (n = 240) with chronic cough were recruited and randomly assigned to receive modified (modified group) or primary (primary group) sequential three-step empirical therapy. The primary end-point was the overall rate of control of chronic cough. Secondary end-points were the rate of control of chronic cough at each step of therapy, the duration of treatment required, changes in cough symptom score, health-related quality of life and possible adverse effects.. The study was completed by 106 patients in the modified group and 108 patients in the primary group. The overall rate of control of chronic cough was 88.7% in the modified group and 91.7% in the primary group (chi(2) = 0.54, P > 0.05). There were no obvious differences in the rate of control of cough at each step of therapy, the duration of treatment required, patterns of cough symptom scores or improvements in the health-related quality of life between the modified and primary groups. However, the incidence of drowsiness was significantly lower in the modified group than in the primary group (11.7% vs 21.7%, chi(2) = 4.32, P = 0.04).. Modified three-step empirical therapy was as efficacious as primary three-step therapy for chronic cough, but was preferable because it had fewer side-effects.

Topics: Adult; Aminophylline; Antitussive Agents; Budesonide; Cetirizine; Chlorpheniramine; Chronic Disease; Cough; Domperidone; Drug Therapy, Combination; Empirical Research; Humans; Methamphetamine; Middle Aged; Noscapine; Omeprazole; Prednisone; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Sleep Stages; Treatment Outcome

The antitussive effect of several antitussive agents has been objectively evaluated in patients with chronic stable cough due to bronchial carcinoma, pulmonary tuberculosis or chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients received the active antitussive drugs or placebo in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. The preparations were administered at 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. on 7 consecutive nights and no antitussive was given for the following 20 hours. Cough frequency and intensity were recorded from 10 p.m. until 6 a.m. The active medications were noscapine (30 mg), dextromethorphan (20 mg), dihydrocodeine (30 mg) and codeine (20, 30 and 60 mg) at 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. Cough frequency and intensity were objectively assessed with a pressure transducer placed over the trachea and recorded on a chartrecorder. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and multiple range testing. Noscapine, dextromethorphan, dihydrocodeine and codeine (60 mg) significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced the cough frequency compared to placebo. They also produced a greater reduction of cough intensity than placebo, codeine (20 mg) and codeine (30 mg) (p less than 0.001). The duration of action of low-dose codeine (6 hours) was unsatisfactory. Subjective preference for dextromethorphan indicates a psychotropic central nervous action of this drug not assessed by the measuring device. Noscapine was equally well tolerated but more neutral psychologically.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antitussive Agents; Bronchitis; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Codeine; Cough; Dextromethorphan; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Noscapine; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

1. Protection by codeine 20 mg, dextromethorphan 30 mg, noscapine 30 mg, and placebo against citric acid-induced cough was determined in eighteen healthy subjects. 2. Drug differences occurred at 2 1/2 h following ingestion of the drugs but not at 1 1/4 h. 3. Only coideine 20 mg had a greater antitussive action than placebo, but dextromethorphan 30 mg also did not differ from codeine 20 mg. 4. This technique may offer a useful screening test for the activity of new potential antitussive compounds in man.

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Citrates; Codeine; Cough; Dextromethorphan; Humans; Levorphanol; Noscapine; Time Factors

The effect of the preparation Duopect (narcotine hydrochloride + glyceryl guiacolate) on intensity and frequency of cough and expectoration was evaluated by the preferential test in 62 patients with chronic bronchitis. The preparation was compared to narcotine and to a placebo in a double-blind study. Duopect was found to be an effective antitussive and expectorant medicine with only minimal and transient side effects.

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cough; Drug Evaluation; Expectorants; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asthma; Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cough; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Female; Guaifenesin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Noscapine; Placebos; Tuberculosis

Topics: Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cough; Guaifenesin; Humans; Noscapine; Respiratory Tract Infections; Suppositories

The French Ministry of Health scheduled opioid cough suppressants as prescription-only drugs on 12 July 2017. The present study assessed the impact of this regulation on the diversion modalities of the concerned drugs and the related drug pholcodine by analysing the national OSIAP (Ordonnances Suspectes Indicateur d'Abus Possible) database.. Medical prescriptions with at least 1 mention of codeine, dextromethorphan, ethylmorphine, noscapine or pholcodine for cough suppression recorded in 2013-2019 were extracted from OSIAP. Annual mentioning rates were estimated by dividing numbers of mentions over those of prescriptions recorded the year considered. A descriptive analysis compared the characteristics of prescriptions before and after 12 July 2017.. Overall, 832 mentions of the requested drugs were retrieved on 827 prescription forms. Codeine was the most frequent (n = 809, 8.7%) with 6 additional mentions of codeine/ethylmorphine combination, followed by dextromethorphan (n = 11, 0.1%) and pholcodine (n = 6, 0.1%). There was no mention of noscapine. Annual mentioning rates varied between 0 and 0.3% for all drugs except codeine. Codeine mentioning rates ranged between 0.3% (n = 2) and 0.7% (n = 9) before 12 July 2017 and increased to 10.1% (n = 61) thereafter in 2017, 16.1% (n = 314) in 2018, and 19.8% (n = 414) in 2019. The profile of subjects evolved accordingly with an increased male/female ratio (10.0 vs. 1.5 before) and decreased age (23 vs. 40 y before, P < .001).. The sharp increase of recourse to falsified prescription forms indicates that codeine diversion continues despite restricted access, whereas the other drugs studied do not seem to have been impacted.

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Antitussive Agents; Codeine; Cough; Dextromethorphan; Ethylmorphine; Female; Humans; Male; Nonprescription Drugs; Noscapine; Prescriptions

Topics: Acenocoumarol; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Antitussive Agents; Cough; Drug Interactions; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; International Normalized Ratio; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Nonprescription Drugs; Noscapine; Phenprocoumon; Thromboembolism

Dry cough is a common side-effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and is a major limiting factor of their use. It has been suggested that ACEI cause this side-effect by potentiation of the bradykinin effect. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that noscapine, an antitussive drug, inhibits the effect of bradykinin.. To investigate the effect of noscapine on ACEI-induced cough, 611 hypertensive patients who were being treated with ACEI were evaluated for the incidence of persistent dry cough.. A cough had developed in 65 (10.6%) patients, two (3.1%) of whom also had severe respiratory distress that required hospitalisation and immediate discontinuation of the ACEI. Forty-two (64.6%) patients had developed a mild cough and 21 (32.3%) patients had developed a moderate to severe cough. The patients with moderate to severe cough received 15 mg of noscapine, orally three times daily, while they continued ACEI. Noscapine effectively resolved the cough in 19 (90%) patients within 4-9 days of starting treatment.. Noscapine, possibly by inhibition of bradykinin synthesis, eliminates ACEI-induced cough in the majority of patients and allows them to continue with ACEI therapy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antitussive Agents; Bradykinin; Cough; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Noscapine

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) like captopril and enalapril, can induce persistant cough in man. Noscapine, an antitussive alkaloid, can be used to suppress ACEI-induced cough. Some workers have suggested a role for bradykinin in precipitation of ACE-induced cough. Work carried out in our laboratory has shown noscapine to be a non-competitive inhibitor of bradykinin in guinea pig ileum. It is therefore possible that noscapine suppresses cough by blocking the effect of bradykinin receptor activation in the airways. Guinea pigs were placed in a cough-chamber connected to an air pump and a pressure transducer. Capsaicin was sprayed into the chamber and cough was recorded as a distinctive change in air pressure inside the cough-chamber. Animals treated with 1 mg/kg captopril and enalapril for 7 days, showed increased cough response. Ten microgram/kg FR190997, a non-peptide agonist of the bradykinin B2 receptor, also increased the cough response. Noscapine at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg was able to reverse the effects of ACEI and FR190997. Naloxone, a specific opioid receptor inhibitor, did not block the antitussive effects of noscapine in enalapril or FR190997 treated guinea pigs. This antitussive effect of noscapine is not mediated via the mu, kappa or delta opioid receptors. It is therefore possible that noscapine exerts its antitussive action by interfering with the bradykinin cough mediation.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Antitussive Agents; Bradykinin; Capsaicin; Captopril; Cough; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enalapril; Guinea Pigs; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Noscapine; Quinolines; Receptor, Bradykinin B2

The present study was designed to determine whether morphine-dependent rats have a decreased sensitivity to the cough-depressant effects of both opioid and nonopioid antitussives. Morphine dependence was induced by treatment with morphine-admixed food (0.5 mg/g of food) for 7 days. The cough reflex was induced by application of electrical stimulation to the tracheal mucosa by the puncture electrode-induced cough method. The cough-depressant effect was evaluated as the antitussive ED50 calculated by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon. The effects of both opioid (morphine and dihydrocodeine) and nonopioid (dextromethorphan and noscapine) antitussive drugs were diminished in morphine-dependent rats. The values of ED50 of these antitussive drugs in morphine-dependent rats were about 3-fold higher than those in control rats. A significantly lower number of serotonin receptors was found in the brainstem of morphine-dependent rats (Bmax: 2.88 +/- 0.32 pmoles/mg protein) than in controls (Bmax: 4.93 +/- 0.50 pmoles/mg protein). It is possible that the decreased sensitivity to both opioid and nonopioid antitussive drugs, in terms of the depression of the cough reflex, in morphine-dependent rats may be due to changes in the number of serotonin receptors.

Topics: Animals; Antitussive Agents; Brain Stem; Codeine; Cough; Dextromethorphan; Levorphanol; Male; Morphine; Noscapine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Serotonin

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Codeine; Cough; Dextromethorphan; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Expectorants; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Aged; Cough; Drug Combinations; Female; Guaifenesin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Noscapine; Solutions

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antitussive Agents; Cough; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Guaifenesin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Noscapine; Solutions

Topics: Cough; Expectorants; Guaifenesin; Noscapine

Topics: Animals; Anthracenes; Benzoates; Codeine; Columbidae; Cough; Decerebrate State; Methadone; Nalorphine; Noscapine; Pentobarbital; Pressure; Reflex; Respiration; Time Factors

Topics: Bronchiectasis; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Bronchopneumonia; Chronic Disease; Cough; Drug Combinations; Expectorants; Guaifenesin; Humans; Lung Abscess; Lung Neoplasms; Noscapine; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Salicylamides; Suppositories; Tracheitis

Topics: Adolescent; Antitussive Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Noscapine; Promethazine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Capsules; Cough; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Noscapine

Topics: Adult; Codeine; Cough; Diphenhydramine; Drug Combinations; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Noscapine; Periodicity; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antitussive Agents; Codeine; Cough; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Noscapine; Tartrates

Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Animals; Antitussive Agents; Benzoates; Cats; Codeine; Cough; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Female; Gases; Guinea Pigs; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Morphine; Noscapine; Oxides; Sulfur

Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Animals; Antitussive Agents; Benzoates; Cats; Codeine; Cough; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Female; Gases; Guinea Pigs; Laryngeal Nerves; Male; Morphine; Noscapine; Oxides; Sulfur

Topics: Anesthesia; Bronchitis; Bronchoscopy; Cough; Humans; Noscapine; Respiration

Topics: Asthma; Bronchial Spasm; Cough; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Animals; Antitussive Agents; Benzoates; Cats; Codeine; Cough; Female; Male; Methods; Noscapine; Piperazines; Sympathomimetics

Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Antitussive Agents; Atropine; Autonomic Agents; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cats; Cocaine; Codeine; Cough; Drug Antagonism; Drug Synergism; Electric Stimulation; Ephedrine; Ergotamine; Female; Laryngeal Nerves; Lobeline; Male; Noscapine; Respiration; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics; Yohimbine

Topics: Animals; Citrates; Codeine; Cough; Guinea Pigs; Noscapine

Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Antitussive Agents; Cats; Codeine; Cough; Medulla Oblongata; Noscapine; Respiration

Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Cell Respiration; Codeine; Cough; Drug Therapy; Humans; Hypoxia; Noscapine; Oxygen; Pharmacology; Respiration; Toxicology

Topics: Animals; Antitussive Agents; Codeine; Cough; Guinea Pigs; Noscapine; Resins, Plant

Topics: Codeine; Cough; Drug Therapy; Humans; Lung Diseases; Noscapine; Respiratory Therapy

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Awareness; Blindness; Codeine; Cough; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Noscapine; Visually Impaired Persons

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Bronchial Diseases; Codeine; Cough; Humans; Lung Diseases; Noscapine; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Chronic Disease; Cough; Humans; Lung Diseases; Noscapine

Topics: Antacids; Antitussive Agents; Cough; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Bronchi; Cell Respiration; Cough; Humans; Noscapine; Respiration

Topics: Antitussive Agents; Cough; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Cough; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Cilia; Cough; Dextromethorphan; Ephedrine; Ketones; Morphine Derivatives; Movement; Noscapine; Respiratory System

Topics: Cough; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Cough; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Cough; Humans; Noscapine

Topics: Bronchi; Cough; Humans; Noscapine; Reflex