nortriptyline and Pregnancy studies

Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.
nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.

Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Nicotine addiction has been identified as the primary contributor to continued widespread tobacco use worldwide."	8.81	Managing nicotine addiction. ( Hatsukami, DK; Kotlyar, M, 2002)
"We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-RCTs and factorial RCTs, which measured smoking cessation at six months or longer, recruited adults who smoked combustible cigarettes at enrolment (excluding pregnant people) and randomised them to approved pharmacotherapies and technologies used for smoking cessation worldwide (varenicline, cytisine, nortriptyline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and e-cigarettes) versus no pharmacological intervention, placebo (control) or another approved pharmacotherapy."	5.41	Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta-analyses. ( Agrawal, S; Aveyard, P; Fanshawe, TR; Freeman, SC; Hajizadeh, A; Hartmann-Boyce, J; Lindson, N; Livingstone-Banks, J; Ordóñez-Mena, JM; Sutton, AJ; Theodoulou, A; Zhu, S, 2023)
" There are now eight effective pharmacotherapies (nicotine gum, patch, nasal spray, inhaler, lozenge/tablet, bupropion, nortriptyline and clonidine) available to aid smoking cessation."	4.83	Developments in pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence: past, present and future. ( Foulds, J; Steinberg, MB; Williams, JM; Ziedonis, DM, 2006)
"Nicotine addiction has been identified as the primary contributor to continued widespread tobacco use worldwide."	4.81	Managing nicotine addiction. ( Hatsukami, DK; Kotlyar, M, 2002)
" We report on a set of identical twins with a de novo C749G mutation in the FGFR3 gene codon 250 after a pregnancy complicated by prenatal exposure to Nortriptyline."	3.75	Significant phenotypic variability of Muenke syndrome in identical twins. ( Escobar, LF; Hiett, AK; Marnocha, A, 2009)
"These mothers are apprehensive about recurrence after later births."	2.67	Prevention of recurrent postpartum major depression. ( Wheeler, SB; Wisner, KL, 1994)
" Severe toxicity usually occurs at supratherapeutic plasma levels and might be prevented by tailoring the dosage according to the individual's drug hydroxylating capacity."	2.37	Clinical pharmacology of antidepressant drugs: pharmacogenetics. ( Bertilsson, L; Sjöqvist, F, 1984)
"Nortriptyline was below the level of detectability in the infants' sera; however, two young infants aged 10 weeks or less had low concentrations of 10-hydroxy-nortriptyline."	1.30	Nortriptyline and its hydroxymetabolites in breastfeeding mothers and newborns. ( Findling, RL; Hinnes, RL; Perel, JM; Wisner, KL, 1997)

Research

Studies (42)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Comparison of Cortical GABA Levels in 4 Groups of Subjects Using Estrogen Alone, Fluoxetine Alone, Estrogen and Fluoxetine Combined in Pre and Post 4.0T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Sessions.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	21 (50.00)	18.7374
1990's	5 (11.90)	18.2507
2000's	12 (28.57)	29.6817
2010's	3 (7.14)	24.3611
2020's	1 (2.38)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Lindson, N	1
Theodoulou, A	1
Ordóñez-Mena, JM	1
Fanshawe, TR	2
Sutton, AJ	1
Livingstone-Banks, J	2
Hajizadeh, A	1
Zhu, S	1
Aveyard, P	1
Freeman, SC	1
Agrawal, S	1
Hartmann-Boyce, J	2
Hong, B	1
Wheat, H	1
Freeman, MP	1
Escobar, LF	1
Hiett, AK	1
Marnocha, A	1
Sit, D	1
Perel, JM	3
Wisniewski, SR	1
Helsel, JC	1
Luther, JF	1
Wisner, KL	4
Lamarche, F	1
Carcenac, C	1
Gonthier, B	1
Cottet-Rousselle, C	1
Chauvin, C	1
Barret, L	1
Leverve, X	1
Savasta, M	1
Fontaine, E	1
Kotlyar, M	1
Hatsukami, DK	1
Nardi, AE	2
Lopes, FL	2
Valença, AM	2
Nascimento, I	2
Perna, G	1
Mezzasalma, MA	1
Loughhead, AM	1
Stowe, ZN	1
Newport, DJ	1
Ritchie, JC	1
DeVane, CL	1
Owens, MJ	1
Foulds, J	1
Steinberg, MB	1
Williams, JM	1
Ziedonis, DM	1
Henderson, P	1
Sjöqvist, F	6
Bertilsson, L	1
Brixen-Rasmussen, L	1
Halgrener, J	1
Jørgensen, A	1
Bader, TF	1
Newman, K	1
Breyer-Pfaff, U	1
Nill, K	1
Entenmann, KN	1
Gaertner, HJ	1
Wheeler, SB	1
Hendrick, VC	1
Altshuler, LL	1
Findling, RL	2
Hinnes, RL	1
Tsen, LC	1
Datta, S	1
Vedernikov, Y	1
Bolanos, S	1
Bytautiene, E	1
Fulep, E	1
Saade, GR	1
Garfield, RE	1
Benowitz, NL	1
Dempsey, DA	1
Goldenberg, RL	1
Hughes, JR	1
Dolan-Mullen, P	1
Ogburn, PL	1
Oncken, C	1
Orleans, CT	1
Slotkin, TA	1
Whiteside, HP	1
Yaffe, S	1
Heikkinen, T	1
Ekblad, U	1
Laine, K	1
Peindl, KS	1
Hanusa, BH	1
Rapport, D	1
Erickson, SH	1
Smith, GH	1
Heidrich, F	1
Schloot, W	1
Goedde, HW	1
Matheson, I	1
Skjaeraasen, J	1
Vesell, ES	2
Passananti, GT	2
Greene, FE	1
Page, JG	1
Vessell, ES	1
Bourke, GM	1
Rane, A	1
Evans, DA	3
Alexanderson, B	3
Bergfors, PG	1
Borgå, O	1
Lind, M	1
Ygge, H	1
Shearer, WT	1
Schreiner, RL	1
Marshall, RE	1
Scanlon, FJ	1
Stucke, W	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
"A Randomized Open-label, Superiority, Multicenter, Two-arm Intervention Study of the Effect of High-intensity vs. 'Low-intensity' Smoking Cessation Intervention in Active Smokers With COPD"[NCT04088942]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-07-01	Withdrawn (stopped due to No funding)
Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy[NCT00279370]		283 participants (Actual)	Observational	1999-09-30	Completed
Measurement of GABA and Neurosteroid Levels in Women With Menopausal Major Depression Before and After Treatment With Estrogen Alone, Fluoxetine Alone, or Estrogen and Fluoxetine and Normal Controls Before and After Treatment With Estrogen[NCT00626340]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-07-31	Completed
A Prospective Study of Pregnant and Postpartum Women With and Without Mood Disorders[NCT03615794]		400 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-10-01	Recruiting
Prophylactic Use of Immediate Postpartum Sertraline to Prevent Postpartum Depression: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT02235064]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to Low recruitment, completion of funding cycle)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"This study was conducted at Yale University almost two decades ago. Our group at the University of Pennsylvania only has very basic information about this study. This includes the number of participants, which was 18, and the fact that no adverse events occurred. Staff members at the University of Pennsylvania do not have access to any additional study data. The contact person who initially entered this study protocol information is no longer at the University of Pennsylvania and we are unable to contact for additional information.~We only know that 18 participants completed, but as far as we know data was never analyzed for these 18 participants." (NCT00626340)
Timeframe: Healthy controls will undergo scans pre and post 3 weeks of estrogen treatment. Women with depression will undergo scans pre and post 6 weeks of treatment with estrogen alone, estrogen and fluoxetine, or fluoxetine alone

Number of Participants With Adverse Reaction to Treatment Agent up to 12 Weeks Following Discharge From Hospital

Intervention	()
All Participants	0

The Antidepressant Side-Effect Checklist (ASEC) was employed to detect any adverse reaction to treatment regimens (NCT02235064)
Timeframe: Discharge from hospital to 12 weeks postpartum

Number of Participants With Development of Postpartum Depression up to 12 Weeks Following Discharge From Hospital

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Sertraline	0
Placebo	1

"Patients met with single psychiatrist (co-investigator), blinded to group assignment, who evaluated the patient using Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Screen, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and clinical assessment~0 = No postpartum depression up to 12 weeks following discharge from hospital~1 = Postpartum depression up to 12 weeks following discharge from hospital" (NCT02235064)
Timeframe: Discharge from hospital to 12 weeks postpartum

Article	Year
Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta-analyses. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023, 09-12, Volume: 9 Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Network Meta-Analysis; Nicot	2023
Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2019, 06-05, Volume: 6 Topics: Behavior Therapy; Bupropion; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Nicotinic Agonists; Nortript	2019
Managing nicotine addiction. Journal of dental education, 2002, Volume: 66, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Bupropion; Chewing	2002
Developments in pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence: past, present and future. Drug and alcohol review, 2006, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bupropion; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Drug Administration Routes; Femal	2006
Clinical pharmacology of antidepressant drugs: pharmacogenetics. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1984, Volume: 39 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Child; Depressive Disorder	1984
[Psychopharmacogentics]. Medizinische Klinik, 1976, Mar-19, Volume: 71, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Asian People; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr	1976
Utility of clinical chemical determinations of drug concentrations in biological fluids. Clinical chemistry, 1971, Volume: 17, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Antipyrine; Ataxia; Chemistry, Clinical; Chromatography, Gas; Coffee; Desipramin	1971
Polygenic factors controlling drug response. The Medical clinics of North America, 1974, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Animals; Antipyrine; Caffeine; Dicumarol; Environment; Ethanol; Female; Genetic Variation; Ha	1974
Drug metabolism in the human fetus and newborn infant. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1972, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Aminobenzoates; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bilirubin; Diazepam; Electron Transport; Endoplasmic Reticulu	1972
The ecology of drug therapy. Birth defects original article series, 1974, Volume: 10, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Biological Evolution; Desipramine; Ethnicity; Female; Genetic Variation; Ge	1974

Article	Year
Prevention of recurrent postpartum major depression. Hospital & community psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 45, Issue:12 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Nortriptyline; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Ps	1994
Prevention of recurrent postpartum major depression. Hospital & community psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 45, Issue:12 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Nortriptyline; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Ps	1994
Prevention of recurrent postpartum major depression. Hospital & community psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 45, Issue:12 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Nortriptyline; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Ps	1994
Prevention of recurrent postpartum major depression. Hospital & community psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 45, Issue:12 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Nortriptyline; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Ps	1994
Prevention of recurrent postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2001, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Depression, Postpartum; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administr	2001
Prevention of recurrent postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2001, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Depression, Postpartum; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administr	2001
Prevention of recurrent postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2001, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Depression, Postpartum; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administr	2001
Prevention of recurrent postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2001, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Depression, Postpartum; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administr	2001

Article	Year
An imperfect literature and evidence-based medicine. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2009, Volume: 70, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Depression	2009
Significant phenotypic variability of Muenke syndrome in identical twins. American journal of medical genetics. Part A, 2009, Volume: 149A, Issue:6 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Attention Deficit	2009
Mother-infant antidepressant concentrations, maternal depression, and perinatal events. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2011, Volume: 72, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dose-Res	2011
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors prevent ethanol-induced neuronal death in mice. Chemical research in toxicology, 2013, Jan-18, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Brain; Caspase 3; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Cyclosporine; Ethanol; Female; H	2013
Pregnancy and respiratory nocturnal panic attacks. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2003, Volume: 48, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Nortriptyline; Panic Disorder	2003
[Panic disorder and pregnancy]. Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 2004, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Female; Humans; Nortriptyline; Panic Disorder; Pregnancy; P	2004
Placental passage of tricyclic antidepressants. Biological psychiatry, 2006, Feb-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Birth Weight; Clomipramine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dose-Respo	2006
Comments on "postpartum depression" article by Dr Wisner and colleagues. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Nortriptyline; Pregnancy; Sertraline	2007
Amitriptyline and nortriptyline excretion in human breast milk. Psychopharmacology, 1982, Volume: 76, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Nortriptyline; Pregnancy; Pu	1982
Amitriptyline in human breast milk and the nursing infant's serum. The American journal of psychiatry, 1980, Volume: 137, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Depression; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Nortriptyline; Pregn	1980
Secretion of amitriptyline and metabolites into breast milk. The American journal of psychiatry, 1995, Volume: 152, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Amitriptyline; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Nortriptyline;	1995
Management of breakthrough panic disorder symptoms during pregnancy. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Female; Humans; Nortriptyline; Panic Disorder; Pregnancy; P	1997
Nortriptyline and its hydroxymetabolites in breastfeeding mothers and newborns. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1997, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Breast Feeding; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Prema	1997
Panic attacks and lactated Ringer's solution: is there a relationship? Anesthesia and analgesia, 1999, Volume: 88, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Local; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Isotonic Solution	1999
Effect of fluoxetine on contractile activity of pregnant rat uterine rings. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2000, Volume: 182, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Dose-Response Relationship,	2000
The use of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation during pregnancy. Tobacco control, 2000, Volume: 9 Suppl 3 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Bupropion; Education; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Nortriptyline; Pregna	2000
Transplacental transfer of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in isolated perfused human placenta. Psychopharmacology, 2001, Volume: 153, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Blood Gas Analysis; Female; Huma	2001
Tricyclics and breast feeding. The American journal of psychiatry, 1979, Volume: 136, Issue:11 Topics: Amitriptyline; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Nortriptyline; Pregnancy	1979
Milk concentrations of flupenthixol, nortriptyline and zuclopenthixol and between-breast differences in two patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1988, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Breast; Clopenthixol; Female; Flupenthixol; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactation; Mi	1988
Genetic control of drug levels and of the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in man: individual variability in the extent of allopurinol and nortriptyline inhibition of drug metabolism. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1971, Jul-06, Volume: 179 Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Antipyrine; Coffee; Cytochromes; Dicumarol; Ethanol;	1971
Letter: Antidepressant teratogenicity? Lancet (London, England), 1974, Jan-19, Volume: 1, Issue:7847 Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Depression; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nortriptyline; Pr	1974
Prediction of steady-state plasma levels of nortriptyline from single oral dose kinetics: a study in twins. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1973, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Analysis of Variance; Biopharmaceutics; Chromatography, Gas; Female; Half-Life	1973
Interindividual differences in pharmacokinetics in man: clinical importance. Panminerva medica, 1973, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Antipyrine; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Nortriptyline;	1973
Plasma disappearance of nortriptyline in a newborn infant following placental transfer from an intoxicated mother: evidence for drug metabolism. The Journal of pediatrics, 1972, Volume: 80, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Gas; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mat	1972
Urinary retention in a neonate secondary to maternal ingestion of nortriptyline. The Journal of pediatrics, 1972, Volume: 81, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Maternal-Fetal	1972
Individual differences in the pharmacokinetics of monomethylated tricyclic antidepressants: role of genetic and environmental factors and clinical importance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1971, Jul-06, Volume: 179 Topics: Blood Pressure; Drug Antagonism; Female; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Male; Mathematics; Middle Aged;	1971
Use of antidepressant drugs during the first trimester. The Medical journal of Australia, 1969, Nov-22, Volume: 2, Issue:21 Topics: Amitriptyline; Desipramine; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Imipramine; Nortript	1969
Steady-state plasma levels of nortriptyline in twins: influence of genetic factors and drug therapy. British medical journal, 1969, Dec-27, Volume: 4, Issue:5686 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Barbiturates; Female; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular	1969
Pharmacogenetics. Transactions of the Medical Society of London, 1970, Volume: 86 Topics: Aged; Cortisone; Enzyme Induction; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Hydralazine; Intraocular Pressure; Ison	1970
[Experience with an antidepressant, Nortrilen]. Die Medizinische Welt, 1965, Dec-18, Volume: 51 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nortriptyline; Pregnancy	1965

nortriptyline and Pregnancy

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (42)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Comparison of Cortical GABA Levels in 4 Groups of Subjects Using Estrogen Alone, Fluoxetine Alone, Estrogen and Fluoxetine Combined in Pre and Post 4.0T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Sessions.

Number of Participants With Adverse Reaction to Treatment Agent up to 12 Weeks Following Discharge From Hospital

Number of Participants With Development of Postpartum Depression up to 12 Weeks Following Discharge From Hospital

Number of Participants With Perceived Infant Feeding Difficulties 12 Weeks Postpartum

Number of Participants With Perceived Infant Feeding Difficulties 4 Weeks Postpartum

Number of Participants With Perceived Infant Feeding Difficulties 8 Weeks Postpartum

Number of Participants With Perceived Infant Sleeping Difficulty at 12 Weeks Postpartum

Number of Participants With Perceived Infant Sleeping Difficulty at 4 Weeks Postpartum

Number of Participants With Perceived Infant Sleeping Difficulty at 8 Weeks Postpartum

Reported Infant Weight at 12 Weeks Following Delivery

Reported Infant Weight at 4 Weeks Following Delivery

Reported Infant Weight at 8 Weeks Following Delivery

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Intervention	Grams (Mean)
Sertraline	5301
Placebo	4734

Intervention	Grams (Mean)
Sertraline	3033
Placebo	2750

Intervention	Grams (Mean)
Sertraline	5301
Placebo	3685