nitrous oxide and Vomiting studies

Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.
dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.

Vomiting: The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" There was no significant difference in the primary outcome, early vomiting associated with procedural sedation, between the groups: ondansetron 12% versus placebo 16%, with a difference in proportions of -4."	9.34	Oral Ondansetron to Reduce Vomiting in Children Receiving Intranasal Fentanyl and Inhaled Nitrous Oxide for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Babl, FE; Davidson, A; Fauteux-Lamarre, E; Hopper, SM; Lee, KJ; Legge, D; McCarthy, M; Palmer, GM; Quinn, N, 2020)
"The authors investigated the effect of anesthesia with nitrous oxide and propofol on intraoperative involuntary movement, muscle relaxant usage, postoperative nausea and vomiting, the total amount of propofol used, and recovery time from anesthesia."	9.09	[The effects of propofol anesthesia with or without the use of nitrous oxide on the intraoperative involuntary movement, the postoperative awareness and vomiting]. ( Konno, M; Nishijima, S; Sakurada, H, 1999)
"5 times as often when halothane was used for maintenance of anesthesia (groups H/H and P/H) compared with the use of propofol (groups P/P and H/P; Odds Ratio 3."	9.08	Vomiting and recovery after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children. Comparison of four anesthetic techniques using nitrous oxide with halothane or propofol. ( Kataria, BK; Lea, DE; Milmoe, GJ; Montana, J; Nicodemus, HF; Pudimat, MA; Tefft, MC; Ved, SA; Walden, TL, 1996)
"This study was undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy."	9.08	Effective dose of granisetron for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ( Fujii, Y; Saitoh, Y; Tanaka, H; Toyooka, H, 1998)
"We compared the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total intravenous propofol-fentanyl anesthesia (TIVA group) and that after thiamylal-nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia (GOI group) in 60 ASA physical I and II patients for elective abdominal simple total hysterectomy."	9.08	[A comparison of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after propofol-fentanyl anesthesia and that after nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia]. ( Asada, A; Koh, H; Koyama, S; Noda, K; Tagami, N, 1998)
"1 mg/kg to 4 mg intravenously) compared with placebo in the prevention of postoperative vomiting in 429 ASA status I-III children 1-12 yr old undergoing outpatient surgery under nitrous oxide- and halothane-based general anesthesia."	9.08	Single-dose ondansetron prevents postoperative vomiting in pediatric outpatients. ( Cohen, IT; Colingo, K; Creed, MR; Davis, PJ; Donlon, JV; Ferrari, LR; Haberkern, CM; Hannallah, RS; McGowan, FX; Orr, RJ; Parasuraman, TV; Patel, RI; Prillaman, BA; Rimar, S, 1997)
"To compare the antimetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron, metoclopramide, and placebo for prevention of postoperative vomiting in pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy patients."	9.08	Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of metoclopramide and ondansetron for prevention of posttonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy emesis. ( Bohnsack, LE; Bostrom, BC; Seay, RE; Stene, FN; Young, LA, 1996)
"kg-1 propofolis not effective in the treatment of postoperative vomiting in children after adenotonsillectomy when a standardized anaesthetic with thiopentone, halothane, nitrous oxide, and 1."	9.08	Subhypnotic propofol does not treat postoperative vomiting in children after adenotonsillectomy. ( Carr, AS; Lerman, J; McAuliffe, G; Sikich, N; Smith, HS; Zestos, MM, 1997)
"The aim of this study was to establish whether nitrous oxide has a clinically important effect on postoperative vomiting in children after myringotomy."	9.08	Nitrous oxide does not increase vomiting in children after myringotomy. ( Komocar, L; MacNeill, HB; Rhine, EJ; Roberts, DJ; Splinter, WM, 1995)
"The effect of nitrous oxide on postoperative vomiting was evaluated in 330 children who underwent outpatient dental restorations."	9.08	Nitrous oxide does not increase vomiting after dental restorations in children. ( Komocar, L; Splinter, WM, 1997)
"The role of nitrous oxide anesthesia in causing postoperative vomiting (POV) was studied in 60 children undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy."	9.08	Vomiting after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children: the role of nitrous oxide. ( Lewis, IH; Malviya, S; Pandit, UA, 1995)
"Intravenous ondansetron in a dose of 50 micrograms/kg was more effective than placebo or a dose of 10 micrograms/kg in controlling the incidence and frequency of emesis in the hospital and during the first 24 postoperative hours."	9.08	The dose-response relationship of ondansetron in preventing postoperative emesis in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. ( Bras, PJ; Cieslak, GD; Pennant, JH; Watcha, MF, 1995)
" We compared the effects of propofol with and without N2O and droperidol to the effects of a conventional regimen consisting of halothane-N2O-droperidol on the recovery characteristics and the incidence of postoperative emesis after strabismus surgery in 120 ASA physical status 1 or 2 children."	9.07	Effect of propofol on the incidence of postoperative vomiting after strabismus surgery in pediatric outpatients. ( Simeon, RM; Stevens, JL; Watcha, MF; White, PF, 1991)
"The effect of nitrous oxide on postoperative nausea/vomiting and alertness were studied in 50 patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery."	9.07	The role of nitrous oxide in postoperative nausea and recovery in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. ( Laitinen, J; Nuutinen, L; Ranta, P, 1991)
" The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of emesis after propofol anaesthesia with and without nitrous oxide, compared with thiopentone and halothane anaesthesia, in hospital and up to 24 hr postoperatively, in outpatient paediatric patients after strabismus surgery."	9.07	Propofol anaesthesia reduces early postoperative emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery. ( Bevan, JC; Blackstock, D; Merrick, PM; Montgomery, CJ; Popovic, V; Reimer, EJ, 1993)
"Sixty patients were studied in a randomized, double-blind manner to determine whether metoclopramide added to droperidol decreased further the incidence of emetic symptoms (nausea, retching, vomiting) in outpatients receiving alfentanil anaesthesia for nasal surgery."	9.07	Metoclopramide does not decrease the incidence of nausea and vomiting after alfentanil for outpatient anaesthesia. ( AlHaddad, S; Furgerson, C; Khalil, I; Maurer, W; Whalley, DG, 1991)
" Seventy-eight children, aged 3-12 yr, were allocated randomly to receive either nitrous oxide and halothane or nitrous oxide and a propofol infusion for the maintenance of anesthesia."	9.07	Propofol infusion and the incidence of emesis in pediatric outpatient strabismus surgery. ( Lewis, IH; Munro, HM; Reynolds, PI; Weir, PM; Wilton, NC, 1993)
"Postoperative nausea and vomiting have been reported to be associated with the use of nitrous oxide."	9.06	Role of nitrous oxide and other factors in postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized and blinded prospective study. ( Buck, CF; Harper, JV; Kunkel, SE; Muir, JJ; Offord, KP; Warner, MA, 1987)
"Eighty-seven patients undergoing routine laparoscopy were divided randomly into two groups to study the effect of nitrous oxide anaesthesia on the incidence of postoperative vomiting."	9.06	Nitrous oxide anaesthesia and vomiting. The effect of nitrous oxide anaesthesia on the incidence of vomiting following gynaecological laparoscopy. ( Harper, NJ; Lonie, DS, 1986)
"Sixty-two postoperative patients were admitted to a double-blind study to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg of haloperidol with that of a placebo for the relief of vomiting and nausea following surgical procedures."	9.04	The use of haloperidol for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting--a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. ( Barton, MD; Cohen, PJ; Libonati, M, 1975)
" We analysed these studies in more detail by examining the effects of induction agent, choice of inhalation agent, presence/absence of nitrous oxide, age of patient or use of opiate on the incidence of emesis."	8.80	A meta-analysis of nausea and vomiting following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational agents. ( Bilski, AJ; Byrom, WD; Carr, A; Sneyd, JR, 1998)
"We have reviewed randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of anaesthetics which omitted nitrous oxide (N2O) to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)."	8.79	Omitting nitrous oxide in general anaesthesia: meta-analysis of intraoperative awareness and postoperative emesis in randomized controlled trials. ( McQuay, H; Moore, A; Tramèr, M, 1996)
"Omission of nitrous oxide reduced the odds of postoperative nausea and vomiting by 37%, a reduction in risk of 28%."	8.79	Omission of nitrous oxide during anesthesia reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis. ( Badwe, RA; Divatia, JV; Hawaldar, RW; Vaidya, JS, 1996)
"All obtainable investigations that have compared the incidence of vomiting in groups of patients who received nitrous oxide (N2O) and in patients who received anesthetics or analgesics without N2O were examined for a single, dichotomous variable: whether patients who received N2O experienced an absolutely higher incidence, as distinct from a statistically significantly higher incidence, of vomiting."	7.69	Twenty-four of twenty-seven studies show a greater incidence of emesis associated with nitrous oxide than with alternative anesthetics. ( Hartung, J, 1996)
" Serum gastrin and blood glucose concentrations were measured in ten normal children aged between 5 and 12 yr during general anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide and during strabismus surgery."	7.68	Serum gastrin and blood glucose levels during halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and strabismus surgery in children. ( Blanc, VF; Brisson, G; Jacob, JL; Ruest, P, 1991)
"Postoperative pain was assessed by a blinded observer using an objective pain scale (OPS)."	6.68	Dose-response of flurbiprofen on postoperative pain and emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery. ( Maekawa, N; Mikawa, K; Nishina, K; Obara, H; Shiga, M, 1997)
"One-hundred and eighty patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anaesthetized in random order with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen."	6.66	Nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen. ( Erkola, O; Hovorka, J; Korttila, K, 1988)
" There was no significant difference in the primary outcome, early vomiting associated with procedural sedation, between the groups: ondansetron 12% versus placebo 16%, with a difference in proportions of -4."	5.34	Oral Ondansetron to Reduce Vomiting in Children Receiving Intranasal Fentanyl and Inhaled Nitrous Oxide for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Babl, FE; Davidson, A; Fauteux-Lamarre, E; Hopper, SM; Lee, KJ; Legge, D; McCarthy, M; Palmer, GM; Quinn, N, 2020)
"Our aim was to show the efficacy of naproxen and paracetamol with and without pethidine on pain and nausea and vomiting after adenoidectomy."	5.12	Oral naproxen but not oral paracetamol reduces the need for rescue analgesic after adenoidectomy in children. ( Korpela, R; Laakso, E; Meretoja, OA; Silvola, J, 2007)
"This study compared the incidence of vomiting and the sedative effectiveness of ketamine to a ketamine-prornethazine combination in pediatric dental patients."	5.10	A comparison study between ketamine and ketamine-promethazine combination for oral sedation in pediatric dental patients. ( Bui, T; Murphy, S; Redden, RJ, 2002)
"The efficacy of an inhaled equimolar mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen (Entonox/MEOPA) to prevent procedural pain during renal percutaneous biopsies in children was assessed."	5.09	[Analgesia with oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture during percutaneous renal biopsy in children]. ( Monceaux, F; Niaudet, P; Petitjean, C; Piétrement, C; Salomon, R, 2001)
"The authors investigated the effect of anesthesia with nitrous oxide and propofol on intraoperative involuntary movement, muscle relaxant usage, postoperative nausea and vomiting, the total amount of propofol used, and recovery time from anesthesia."	5.09	[The effects of propofol anesthesia with or without the use of nitrous oxide on the intraoperative involuntary movement, the postoperative awareness and vomiting]. ( Konno, M; Nishijima, S; Sakurada, H, 1999)
"The role of nitrous oxide anesthesia in causing postoperative vomiting (POV) was studied in 60 children undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy."	5.08	Vomiting after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children: the role of nitrous oxide. ( Lewis, IH; Malviya, S; Pandit, UA, 1995)
"The aim of this study was to establish whether nitrous oxide has a clinically important effect on postoperative vomiting in children after myringotomy."	5.08	Nitrous oxide does not increase vomiting in children after myringotomy. ( Komocar, L; MacNeill, HB; Rhine, EJ; Roberts, DJ; Splinter, WM, 1995)
"The effect of nitrous oxide on postoperative vomiting was evaluated in 330 children who underwent outpatient dental restorations."	5.08	Nitrous oxide does not increase vomiting after dental restorations in children. ( Komocar, L; Splinter, WM, 1997)
"kg-1 propofolis not effective in the treatment of postoperative vomiting in children after adenotonsillectomy when a standardized anaesthetic with thiopentone, halothane, nitrous oxide, and 1."	5.08	Subhypnotic propofol does not treat postoperative vomiting in children after adenotonsillectomy. ( Carr, AS; Lerman, J; McAuliffe, G; Sikich, N; Smith, HS; Zestos, MM, 1997)
"1 mg/kg to 4 mg intravenously) compared with placebo in the prevention of postoperative vomiting in 429 ASA status I-III children 1-12 yr old undergoing outpatient surgery under nitrous oxide- and halothane-based general anesthesia."	5.08	Single-dose ondansetron prevents postoperative vomiting in pediatric outpatients. ( Cohen, IT; Colingo, K; Creed, MR; Davis, PJ; Donlon, JV; Ferrari, LR; Haberkern, CM; Hannallah, RS; McGowan, FX; Orr, RJ; Parasuraman, TV; Patel, RI; Prillaman, BA; Rimar, S, 1997)
"To compare the antimetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron, metoclopramide, and placebo for prevention of postoperative vomiting in pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy patients."	5.08	Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of metoclopramide and ondansetron for prevention of posttonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy emesis. ( Bohnsack, LE; Bostrom, BC; Seay, RE; Stene, FN; Young, LA, 1996)
"We compared the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total intravenous propofol-fentanyl anesthesia (TIVA group) and that after thiamylal-nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia (GOI group) in 60 ASA physical I and II patients for elective abdominal simple total hysterectomy."	5.08	[A comparison of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after propofol-fentanyl anesthesia and that after nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia]. ( Asada, A; Koh, H; Koyama, S; Noda, K; Tagami, N, 1998)
"5 times as often when halothane was used for maintenance of anesthesia (groups H/H and P/H) compared with the use of propofol (groups P/P and H/P; Odds Ratio 3."	5.08	Vomiting and recovery after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children. Comparison of four anesthetic techniques using nitrous oxide with halothane or propofol. ( Kataria, BK; Lea, DE; Milmoe, GJ; Montana, J; Nicodemus, HF; Pudimat, MA; Tefft, MC; Ved, SA; Walden, TL, 1996)
"This study was undertaken to determine the minimum effective dose of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy."	5.08	Effective dose of granisetron for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ( Fujii, Y; Saitoh, Y; Tanaka, H; Toyooka, H, 1998)
"To compare the incidence of vomiting following codeine or ketorolac for tonsillectomy in children."	5.08	Preoperative ketorolac increases bleeding after tonsillectomy in children. ( MacNeill, HB; Reid, CW; Rhine, EJ; Roberts, DW; Splinter, WM, 1996)
"Intravenous ondansetron in a dose of 50 micrograms/kg was more effective than placebo or a dose of 10 micrograms/kg in controlling the incidence and frequency of emesis in the hospital and during the first 24 postoperative hours."	5.08	The dose-response relationship of ondansetron in preventing postoperative emesis in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. ( Bras, PJ; Cieslak, GD; Pennant, JH; Watcha, MF, 1995)
"The effect of nitrous oxide on postoperative nausea/vomiting and alertness were studied in 50 patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery."	5.07	The role of nitrous oxide in postoperative nausea and recovery in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. ( Laitinen, J; Nuutinen, L; Ranta, P, 1991)
" Seventy-eight children, aged 3-12 yr, were allocated randomly to receive either nitrous oxide and halothane or nitrous oxide and a propofol infusion for the maintenance of anesthesia."	5.07	Propofol infusion and the incidence of emesis in pediatric outpatient strabismus surgery. ( Lewis, IH; Munro, HM; Reynolds, PI; Weir, PM; Wilton, NC, 1993)
"Sixty patients were studied in a randomized, double-blind manner to determine whether metoclopramide added to droperidol decreased further the incidence of emetic symptoms (nausea, retching, vomiting) in outpatients receiving alfentanil anaesthesia for nasal surgery."	5.07	Metoclopramide does not decrease the incidence of nausea and vomiting after alfentanil for outpatient anaesthesia. ( AlHaddad, S; Furgerson, C; Khalil, I; Maurer, W; Whalley, DG, 1991)
"he safety and efficacy of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) as a preanesthetic medication and the efficacy of droperidol as a prophylactic anti-emetic were evaluated in 100 children aged 2-8 yr undergoing general anesthesia for outpatient surgery."	5.07	Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for preanesthetic medication of pediatric day surgery patients with and without droperidol as a prophylactic anti-emetic. ( Friesen, RH; Lockhart, CH, 1992)
" The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of emesis after propofol anaesthesia with and without nitrous oxide, compared with thiopentone and halothane anaesthesia, in hospital and up to 24 hr postoperatively, in outpatient paediatric patients after strabismus surgery."	5.07	Propofol anaesthesia reduces early postoperative emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery. ( Bevan, JC; Blackstock, D; Merrick, PM; Montgomery, CJ; Popovic, V; Reimer, EJ, 1993)
" We compared the effects of propofol with and without N2O and droperidol to the effects of a conventional regimen consisting of halothane-N2O-droperidol on the recovery characteristics and the incidence of postoperative emesis after strabismus surgery in 120 ASA physical status 1 or 2 children."	5.07	Effect of propofol on the incidence of postoperative vomiting after strabismus surgery in pediatric outpatients. ( Simeon, RM; Stevens, JL; Watcha, MF; White, PF, 1991)
" Metoclopramide and droperidol had no significant effect on postoperative vomiting."	5.07	Prophylactic antiemetic treatment with ondansetron in children undergoing tonsillectomy. ( Furst, SR; Rodarte, A, 1994)
"The role of nitrous oxide in postoperative emesis is controversial."	5.07	Propofol for ambulatory gynecologic laparoscopy: does omission of nitrous oxide alter postoperative emetic sequelae and recovery? ( Jabamoni, R; Lurie, J; Sukhani, R, 1994)
"Eighty-seven patients undergoing routine laparoscopy were divided randomly into two groups to study the effect of nitrous oxide anaesthesia on the incidence of postoperative vomiting."	5.06	Nitrous oxide anaesthesia and vomiting. The effect of nitrous oxide anaesthesia on the incidence of vomiting following gynaecological laparoscopy. ( Harper, NJ; Lonie, DS, 1986)
"Postoperative nausea and vomiting have been reported to be associated with the use of nitrous oxide."	5.06	Role of nitrous oxide and other factors in postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized and blinded prospective study. ( Buck, CF; Harper, JV; Kunkel, SE; Muir, JJ; Offord, KP; Warner, MA, 1987)
"Sixty-two postoperative patients were admitted to a double-blind study to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg of haloperidol with that of a placebo for the relief of vomiting and nausea following surgical procedures."	5.04	The use of haloperidol for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting--a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. ( Barton, MD; Cohen, PJ; Libonati, M, 1975)
" The results of meta-analyses showed that nitrous oxide-based techniques increased the incidence of pulmonary atelectasis (odds ratio (OR) 1."	4.91	Nitrous oxide-based techniques versus nitrous oxide-free techniques for general anaesthesia. ( Jia, RH; Jia, WQ; Kuriyama, A; Liu, Y; Luo, XF; Ma, B; Sun, R; Tian, JH; Yang, K; Zhang, P, 2015)
" We analysed these studies in more detail by examining the effects of induction agent, choice of inhalation agent, presence/absence of nitrous oxide, age of patient or use of opiate on the incidence of emesis."	4.80	A meta-analysis of nausea and vomiting following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational agents. ( Bilski, AJ; Byrom, WD; Carr, A; Sneyd, JR, 1998)
"Omission of nitrous oxide reduced the odds of postoperative nausea and vomiting by 37%, a reduction in risk of 28%."	4.79	Omission of nitrous oxide during anesthesia reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis. ( Badwe, RA; Divatia, JV; Hawaldar, RW; Vaidya, JS, 1996)
"We have reviewed randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of anaesthetics which omitted nitrous oxide (N2O) to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)."	4.79	Omitting nitrous oxide in general anaesthesia: meta-analysis of intraoperative awareness and postoperative emesis in randomized controlled trials. ( McQuay, H; Moore, A; Tramèr, M, 1996)
" However, its analgesic efficacy remains uncertain for painful procedures; therefore, a combination with intranasal fentanyl (INF), an opioid, was suggested."	3.91	Nitrous Oxide 70% for Procedural Analgosedation in a Pediatric Emergency Department-With or Without Intranasal Fentanyl? ( Landolt, MA; Seiler, M; Staubli, G, 2019)
"All obtainable investigations that have compared the incidence of vomiting in groups of patients who received nitrous oxide (N2O) and in patients who received anesthetics or analgesics without N2O were examined for a single, dichotomous variable: whether patients who received N2O experienced an absolutely higher incidence, as distinct from a statistically significantly higher incidence, of vomiting."	3.69	Twenty-four of twenty-seven studies show a greater incidence of emesis associated with nitrous oxide than with alternative anesthetics. ( Hartung, J, 1996)
"Despite the wide use of droperidol to reduce nausea and vomiting in children, its pharmacokinetics have not been described in pediatric patients."	3.68	The pharmacokinetics of droperidol in anesthetized children. ( Bartkowski, RR; Grunwald, Z; Schieren, H; Torjman, M, 1993)
" Serum gastrin and blood glucose concentrations were measured in ten normal children aged between 5 and 12 yr during general anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide and during strabismus surgery."	3.68	Serum gastrin and blood glucose levels during halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and strabismus surgery in children. ( Blanc, VF; Brisson, G; Jacob, JL; Ruest, P, 1991)
" No adverse events were recorded for 95."	2.76	Safety of high-concentration nitrous oxide by nasal mask for pediatric procedural sedation: experience with 7802 cases. ( Liu, M; Zier, JL, 2011)
"Remifentanil is a new rapid-acting and ultra-short acting mu-opioid receptor agonist with few reports from use in children."	2.69	Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil in paediatric patients: a comparison with a desflurane-nitrous oxide inhalation anaesthesia. ( Eichner, A; Grundmann, U; Larsen, R; Uth, M; Wilhelm, W, 1998)
"Postoperative pain was assessed by a blinded observer using an objective pain scale (OPS)."	2.68	Dose-response of flurbiprofen on postoperative pain and emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery. ( Maekawa, N; Mikawa, K; Nishina, K; Obara, H; Shiga, M, 1997)
"Nausea and vomiting are the most frequent postoperative complications in the ambulatory surgical setting."	2.67	Does the duration of N2O administration affect postoperative nausea and vomiting? ( Paradise, NF; Smiley, BA, 1991)
"Emesis was similar after the operation regardless of aspiration of the stomach (overall emesis, 79% and 70% for those whose stomach had and had not been aspirated, respectively)."	2.67	Gastric aspiration at the end of anaesthesia does not decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting. ( Erkola, O; Hovorka, J; Korttila, K, 1990)
"One-hundred and eighty patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were anaesthetized in random order with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen."	2.66	Nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen. ( Erkola, O; Hovorka, J; Korttila, K, 1988)
"Nausea was significantly less among methoxyflurane patients, and vomiting during labour occurred only in patients who had nitrous oxide."	2.63	Methoxyflurane and nitrous oxide as obstetric analgesics. I. A comparison by continuous administration. ( Jones, EV; Jones, PL; Mushin, WW; Rosen, M, 1969)
"The study investigated patient discharge parameters and postdischarge adverse events after discharge among children who received oral conscious sedation for dental treatment."	1.42	Oral Sedation Postdischarge Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Patients. ( Huang, A; Tanbonliong, T, 2015)
"Sevoflurane was usually administered at high concentrations of up to 7% on induction; after 2 minutes the concentration was reduced."	1.35	[Sedation with sevoflurane for magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics: retrospective study of 5864 cases]. ( De Sanctis Briggs, V, 2009)
" There were no serious adverse events."	1.33	Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children receiving nitrous oxide for procedural sedation and analgesia. ( Babl, FE; Barnett, P; Oakley, E; Puspitadewi, A; Spicer, M, 2005)
" We characterize the fasting status of patients receiving procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric ED and assess the relationship between fasting status and adverse events."	1.32	Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. ( Agrawal, D; Gupta, R; Krauss, B; Manzi, SF, 2003)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	50 (40.32)	18.7374
1990's	53 (42.74)	18.2507
2000's	12 (9.68)	29.6817
2010's	6 (4.84)	24.3611
2020's	3 (2.42)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Large, Randomised, Parallel-group, Controlled Trial, With Patients Randomly Allocated to Either N2O-containing (70% N2O in Oxygen [FiO2 0.3]) or N2O-free (70% Nitrogen in Oxygen [FiO2 0.3]).[NCT00430989]	Phase 4	7,112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Completed
Do Patients Need Pre-Procedural Fasting for Coronary Artery Procedures?[NCT02562638]		240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Comparing Pain Relief in Early Labor: Nitrous Oxide Versus Butorphonol Study[NCT01636999]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Withdrawn
The Comparison of Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Inhalation Anesthesia Procedures Used in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeries in View of Postoperative Complications and the Recovery Period[NCT03187717]		583 participants (Actual)	Observational	2016-01-01	Completed
[NCT00440960]	Phase 4	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
EEG to Monitor Propofol Anesthetic Depth in Infants and Toddlers[NCT05701748]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-03	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Intervention	participants (Number)
Nitrous Oxide: 70% N2O (FiO2 0.3)	15
N2O Free Group (FiO2 0.3)	19

Intervention	Days (Median)
Nitrous Oxide: 70% N2O (FiO2 0.3)	6.1
N2O Free Group (FiO2 0.3)	6.1

Intervention	participants (Number)
Nitrous Oxide: 70% N2O (FiO2 0.3)	215
N2O Free Group (FiO2 0.3)	219

nitrous oxide and Vomiting

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (124)

Authors

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Cardiac Arrest

Hospital Stay (Days)

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Pulmonary Embolism

Stroke

The Primary Endpoint is a Composite of Death and Cardiovascular Events (Clinical and Silent MI, Cardiac Failure, Cardiac Arrest, Pulmonary Embolism, and Stroke) Measured at 30 Days After Surgery.

Wound Infection

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Qiu, Y	1
Li, L	1
Duan, A	1
Wang, M	1
Xie, M	1
Chen, Z	1
Wang, Z	1
Chaghazardi, S	1
Hedari, M	1
Bazargan-Hejazi, S	1
Mohammadi, R	1
Ahmadi, A	1
Vive, MGD	1
Anguelova, GV	1
Duim, S	1
Hofstee, HMA	1
Fauteux-Lamarre, E	1
McCarthy, M	1
Quinn, N	1
Davidson, A	1
Legge, D	1
Lee, KJ	1
Palmer, GM	1
Babl, FE	2
Hopper, SM	1
Li, ECK	1
Balbuena, LD	1
Gamble, JJ	1
Seiler, M	1
Landolt, MA	1
Staubli, G	1
Huang, A	1
Tanbonliong, T	1
Sun, R	1
Jia, WQ	1
Zhang, P	1
Yang, K	1
Tian, JH	1
Ma, B	1
Liu, Y	1
Jia, RH	1
Luo, XF	1
Kuriyama, A	1
Myles, PS	1
Leslie, K	1
Peyton, P	1
Paech, M	1
Forbes, A	1
Chan, MT	1
Sessler, D	1
Devereaux, PJ	1
Silbert, BS	1
Jamrozik, K	1
Beattie, S	1
Badner, N	1
Tomlinson, J	1
Wallace, S	1
De Sanctis Briggs, V	1
Zier, JL	1
Liu, M	1
Bui, T	1
Redden, RJ	1
Murphy, S	1
Hamad, MA	1
El-Khattary, OA	1
BODMAN, RI	1
MORTON, HJ	1
THOMAS, ET	1
URBACH, KF	1
LEE, WR	1
SHEELY, LL	1
LANG, FL	1
SHARP, RP	1
HOLMES, CM	1
Agrawal, D	1
Manzi, SF	1
Gupta, R	1
Krauss, B	1
Puspitadewi, A	1
Barnett, P	1
Oakley, E	1
Spicer, M	1
Yeo, ST	1
Holdcroft, A	1
Yentis, SM	1
Stewart, A	1
Bassett, P	1
Korpela, R	1
Silvola, J	1
Laakso, E	1
Meretoja, OA	1
Arcari, S	1
Ferro, R	1
Palazzo, MG	1
Strunin, L	1
Duncan, GH	1
Moore, P	1
Hornbein, TF	1
Eger, EI	1
Winter, PM	1
Smith, G	1
Wetstone, D	1
Smith, KH	1
Murakawa, M	1
Adachi, T	1
Nakao, S	1
Seo, N	1
Shingu, K	1
Mori, K	1
Splinter, WM	4
Roberts, DJ	2
Rhine, EJ	2
MacNeill, HB	2
Komocar, L	2
Pandit, UA	1
Malviya, S	1
Lewis, IH	2
Watcha, MF	2
Bras, PJ	1
Cieslak, GD	1
Pennant, JH	1
Erkola, O	5
Van den Berg, AA	1
Honjol, NM	1
Furst, SR	1
Rodarte, A	1
Ummenhofer, W	1
Frei, FJ	1
Urwyler, A	1
Kern, C	1
Drewe, J	1
Sukhani, R	1
Lurie, J	1
Jabamoni, R	1
Reimer, EJ	1
Montgomery, CJ	1
Bevan, JC	1
Merrick, PM	1
Blackstock, D	1
Popovic, V	1
Werner, ME	1
Bach, DE	1
Newhouse, RF	1
Hartung, J	2
Weir, PM	1
Munro, HM	1
Reynolds, PI	1
Wilton, NC	1
Grunwald, Z	1
Torjman, M	1
Schieren, H	1
Bartkowski, RR	1
Botta, G	1
D'Angelo, A	1
D'Ari, G	1
Merlino, G	1
Chapman, M	1
Grudzinskas, G	1
Jellish, WS	1
Lien, CA	2
Fontenot, HJ	1
Hall, R	1
Fisher, DM	1
Ved, SA	1
Walden, TL	1
Montana, J	1
Lea, DE	1
Tefft, MC	1
Kataria, BK	1
Pudimat, MA	1
Nicodemus, HF	1
Milmoe, GJ	1
Roberts, DW	1
Reid, CW	1
Tramèr, M	2
Moore, A	2
McQuay, H	2
Karabiyik, L	1
Bozkirli, F	1
Celebi, H	1
Göksu, N	1
Heath, KJ	1
Sadler, P	1
Winn, JH	1
McFadzean, WA	1
Stene, FN	1
Seay, RE	1
Young, LA	1
Bohnsack, LE	1
Bostrom, BC	1
Divatia, JV	1
Vaidya, JS	1
Badwe, RA	1
Hawaldar, RW	1
Hemmings, HC	1
Belmont, MR	1
Abalos, A	1
Hollmann, C	1
Kelly, RE	1
Mikawa, K	1
Nishina, K	1
Maekawa, N	1
Shiga, M	1
Obara, H	1
Overdyk, FJ	1
Roy, RC	1
Zestos, MM	1
Carr, AS	1
McAuliffe, G	1
Smith, HS	1
Sikich, N	2
Lerman, J	2
Allen, IE	1
Kupelnick, B	1
Ross, S	1
Ballantyne, J	1
Gratz, I	1
Patel, RI	1
Davis, PJ	2
Orr, RJ	1
Ferrari, LR	1
Rimar, S	1
Hannallah, RS	1
Cohen, IT	1
Colingo, K	1
Donlon, JV	1
Haberkern, CM	1
McGowan, FX	1
Prillaman, BA	1
Parasuraman, TV	1
Creed, MR	1
Morimoto, Y	1
Matsumoto, S	1
Nakamura, M	1
Makino, A	1
Tamura, T	1
Oka, H	1
Shimizu, K	1
Miyauchi, Y	1
Crawford, MW	1
Sloan, MH	1
Halpern, L	1
Bissonnette, B	1
Koyama, S	1
Koh, H	1
Noda, K	1
Tagami, N	1
Asada, A	1
Fujii, Y	2
Saitoh, Y	2
Tanaka, H	2
Toyooka, H	3
Grundmann, U	1
Uth, M	1
Eichner, A	1
Wilhelm, W	1
Larsen, R	1
Sneyd, JR	1
Carr, A	1
Byrom, WD	1
Bilski, AJ	1
Eberhart, LH	1
Döring, HJ	1
Holzrichter, P	1
Roscher, R	1
Seeling, W	1
Boufflers, E	1
Maslowski, D	1
Menu, H	1
Guermouche, T	1
Theeten, G	1
Beague, D	1
Reyford, H	1
Krivosic-Horber, R	1
Nishijima, S	1
Konno, M	1
Sakurada, H	1
Piétrement, C	1
Salomon, R	1
Monceaux, F	1
Petitjean, C	1
Niaudet, P	1
Suga, A	1
Tanaka, M	1
Kanagasundaram, SA	1
Lane, LJ	1
Cavalletto, BP	1
Keneally, JP	1
Cooper, MG	1
Bidwai, AV	1
Stanley, TH	1
Rogers, C	1
Riet, EK	1
Van De Walle, J	1
Lauwers, P	1
Adriaensen, H	1
Brown, ES	1
Muir, VM	1
Leonard, M	1
Haddaway, E	1
Barton, MD	1
Libonati, M	1
Cohen, PJ	1
Cade, L	1
Ross, AW	1
Friesen, RH	1
Lockhart, CH	2
Whalley, DG	1
AlHaddad, S	1
Khalil, I	1
Maurer, W	1
Furgerson, C	1
Ranta, P	1
Nuutinen, L	1
Laitinen, J	1
Simeon, RM	1
White, PF	1
Stevens, JL	1
Blanc, VF	1
Ruest, P	1
Brisson, G	1
Jacob, JL	1
Smiley, BA	1
Paradise, NF	1
Mulroy, JJ	1
Rymer, DB	1
Chaitoff, KA	1
Boston, JR	1
Westman, HR	1
Cook, DR	1
Hovorka, J	4
Korttila, K	5
Ostman, PL	1
Faure, E	1
Apfelbaum, JL	1
Ekdawi, M	1
Roizen, MF	1
Lonie, DS	2
Harper, NJ	2
Martin, J	1
Williams, D	1
Weis, FR	1
Sengupta, P	1
Plantevin, OM	1
Gunawardene, RD	1
White, DC	1
Muir, JJ	1
Warner, MA	1
Offord, KP	1
Buck, CF	1
Harper, JV	1
Kunkel, SE	1
Melnick, BM	1
Johnson, LS	1
Hardy, JF	1
Charest, J	1
Girouard, G	1
Lepage, Y	1
Gillman, MA	1
Aromaa, U	1
Shah, ZP	1
Wilson, J	1
Nikki, P	1
Pohjola, S	1
Hayes, JP	1
Hackett, PR	1
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Chandran, S	1
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Kellner, GA	1
Wasmuth, CE	1
Jones, PL	3
Rosen, M	3
Mushin, WW	3
Jones, EV	3
Samuel, JR	1
Powell, D	1
Dobkin, AB	1
Israel, JS	1
Pieloch, PA	1
Peter, K	1
Klose, R	1
Lutz, H	1
Immich, H	1
Meridy, HW	1
Creighton, RE	1
Chernokozhev, Kh	1
Swerdlow, M	1
Chakraborty, SK	1
Zahangir, MA	1
Noble, FP	1
Adriani, J	1
Morrison, JD	1
Clarke, RS	2
Dundee, JW	3
Knape, H	1
Borchert, K	1
Dauss, I	1
Ratra, CK	2
Pandey, K	1
Badola, RP	2
Bhargava, KP	2
McKie, BD	1
Mehta, V	1
Halliday, F	1
Nicholl, RM	1
Moore, J	1
Loan, WB	1

Article	Year
The efficacy and tolerability of inhaled nitrous oxide in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology, 2023, Volume: 240, Issue:10 Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Nausea; Nitrous Oxide; Vomiting	2023
Nitrous oxide-based techniques versus nitrous oxide-free techniques for general anaesthesia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Nov-06, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Nausea; Nitrous	2015
Anaesthesia and emesis. I: Etiology. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1984, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Spinal; Antiemetics; Autonomic N	1984
Nitrous oxide and the dental patient: a review of adverse reactions. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 1984, Volume: 108, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Asphyxia; Blood; Bone Marrow; Diffusion; Ear, Middle; Femal	1984
Omitting nitrous oxide in general anaesthesia: meta-analysis of intraoperative awareness and postoperative emesis in randomized controlled trials. British journal of anaesthesia, 1996, Volume: 76, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Awareness; Humans; Intraoperative Period; Nausea; Nitr	1996
Omission of nitrous oxide during anesthesia reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis. Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Nausea; Nitrous Oxide; Odds Ratio; Vomi	1996
Meta-analytic comparison of prophylactic antiemetic efficacy for postoperative nausea and vomiting: propofol anaesthesia vs omitting nitrous oxide vs total i.v. anaesthesia with propofol. British journal of anaesthesia, 1997, Volume: 78, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Humans; Nausea; Nitrous Ox	1997
A meta-analysis of nausea and vomiting following maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol or inhalational agents. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Desflurane; Humans; In	1998

Article	Year
Comparing the Effect of Gabapentin, Ketamine, Dexmedetomidine, and Entonox on Pain Control in Burn Wound Dressing. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association, 2020, 01-30, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Bandages; Blood Pressure; Burns; Debridement; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Gabapentin	2020
Oral Ondansetron to Reduce Vomiting in Children Receiving Intranasal Fentanyl and Inhaled Nitrous Oxide for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Annals of emergency medicine, 2020, Volume: 75, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Analgesics; Antiemetics; Child; Child,	2020
Nitrous oxide and perioperative cardiac morbidity (ENIGMA-II) Trial: rationale and design. American heart journal, 2009, Volume: 157, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Length of Stay	2009
Safety of high-concentration nitrous oxide by nasal mask for pediatric procedural sedation: experience with 7802 cases. Pediatric emergency care, 2011, Volume: 27, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Conscious Sedation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; H	2011
A comparison study between ketamine and ketamine-promethazine combination for oral sedation in pediatric dental patients. Anesthesia progress, 2002,Winter, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Awaren	2002
Analgesia with sevoflurane during labour: ii. Sevoflurane compared with Entonox for labour analgesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 2007, Volume: 98, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Conscious Sed	2007
Oral naproxen but not oral paracetamol reduces the need for rescue analgesic after adenoidectomy in children. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2007, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenoidectomy; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Anti-Inf	2007
Nitrous oxide does not increase vomiting in children after myringotomy. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inh	1995
Vomiting after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children: the role of nitrous oxide. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1995, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Female;	1995
The dose-response relationship of ondansetron in preventing postoperative emesis in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Anesthesiology, 1995, Volume: 82, Issue:1 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relation	1995
Clinical comparison of spontaneous respiration versus controlled ventilation general anaesthesia using isoflurane for intraocular surgery: intraoperative, recovery and postoperative effects. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1994, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Cataract Extra	1994
Prophylactic antiemetic treatment with ondansetron in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Acetaminophen; Antiemetics; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Droperidol; Female; Humans	1994
Effects of ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr	1994
Propofol for ambulatory gynecologic laparoscopy: does omission of nitrous oxide alter postoperative emetic sequelae and recovery? Anesthesia and analgesia, 1994, Volume: 78, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, General; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans	1994
Propofol anaesthesia reduces early postoperative emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1993, Volume: 40, Issue:10 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intr	1993
A comparison of propofol with methohexital and isoflurane in two general anesthetic techniques. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 1993, Volume: 51, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alfentanil; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General;	1993
Propofol infusion and the incidence of emesis in pediatric outpatient strabismus surgery. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1993, Volume: 76, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Female; Halothane; Humans; Infusions, Intr	1993
The comparative effects of sevoflurane versus propofol in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in adult patients. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anest	1996
Vomiting and recovery after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children. Comparison of four anesthetic techniques using nitrous oxide with halothane or propofol. Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:1 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Anesthesia; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Halothane; Humans; Male; Nitrous Oxide;	1996
Preoperative ketorolac increases bleeding after tonsillectomy in children. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1996, Volume: 43, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthet	1996
Effect of nitrous oxide on middle ear pressure: a comparison between inhalational anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and TIVA. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Ear, Middle; Female; Human	1996
Nitrous oxide reduces the cost of intravenous anaesthesia. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthe	1996
Dexamethasone decreases vomiting by children after tonsillectomy. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; An	1996
Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of metoclopramide and ondansetron for prevention of posttonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy emesis. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 1996, Volume: 8, Issue:7 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Antiemetics; Child; Chil	1996
A comparison: the efficacy of sevoflurane-nitrous oxide or propofol-nitrous oxide for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 1996, Volume: 8, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; An	1996
Dose-response of flurbiprofen on postoperative pain and emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1997, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal	1997
Nitrous oxide does not increase vomiting after dental restorations in children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1997, Volume: 84, Issue:3 Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Humans; Male; Nitrous Oxide; Postope	1997
Subhypnotic propofol does not treat postoperative vomiting in children after adenotonsillectomy. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1997, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antiemetics; C	1997
Single-dose ondansetron prevents postoperative vomiting in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1997, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Antiemetics; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Met	1997
[Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl for laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalatio	1997
Recovery characteristics of propofol anaesthesia, with and without nitrous oxide: a comparison with halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia in children. Paediatric anaesthesia, 1998, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous	1998
[A comparison of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after propofol-fentanyl anesthesia and that after nitrous oxide-isoflurane anesthesia]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Inhalati	1998
Effective dose of granisetron for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 15, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Antiemetics; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Double-Blind Method; Ele	1998
Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with granisetron-droperidol combination in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1998, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Antiemetics; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Double-Blind Metho	1998
Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil in paediatric patients: a comparison with a desflurane-nitrous oxide inhalation anaesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1998, Volume: 42, Issue:7 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthes	1998
Therapeutic suggestions given during neurolept-anaesthesia decrease post-operative nausea and vomiting. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antiemetics; Antipsychotic A	1998
[The effects of propofol anesthesia with or without the use of nitrous oxide on the intraoperative involuntary movement, the postoperative awareness and vomiting]. Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Awareness; Dyskinesias; Female; Gynecolo	1999
[Analgesia with oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture during percutaneous renal biopsy in children]. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 2001, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Age Factors; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Biopsy, Needle; Chemistry	2001
Effects of i.v. metoclopramide, atropine and their combination on gastric insufflation in children anaesthetized with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Antiemetics; Atropine; Child; Double-Blind Method; Dru	2001
Double blind comparison of fentanyl and sulfentanil in anesthesia. Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1976, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind	1976
The use of haloperidol for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting--a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesiology, 1975, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Abdomen; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Col	1975
Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for preanesthetic medication of pediatric day surgery patients with and without droperidol as a prophylactic anti-emetic. Anesthesiology, 1992, Volume: 76, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Child;	1992
Metoclopramide does not decrease the incidence of nausea and vomiting after alfentanil for outpatient anaesthesia. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1991, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Alfentanil; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous;	1991
The role of nitrous oxide in postoperative nausea and recovery in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1991, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Awareness; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Naus	1991
Effect of propofol on the incidence of postoperative vomiting after strabismus surgery in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology, 1991, Volume: 75, Issue:2 Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Droperidol; Female;	1991
Does the duration of N2O administration affect postoperative nausea and vomiting? Nurse anesthesia, 1991, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Ag	1991
Safety and efficacy of alfentanil and halothane in paediatric surgical patients. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1991, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool	1991
Gastric aspiration at the end of anaesthesia does not decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1990, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Female; Gastrointestinal Contents; Humans; Hysterectomy; Isoflurane;	1990
Randomized comparison of outcome after propofol-nitrous oxide or enflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in operations of long duration. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1989, Volume: 36, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Blood Pressure; Enflurane; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrous Oxide; Prop	1989
Nitrous oxide anaesthesia and vomiting. The effect of nitrous oxide anaesthesia on the incidence of vomiting following gynaecological laparoscopy. Anaesthesia, 1986, Volume: 41, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Middle Aged	1986
Comparison of three anesthetic techniques on emetic symptoms using sufentanil for outpatient surgery. AANA journal, 1987, Volume: 55, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, I	1987
Nitrous oxide and day-case laparoscopy: effects on nausea, vomiting and return to normal activity. British journal of anaesthesia, 1988, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Day Care, Medical; Humans; La	1988
Nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia with isoflurane, enflurane or fentanyl in combination with nitrous oxide and oxygen. European journal of anaesthesiology, 1988, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Enflurane; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hysterectomy; Isoflurane; Middle	1988
Nitrous oxide does not increase the incidence of nausea and vomiting after isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1987, Volume: 66, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Isoflurane; M	1987
Role of nitrous oxide and other factors in postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized and blinded prospective study. Anesthesiology, 1987, Volume: 66, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Double-Blind Method; Enflurane; Female; Humans; Isoflurane; Mal	1987
Nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery in preschool children. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1986, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Child; Child, Preschool; Double-Blind Method; Droperid	1986
Anaesthesia for out-patient varicose vein surgery with special reference to recovery. Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae Fenniae. Supplementum, 1974, Volume: 187 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Bender-Gestalt Test; Blood Press	1974
An evaluation of metoclopramide (Maxolon) as an anti-emetic in minor gynaecological surgery. British journal of anaesthesia, 1972, Volume: 44, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Amides; Anesthesia, General; Anisoles; Antiemetics; Benzoates; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ethy	1972
Cataract extractions without tracheal intubation. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1974, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Atropine; Carbon Dioxide; Cataract Ext	1974
Teflurane (1,1,1,2-tetra fluoro-bromethane) in clinical use. Anaesthesia, 1969, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic;	1969
Methoxyflurane and nitrous oxide as obstetric analgesics. I. A comparison by continuous administration. British medical journal, 1969, Aug-02, Volume: 3, Issue:5665 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consciousness; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans;	1969
Methoxyflurane and nitrous oxide as obstetric analgesics. II. A comparison by self-administered intermittent inhalation. British medical journal, 1969, Aug-02, Volume: 3, Issue:5665 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consciousness; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans;	1969
Field trial of methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide, and trichloroethylene as obstetric analgesics. British medical journal, 1969, Aug-02, Volume: 3, Issue:5665 Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apnea; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consciousness; Female; Humans; Infant, New	1969
The metabolic response to pentazocine as a supplement to balanced anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1970, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pre	1970
[Prevention and treatment of postoperative vomiting]. Medizinische Klinik, 1971, Apr-09, Volume: 66, Issue:15 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Antiemetics; Blood Pressure; Clinical Tr	1971
Studies of drugs given before anaesthesia. XXI. Droperidol. British journal of anaesthesia, 1970, Volume: 42, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anxiety; Benperidol; Diazepam; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypnotics and	1970
Evaluation of the effect of halothane on postoperative vomiting. British journal of anaesthesia, 1968, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Antiemetics; Atropine; Chlorpromazine; Female; Halothane;	1968
Role of different anaesthetic techniques in the incidence of early postanaesthetic sickness. British journal of anaesthesia, 1969, Volume: 41, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Curettage; Dilatation; Ethyl Ethers; Female; Humans; Hyster	1969
Studies of drugs given before anaesthesia. X. Two non-phenothiazine anti-emetics--cyclizine and trimethobenzamide. British journal of anaesthesia, 1966, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Atropine; Benzamides; Cyclizine; Female; Humans; Meperidine; Methohexital; Nitrous Oxide; Pre	1966

Article	Year
Metabolic encephalopathy caused by nitrous oxide ('laughing gas') induced hyperammonaemia. BMJ case reports, 2019, Nov-25, Volume: 12, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Confusion; Consciousness Disorders; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastr	2019
Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide in the Gas Mixture for Anesthesia II (ENIGMA II) Revisited: Patients Still Vomiting. Anesthesiology, 2017, Volume: 127, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Vomiting	2017
Nitrous Oxide 70% for Procedural Analgosedation in a Pediatric Emergency Department-With or Without Intranasal Fentanyl? Pediatric emergency care, 2019, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Child; Drug Therapy, Combi	2019
Oral Sedation Postdischarge Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Patients. Anesthesia progress, 2015,Fall, Volume: 62, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child	2015
[Sedation with sevoflurane for magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics: retrospective study of 5864 cases]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Deep Sedation; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant;	2009
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia with nitrous oxide pneumoperitoneum: a feasibility study. Surgical endoscopy, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Feasibility Studies; Female;	2003
Vomiting by outpatients after nitrous oxide anaesthesia. British medical journal, 1960, Apr-30, Volume: 1, Issue:5182 Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Anesthesia and Analgesia; Anesthesiology; Nitrous Oxide; Outpatients; Pain Ma	1960
SPINAL OR GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR?A COMPARISON OF CERTAIN COMPLICATIONS IN A CONTROLLED SERIES. JAMA, 1964, Oct-05, Volume: 190 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bronchitis; Cyclopropanes; Ether; Halothane; He	1964
POST-OPERATIVE VOMITING AFTER ETHER--AIR ANAESTHESIA. Anaesthesia, 1965, Volume: 20 Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Antipyre	1965
Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Annals of emergency medicine, 2003, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloral Hydrate; C	2003
Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children receiving nitrous oxide for procedural sedation and analgesia. Pediatric emergency care, 2005, Volume: 21, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Analgesia; Analgesics; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergencies;	2005
Preschool children and relative analgesia: satisfaction grading through a verbal questionnaire. European journal of paediatric dentistry, 2008, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Local; Art; Attitude to Health;	2008
The minimum alveolar concentration of nitrous oxide in man. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1982, Volume: 61, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Atmospheric Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Movement; Nausea; Nitro	1982
Activation of the cortical and medullary dopaminergic systems by nitrous oxide in rats: a possible neurochemical basis for psychotropic effects and postanesthetic nausea and vomiting. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1994, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Homovanillic Acid; Hy	1994
Nitrous oxide: laparoscopic surgery, bowel function, and PONV. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1994, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Humans; Intestines; Laparoscopy; Nausea; Nitrous Oxide; Vomiting	1994
Nitrous oxide--it's enough to make you vomit. Anesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Postoperative Complications; Vomiting	1993
The pharmacokinetics of droperidol in anesthetized children. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1993, Volume: 76, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Droperidol; Female; Halothane; Humans; Male; Nausea	1993
Epidural anesthesia in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 1995, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Intra	1995
Twenty-four of twenty-seven studies show a greater incidence of emesis associated with nitrous oxide than with alternative anesthetics. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 83, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Humans; Incidence; Nitrous Oxide; Vomiting	1996
Does nitrous oxide cause vomiting? Anesthesia and analgesia, 1996, Volume: 83, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Vomiting	1996
If nitrous oxide induces emesis, maybe 100% oxygen is an antiemetic. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1997, Volume: 84, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Antiemetics; Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Vomiting	1997
Criticism of Hartung's analysis. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1997, Volume: 84, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Nitrous O	1997
-The clinical use of the cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA)-. Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1998, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous;	1998
Efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide in alleviating pain and anxiety during painful procedures. Archives of disease in childhood, 2001, Volume: 84, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Dreams; Hu	2001
Reversal of diazepam-induced postanesthetic somnolence with physostigmine. Anesthesiology, 1979, Volume: 51, Issue:3 Topics: Diazepam; Dilatation and Curettage; Female; Humans; Nausea; Nitrous Oxide; Physostigmine; Preanesthe	1979
Anesthesia in pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America, 1977, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Child; Epinephrin	1977
Morbidity following dental extraction. A comparative survey of local analgesia and general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia, 1976, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Ch	1976
Is fentanyl effective for postoperative analgesia in day-surgery? Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1992, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesia; Anesthesia	1992
Serum gastrin and blood glucose levels during halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and strabismus surgery in children. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1991, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Glucose; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gastrins; Halothane; Humans;	1991
Nitrous oxide does not increase nausea and vomiting following gynaecological laparoscopy. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1989, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Enflurane; Female; Humans; Isoflurane; Laparoscopy; Nausea; Nitrous O	1989
Propofol and emesis. Anaesthesia, 1988, Volume: 43 Suppl Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Enflurane; Female; Genital D	1988
Effects of eliminating nitrous oxide in outpatient anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1987, Volume: 67, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Female; Humans; Nausea; Nitrous Oxide	1987
Postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia, 1986, Volume: 41, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Humans; Nausea; Nitrous Oxide; Postoperative Complications; Vomiting	1986
Nitrous oxide and its opioid emetic properties. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1985, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Pt 1 Topics: Animals; Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Vomiting	1985
Nausea and vomiting after ocular surgery. Acta ophthalmologica, 1972, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Local; Benperidol; Female; Humans; Male; Mepivacaine; Nausea; Ni	1972
Hypertensive encephalopathy following urological surgery. British journal of anaesthesia, 1973, Volume: 45, Issue:12 Topics: Atropine; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Brain Diseases; Chlorides; Creatinine; Fever; Halothane; Humans; Hydr	1973
Renal transplantation. Anaesthetic experience of 100 cases. Anaesthesia, 1970, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Acidosis; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Female; Halothane; Heart Arrest; Humans; Kidne	1970
General anaesthesia in eight patients with familial dysautonoma. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 1971, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Dy	1971
[General anesthesia and postoperative vomiting]. Vestnik khirurgii imeni I. I. Grekova, 1971, Volume: 106, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Child; Cyclopropanes; Ethyl Ethers; Humans; Middle Age	1971
A trial of CT1341. British journal of anaesthesia, 1971, Volume: 43, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics; Blood Pressure;	1971
Office experience with nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia. Journal of oral surgery (American Dental Association : 1965), 1967, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Atropine; Barbiturates; Blood Pressure Determination; Costs	1967
Penthrane for obstetrical anesthesia. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1967, Mar-24, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Chemical and Drug Induced L	1967
Analgesia and anesthesia in cesarean hysterectomy. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1969, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthesiology; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Barbit	1969
A comparison of neuroleptanesthesia and halothane in neurosurgery. Archivum chirurgicum Neerlandicum, 1970, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Child; Consciousness; Female; Fenta	1970
[Problems of postanesthetic vomiting following eye operations]. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde, 1971, Volume: 158, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Eye Diseases; Germany, East; Halothane; Humans; Nitrous Oxide; Phenothiazine	1971
Postoperative vomiting: the effects of premedication, anaesthetic and oxytocic drugs. The Medical journal of Australia, 1969, Jun-14, Volume: 1, Issue:24 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Atropine; Cervix Uteri; Curettage; Cyclopropanes; Dilatati	1969
Studies of drugs given before anaesthesia. XI. Diamorphine (heroin) and morphine. British journal of anaesthesia, 1966, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Heroin; Humans; Methohexital; Morphine; Nausea; Nitrous Oxide; Preanesthetic Medication; Vomi	1966